of land from Russian forces, says President Zelensky.

澤倫斯基總統說，從俄羅斯軍隊那裡獲得的土地。

This is News Review, from BBC Learning English.

這是《新聞評論》，來自BBC學習英語。

I'm Neil. And I'm Sian.

我是尼爾。我是Sian。

Make sure you watch to the end to learn vocabulary about today's story.

請務必看完，以瞭解有關今天的故事的詞彙。

And don't forget to subscribe to our channel, like this video

不要忘記訂閱我們的頻道，喜歡這個視頻

and try the quiz on our website.

並嘗試在我們的網站上進行測驗。

Now, the story.

現在，故事來了。

6,000 square kilometres. That's how much land

6,000平方公里。這就是有多少土地

the Ukrainian president says his soldiers have retaken

烏克蘭總統說他的阿兵哥已經重新奪回了

from Russian forces.

從俄羅斯部隊。

Volodymyr Zelensky's figures can't be confirmed,

Volodymyr Zelensky的數字不能被證實。

but Russia has admitted to losing key cities

但俄羅斯已承認失去了關鍵城市

in the north-eastern region of the country.

在該國的東北部地區。

Russia invaded Ukraine in February

俄羅斯於2月入侵烏克蘭

this year and still holds about a fifth of the country.

今年以來，仍然掌握著全國約五分之一的土地。

You've been looking at the headlines, Sian.

你一直在看頭條新聞，Sian。

What's the vocabulary?

詞彙是什麼？

OK, we have a 'turning point', 'on the back foot' and 'cement'.

好吧，我們有一個 "轉捩點"，"在後腳 "和 "水泥"。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是BBC學習英語的新聞評論。

Let's have a look at our first headline. OK. This one is from The Financial Times.

讓我們看一下我們的第一個標題。好的。這條新聞來自《金融時報》。

According to The Financial Times,

據《金融時報》報道。

the war in Ukraine has reached a 'turning point'.

烏克蘭的戰爭已經達到一個 "轉捩點"。

And that's the expression we are going to look at - 'turning point'.

而這就是我們要看的表達方式--'轉捩點'。

Now, the word 'turning' is connected to changes in direction.

現在，"轉向 "這個詞與方向的改變有關。

Is that sense the same here?

這種感覺在這裡是一樣的嗎？

It is, so, as is often the case in this programme,

的確如此，在這個節目中，情況往往如此。

we're talking about metaphorical language.

我們在談論隱喻性語言。

So, literally a turning point is the point in a road where you can stop

是以，從字面上看，轉捩點是指在一條道路上你可以停下來的地方。

and go in a different direction.

並走向不同的方向。

So, in this headline, and in common use,

是以，在這個標題中，以及在通常的使用中。

we use it non-literally to talk about situations that are starting to change.

我們用它來談論開始變化的情況，而不是字面意思。

And the situation that has started to change,

而這種情況已經開始改變。

according to this headline writer,

據這位頭條作者說。

is that Ukrainian forces are taking land from Russian forces.

是烏克蘭部隊正在從俄羅斯部隊手中奪取土地。

And that's land that Russian forces took when they invaded

而這是俄羅斯軍隊入侵時奪取的土地。

Ukraine earlier in the year.

在今年早些時候，烏克蘭。

But this expression has a wider use.

但這種表達方式有更廣泛的用途。

It's not only about war, is it? That's right.

這不僅僅是關於戰爭，是嗎？這就對了。

So, we use it to talk about moments in our life when things start to change

是以，我們用它來談論我們生活中事情開始變化的時刻。

in a really important way. We often use it with the verb 'reach'.

在一個真正重要的方面。我們經常把它與動詞 "到達 "一起使用。

So, you 'reach a turning point'.

是以，你 "達到一個轉捩點"。

So, Neil. For example.

所以，尼爾。比如說。

You have children, right?

你有孩子，對嗎？

I do. And that was a major turning point in my life.

我願意。而那是我生命中的一個重要轉捩點。

Everything changed. The direction of my life changed when I had kids.

一切都改變了。我的生活方向在我有了孩子後發生了變化。

And Neil used 'major' here, which is a common use.

而尼爾在這裡使用了'主要'，這是一個常見的用法。

We often use 'major' with 'turning point'.

我們經常將 "重大 "與 "轉捩點 "一起使用。

OK. Let's have a look at that again.

好的。讓我們再看看這個。

Let's have a look at our next headline, please.

讓我們看看下一個標題，謝謝。

This one is from Sky News.

這張是來自天空新聞。

The headline is saying that Russia is 'on the back foot',

標題是說，俄羅斯正在 "背水一戰"。

and that's an expression that means 'at a disadvantage'

這句話的意思是 "處於不利地位"。

or 'in a defensive position'.

或 "處於防守狀態"。

And it comes from sport, doesn't it?

而且它來自於體育，不是嗎？

That's right.

這就對了。

So this expression is from sport, probably

所以這個表達方式是來自體育，可能是

or possibly cricket and if you're on the back foot,

或可能是板球，如果你在後方。

your position is not ready to attack, your balance is ready to defend

你的位置不準備進攻，你的平衡準備防守

and that is the same as the meaning here, isn't it?

而這與這裡的意思是一樣的，不是嗎？

Yes. And so, by saying that Russia is 'on the back foot',

是的。是以，通過說俄羅斯'在背地裡'。

the headline writer thinks that they are less stable than before.

標題作者認為，他們比以前更不穩定。

Now, another version of that expression is 'caught on the back foot'.

現在，這個表達方式的另一個版本是 "被抓住的後腳"。

That's right. And that means someone is not prepared for something.

這就對了。而這意味著有人沒有為某些事情做好準備。

Yeah, and there are some other related expressions

是的，還有一些其他相關的表達方式

with the word 'balance' this time.

這次用的是 "平衡 "一詞。

So, you can be 'caught off balance' or 'knocked off balance' and again

是以，你可以 "失去平衡 "或 "失去平衡"，並再次

it's connected to being prepared.

它與準備工作有關。

Have you got some examples of these expressions?

你有這些表達方式的一些例子嗎？

Yes, I do, actually.

是的，我知道，實際上。

So, when I was younger and not as reliable as I am now,

所以，當我年輕的時候，不像現在這樣可靠。

I had a job interview and there was lots of traffic.

我有一個工作面試，有很多的交通。

So, I turned up late for the interview.

是以，我在面試時遲到了。

So, the interview started and I was already 'on the back foot'.

於是，面試開始了，我已經 "背水一戰 "了。

Sounds like you were 'caught off balance'.

聽起來你是 "失去平衡 "了。

I was and I didn't get the job.

我是，但我沒有得到這份工作。

Oh, dear. Let's have a look at that again.

哦，天哪。讓我們再看看這個。

Let's have our next headline, please.

請給我們下一個頭條新聞。

OK. This is from Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty.

好的。這是來自自由歐洲電臺/自由電臺。

And so this headline means that President Zelensky is asking

是以，這個標題意味著澤倫斯基總統正在要求

for more sanctions, that's measures to hurt the Russian economy. Also arms,

對更多的制裁，那是傷害俄羅斯經濟的措施。也是武器。

that's weapons, to 'cement' the military gains that Ukraine has made recently.

這就是武器，以'鞏固'烏克蘭最近取得的軍事成果。

We're looking at 'cement'.

我們正在看'水泥'。

Now, 'cement', I know what that is.

現在，"水泥"，我知道那是什麼。

Yeah, it's building material.

是的，它是建築材料。

So, it's the grey stuff that you use to stick bricks together

所以，它是用來把磚頭粘在一起的灰色東西。

if you build a house.

如果你建一個房子。

So, it's quite strong stuff.

所以，這是很強的東西。

Yeah. As you said, it's stuff.

是的。正如你所說，這是東西。

But here, in this headline,

但在這裡，在這個標題中。

it's a verb - 'to cement'.

它是一個動詞--"鞏固"。

But it carries the same meaning - to make something stronger.

但它具有相同的含義--使某些東西變得更強大。

What kind of things can we 'cement'?

我們可以 "水泥 "什麼樣的東西？

OK. So, we talk about 'cementing' an agreement,

好的。是以，我們談論 "鞏固 "一項協議。

or you can 'cement' a relationship or a friendship,

或者你可以 "鞏固 "一段關係或友誼。

but it does sound quite formal.

但這聽起來確實很正式。

So, you can say the president's visit 'cemented' relations

是以，你可以說總統的訪問'鞏固'了關係

between the two countries, for example.

例如，兩國之間的關係。

Yeah, but I probably wouldn't say "I went for a coffee with Rob and

是的，但我可能不會說 "我和羅伯一起去喝了杯咖啡。

it 'cemented' our friendship."

它'鞏固'了我們的友誼。"

No. No, that doesn't sound right.

不，不，這聽起來不對。

That's too formal here.

這在這裡太正式了。

You could just say "we got on well".

你可以直接說 "我們相處得很好"。

A quick note on pronunciation.

關於發音的簡單說明。

So, with the word 'cement', the verb and the noun, we stress the second syllable.

是以，對於 "水泥 "這個詞，動詞和名詞，我們強調第二個音節。

So, it's 'cement'.

所以，是'水泥'。

OK. Let's have a look at that one more time,

好的。讓我們再看一次。

so you can 'cement' your knowledge of that word.

所以你可以 "鞏固 "你對這個詞的認識。

We've had 'turning point' -

我們已經有了 "轉捩點" -

things start changing from here. 'On the back foot' -

事情從這裡開始改變。在後面的腳下" -

at a disadvantage. And 'cement' - make stronger.

處於不利地位。而'水泥'--使之更強大。

Don't forget there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.

不要忘記我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com上有一個測驗。

Thank you for joining us, and goodbye. Goodbye.

謝謝你加入我們，再見。再見。