premed years.

醫學預科時期。

Yet as soon as I utter the words organic chemistry or physics, your blood pressure probably spiked.

然而，只要我一說出有機化學或物理學這兩個詞，你的血壓可能就會飆升。

But what if I told you it’s not the subject matter or even your professor and it’s the

但是，如果我告訴你，這不是主題，甚至不是你的教授，而是

way you’re studying that’s the problem?

你的學習方式有問題嗎？

Dr. Jubbal, MedSchoolInsiders.com.

Jubbal博士，MedSchoolInsiders.com。

The reason many students hate science classes in college is that they find them incredibly

許多學生在大學裡討厭科學課的原因是，他們認為科學課是令人難以置信的。

challenging.

具有挑戰性。

Most students fall into one of two categories.

大多數學生屬於兩類中的一類。

First, there are the students who put in considerable amounts of effort but still struggle to understand

首先，有一些學生付出了相當多的努力，但仍然難以理解

the material.

的材料。

These students will study for hours a day and still fail to achieve the grades that

這些學生每天都會學習幾個小時，但仍然無法取得應有的成績。

they desire.

他們的願望。

On the other side of the spectrum, there are the students who can’t get themselves to

在光譜的另一邊，有一些學生無法讓自己到

put in enough effort in the first place.

首先要付出足夠的努力。

For these students, studying feels like pulling teeth.

對這些學生來說，學習感覺就像拔牙。

In both situations, however, students are making things much harder than they need to

然而，在這兩種情況下，學生都把事情弄得比他們需要的要難得多。

be.

是。

How well you do in your college science classes has less to do with the subject matter or

你在大學科學課上的表現如何，與主題或其他方面關係不大。

“how mean your professor is,” and more to do with how you're approaching the content.

"你的教授有多刻薄"，而更多地是與你如何對待內容有關。

There is no “one-size-fits-all” solution to studying that will work for every single

沒有一個 "一刀切 "的學習方案能適用於每一個人。

class.

類。

The way that you approach science classes like biology, organic chemistry, physics,

你對待科學課的方式，如生物、有機化學、物理。

and general chemistry is totally different from how you approach classes like history

和普通化學是完全不同的，你如何對待歷史等課程。

or English.

或英語。

Whereas subjects like history are primarily rote memorization and less focused on critical

而像歷史這樣的科目主要是死記硬背，不太注重批判性。

thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving and subjects like English are more focused on

思考、推理和解決問題，而英語等科目則更注重於

dissecting literature and writing your own conclusions in a meaningful and effective

剖析文獻並以有意義和有效的方式寫出自己的結論

way, science classes are a different animal that require a completely different approach.

科學課是一種不同的動物，需要一種完全不同的方法。

Studying for courses such as physics, chemistry, and genetics requires a similar approach to

學習物理、化學和遺傳學等課程，需要採取類似於

studying mathematics.

學習數學。

Rather than rote memorization, these subjects are more reliant on critical thinking and

這些科目不是死記硬背，而是更依賴於批判性思維和

problem-solving ability.

解決問題的能力。

As such, this difference in approach needs to be reflected in your study strategies.

是以，這種方法上的差異需要反映在你的學習策略中。

Whereas with history you may focus on flashcards to memorize facts and dates, your approach

而在歷史方面，你可能專注於閃卡來記憶事實和日期，你的方法是

to physics and chemistry should focus primarily on practice problems.

對物理和化學的學習應主要集中在練習題上。

That being said, how you approach practice questions also matters.

這就是說，你如何對待練習題也很重要。

Most students will proudly proclaim how many practice questions they got through in their

大多數學生都會自豪地宣稱，他們已經通過了多少個練習題。

last study session, but that’s missing the point.

上一次研究會，但這沒有說明問題。

It’s not the quantity, but rather the quality that counts.

重要的不是數量，而是品質。

To get the most out of each practice session, you need to approach each question as if it

為了從每次練習中獲得最大收益，你需要把每個問題都當作是

were the real thing.

是真正的東西。

If you don’t know how to solve it, don’t just read the correct answer and explanation.

如果你不知道如何解決，不要只看正確答案和解釋。

Give it considerable effort before you review an equation or other helpful piece of information.

在審查一個方程式或其他有用的資訊之前，要付出相當大的努力。

And if that’s still not enough to answer the question confidently, go back through

如果這仍然不足以自信地回答這個問題，請回頭看一下

your notes and create what you feel to be a perfect answer.

你的筆記，並創建你覺得是完美的答案。

Only then should you check the correct answer and see how yours compares.

只有這樣，你才應該檢查正確答案，看看你的答案與之相比如何。

If you still get the question wrong even after all of that, then you know that there’s

如果你在做完這一切後仍然做錯題，那麼你就知道，有

a major gap in your understanding that needs to be addressed.

你的理解中存在一個需要解決的重大差距。

Although this method of going through practice questions takes longer than the normal technique

雖然這種通過練習題的方法比正常的技術需要更長的時間

of viewing the correct answer, reading the explanation, and moving on, it leaves you

查看正確的答案，閱讀解釋，然後繼續前進，它讓你

with a much better understanding of the material.

對材料有了更深入的瞭解。

Shortcutting by viewing the correct answer and explanation when you’re stuck severely

當你被嚴重卡住時，通過查看正確答案和解釋來實現捷徑。

limits your rate of progress and prevents you from deeply understanding the material.

限制了你的進步速度，使你無法深入理解材料。

Approaching practice questions in this slower, more intentional way will likely feel frustrating

以這種較慢的、更有意的方式接近練習題，很可能會感到沮喪

at first.

起初。

You’ll probably have to go back through your notes many times – and even then you

你可能不得不多次回顧你的筆記--即便如此，你也會

might still get questions wrong.

可能還是會弄錯問題。

However, making mistakes and learning from them is the whole point of practice problems.

然而，犯錯並從中學習是練習題的全部意義。

Your rate of going through problems decreases, but your rate of learning accelerates.

你經歷問題的速度會下降，但你的學習速度會加快。

Approaching practice problems in this way also gives you the opportunity to create systems

以這種方式處理練習題，也讓你有機會創建系統

that avoid small, mindless mistakes.

這可以避免小的、無意識的錯誤。

A common example is forgetting to write the units in physics problems, which will earn

一個常見的例子是，在物理問題中忘記寫組織、部門，這將會使你獲得

you an incorrect answer on test day.

在考試當天，你會得到一個錯誤的答案。

For this particular example, I recommend drawing a rectangle around your final answer and making

對於這個特殊的例子，我建議在你的最終答案周圍畫一個矩形，然後讓

it extend farther out to the right, thereby giving some blank space after the number.

它向右延伸得更遠，從而在數字後面提供一些空白。

This will be your cue to remind you to always write the units down.

這將是你的提示，提醒你一定要寫下組織、部門。

In contrast to physics, chemistry, and genetics, however, biology classes tend to be a blend

然而，與物理學、化學和遺傳學相比，生物課往往是一個混合體。

of both memorization and critical thinking.

記憶和批判性思維都是如此。

As such, you should focus both on practice problems and flashcards for memorization.

是以，你應該既注重練習題，又注重記憶用的閃卡。

Sometimes your ability to answer a practice question will be less dependent on your ability

有時，你回答練習題的能力將不太取決於你的能力

to reason your way through and more on whether or not you know a particular fact or set of

你可以通過推理，而更多的是看你是否知道一個特定的事實或一組數據。

facts.

事實。

That being said, for many subjects within biology, memorization alone is not enough

也就是說，對於生物學中的許多科目，僅靠背誦是不夠的。

– you’ll also need to have a good understanding of how the information fits together.

- 你還需要很好地理解這些資訊是如何結合在一起的。

For instance, knowing the names of all the enzymes and intermediates involved in glycolysis

例如，瞭解參與糖酵解的所有酶和中間產物的名稱

and the citric acid cycle isn’t too helpful unless you also understand how they fit into

除非你也瞭解它們是如何融入檸檬酸循環的，否則對你沒有太大的幫助。

the bigger picture.

大局觀。

If you were tested on what would happen if you introduced a competitive inhibitor of

如果對你進行測試，如果你引入一個競爭性的抑制劑，會發生什麼？

phosphofructokinase, for instance, you should be able to say how this would affect the rest

例如，你應該能夠說出這將如何影響其餘的磷酸果糖激酶。

of the process, which substrates and products would increase, and which ones would decrease.

的過程，哪些底物和產品會增加，哪些會減少。

Although flashcards are helpful for memorizing facts and labels, they aren’t ideal for

儘管抽認卡對記憶事實和標籤有幫助，但它們並不適合用於

learning how things are organized or how they relate to each other – which is just as,

學習事物的組織方式或它們之間的關係--這也是如此。

if not even more, important.

如果不是更重要的話。

Think about it this way, you can have all the ingredients necessary to bake a cake,

這樣想吧，你可以擁有烤制蛋糕所需的所有材料。

but if you don’t know how much of each to use, how to mix them together, what temperature

但是，如果你不知道每一種要用多少，如何將它們混合在一起，在什麼溫度下使用？

to bake them at, and for how long, you’re probably not going to end up with a very good

在什麼時候烤，烤多久，你可能不會得到一個非常好的結果。

cake.

蛋糕。

When learning step-wise biological processes, techniques such as summary sheets, drawing

在按部就班地學習生物過程時，諸如總結表、畫圖等技術

mind maps and diagrams, and the Feynman technique are much more effective.

思維導圖和圖表，以及費曼技術都更有效。

Whereas flashcards are good for dialing in the small details, these techniques force

閃存卡對撥弄小細節有好處，而這些技巧則迫使

you to organize those details, make connections, and understand how they fit into the bigger

你要組織這些細節，建立聯繫，並理解它們如何融入更大的範圍。

picture.

圖片。

Once you’ve built a foundation of memorization and organized the information, however, you

然而，一旦你建立了記憶的基礎並組織了資訊，你就可以

should start going through practice questions using the same approach we discussed previously.

應該用我們之前討論的方法開始進行練習題。

Create an answer you are confident in and then check it with the correct answer.

創建一個你有信心的答案，然後用正確的答案進行檢查。

Remember, the goal of practice questions isn’t to do as many as you can, but rather to learn

記住，練習題的目的不是做得越多越好，而是為了學習

from your experiences and your mistakes.

從你的經驗和你的錯誤中。

Your study strategies are only one piece of the puzzle.

你的學習策略只是拼圖的一個部分。

If you truly want to optimize your studying, there are other factors you need to consider.

如果你真的想優化你的學習，你還需要考慮其他因素。

First is your study schedule.

首先是你的學習計劃。

Understand how your energy and focus waxes and wanes throughout the day and organize

瞭解你的精力和注意力在一天中是如何消退的，並組織好

your schedule accordingly.

你的日程安排也是如此。

You want to study during the times of the day where you are most sharp and focused and

你想在一天中你最敏銳和最集中的時間學習，並且

use any slump in energy for less cognitively demanding tasks.

將任何不穩定的能量用於認知要求較低的任務。

For me, I know that my focus is sharpest in the morning but dips in the afternoon before

對我來說，我知道我的注意力在上午是最敏銳的，但在下午之前會有所下降。

peaking again later in the evening.

傍晚時分再次達到高峰。

As such, during college and medical school, I would schedule my study time in the morning

是以，在大學和醫學院期間，我將學習時間安排在上午

and in the evening.

並在晚上。

During the hours in between, I would strategically schedule chores, exercise, and other daily

在這中間的時間裡，我將戰略性地安排家務、鍛鍊和其他日常工作。

tasks and use them as a break between study blocks.

任務，並將其作為學習區間的休息時間。

Next is your study environment.

接下來是你的學習環境。

You may not realize it, but the location in which you study heavily influences your energy

你可能沒有意識到，但你學習的地點在很大程度上影響了你的能量。

levels, ability to focus, emotions, and much more.

水準、集中注意力的能力、情緒，以及更多。

It’s all about finding what works best for you.

關鍵是要找到最適合你的方法。

For some students, studying at home in a quiet environment is the best way to focus on the

對於一些學生來說，在家裡安靜的環境中學習是集中精力的最佳方式。

work at hand.

著手的工作。

For others, studying at the coffee shop or library and being surrounded by other people

對其他人來說，在咖啡館或圖書館學習，並被其他人所包圍

who are also working helps motivate them to be productive.

願意和同樣在工作的人一起工作，有助於激發他們的工作熱情。

Whatever the case, find what works for you and stick to it.

不管是什麼情況，找到適合你的方法並堅持下去。

Be mindful that how fun or enjoyable a space is doesn’t necessarily mean that it’s

請注意，一個空間有多麼有趣或令人愉快，並不一定意味著它是

more conducive to focused studying.

更利於集中學習。

Next, should you study in a group or study alone?

接下來，你應該在小組中學習還是獨自學習？

The answer is that you should do both.

答案是，你應該兩者都做。

Studying alone has its benefits as does studying in a group.

獨自學習有其好處，在小組中學習也有好處。

Which one you choose at any given time comes down to what you are trying to accomplish

在任何時候，你選擇哪一種，都要看你要完成什麼任務。

during that particular study session.

在那個特定的學習會議期間。

Studying alone helps minimize distractions which often allows you to study more intensely

獨自學習有助於最大限度地減少分心，這往往使你能夠更專注地學習。

and for longer periods of time.

而且時間更長。

This is ideal when you are first learning information and are trying to go through the

當你第一次學習資訊時，這是理想的，並試圖通過

material at a faster pace.

材料的速度更快。

Studying in a group, on the other hand, often allows you to work through and reinforce difficult

另一方面，在小組中學習，往往可以讓你解決和加強困難的問題。

concepts while keeping you motivated and sane.

概念，同時保持你的動力和理智。

That being said, groups should be small.

這就是說，小組應該是小規模的。

Study with only 1 or 2 other people.

只和1或2個人一起學習。

Larger groups have rapidly diminishing returns in that you will more than likely get distracted

較大的群體有迅速減少的回報，因為你很可能會分心。

and your productivity will plummet.

而你的生產力將急劇下降。

One of the biggest advantages of group study sessions, however, is the ability to teach

然而，小組學習課程的最大優勢之一是能夠教授

what you’ve learned.

你學到了什麼。

This teaching reinforces the material for yourself and helps out your fellow classmates.

這種教學為自己加強了材料，並幫助了你的同學。

This is called the Feynman Technique and it is incredibly powerful.

這被稱為 "費曼技術"，它具有令人難以置信的力量。

We cover this topic in-depth in our How to Study More Effectively video - link in the

我們在《如何更有效地學習》視頻中深入介紹了這一主題--鏈接在

description.

描述。

If you aren’t using this technique already, I suggest you start.

如果你還沒有使用這種技術，我建議你開始使用。

Last is to optimize your physical health.

最後是優化你的身體健康。

Although this isn’t necessarily a study technique or strategy, it’s just as, if

雖然這不一定是一種學習技巧或策略，但它也是一樣的，如果

not even more, important for your performance during college.

甚至更多，對你在大學期間的表現很重要。

Improvements in your physical health have been shown to be beneficial for cognition

身體健康的改善已被證明對認知有好處

and memory.

和記憶。

As such, neglecting your physical health leaves a lot of performance on the table.

是以，忽視你的身體健康會讓你的很多表現落空。

The three pillars that you should focus on are sleep, nutrition, and exercise.

你應該關注的三大支柱是睡眠、營養和鍛鍊。

When any one of these is lacking, you won’t be able to perform at the top of your game.

當其中任何一個缺乏時，你將無法在你的遊戲中發揮最高水準。

Although it sounds obvious, the reason that most students neglect these is time.

雖然這聽起來很明顯，但大多數學生忽視這些的原因是時間。

While in college, it can feel like there is too much to do and not enough time to do it;

在大學期間，可能會感覺有太多的事情要做，而沒有足夠的時間去做。

however, when you better optimize your time, you’ll often find that there’s much more

然而，當你更好地優化你的時間時，你往往會發現，有更多的

of it than you realized.

比你意識到的更多。

To learn more about the benefits of sleep, exercise, and nutrition and how to optimize

要了解更多關於睡眠、運動和營養的好處以及如何優化

your schedule to make time for all of them, be sure to check out How to Rank First in

你的日程安排，以騰出時間給所有的人，一定要看看《如何讓自己的排名排在第一？

Medical School | The (Not So) Obvious Truth on the Kevin Jubbal, M.D.

醫學院--關於凱文-朱巴爾醫學博士的（不那麼）明顯的真相。

channel – link in the description.

頻道--描述中的鏈接。

Although doing well in your prerequisite science courses during college is challenging, I believe

雖然在大學期間做好先修的科學課程是具有挑戰性的，但我相信

that with the right strategies and the right approach, any student can be a top performer.

有了正確的策略和正確的方法，任何學生都可以成為一名優秀的運動員。

But if your goal is to get into medical school and become a physician, doing well in your

但是，如果你的目標是進入醫學院併成為一名醫生，那麼在你的考試中表現出色

college courses is only one piece of the puzzle.

大學課程只是拼圖的一個部分。

The path of getting into medical school is arduous, with complexities, nuances, and roadblocks

進入醫學院的道路是艱辛的，有複雜的情況，有細微的差別，還有路障

that can stop even the most ambitious of premedical students.

即使是最有雄心壯志的醫學預科學生，也會被阻止。

If your dream is to become a doctor but you find yourself overwhelmed, be sure to check

如果你的夢想是成為一名醫生，但你發現自己不知所措，請務必查看

out the Med School Insiders Premed Roadmap to Medical School Acceptance course.

出了醫學院內部人士的《醫學院錄取路線圖》課程。

Our team of top physicians came together and built this course from the ground up to streamline

我們的頂級醫生團隊走到一起，從頭開始建立這個課程，以簡化

your entire college experience into a single high-yield resource.

你的整個大學經歷成為一個單一的高收益資源。

This is the guide we wish we had back as premeds ourselves, as it would have helped us avoid

這就是我們希望自己當年作為預科生時擁有的指南，因為它可以幫助我們避免

countless mistakes and made the process much smoother and less stressful.

無數的錯誤，使這個過程更加順利，壓力更小。

This includes guidance you won’t find anywhere else.

這包括你在其他地方找不到的指導。

The course was created by top physicians who secured acceptances to multiple top programs,

該課程是由獲得多個頂級項目錄取的頂尖醫生創建的。

including schools that fought over us by throwing large merit-based scholarships to sway our

包括那些為了爭奪我們而拋出大筆擇優錄取的獎學金來動搖我們的學校。

decision.

決定。

It’s a great position to be in, and we’ll show you how it’s done.

這是一個很好的位置，我們將向你展示它是如何做到的。

If you’re ready to optimize your path to becoming a doctor and take control of your

如果你已經準備好優化你的醫生之路，並控制你的生活。

future, learn more at MedSchoolInsiders.com or click the link in the shelf below this

未來，請在MedSchoolInsiders.com上了解更多資訊，或點擊下面這個架子上的鏈接。

video.

視頻。

Members of this channel get an exclusive members-only discount.

這個頻道的會員可以獲得會員專屬的折扣。

Thank you all so much for watching.

非常感謝大家的觀看。

If you enjoyed this video, be sure to check out our Study Strategies and Tips Playlist

如果你喜歡這個視頻，請務必查看我們的學習策略和技巧播放列表

or this other video.

或這個其他視頻。

Much love, and I’ll see you guys there.

非常感謝，我們會在那裡見到你們。