What you’re looking at is our first encounter touching the sun!

你所看到的是我們第一次接觸到太陽的情況!

That’s right, thanks to the Parker Solar Probe we’re up close and personal with our

這是正確的，由於帕克太陽探測器，我們可以近距離接觸到我們的

host star.

主持明星。

And just one step closer to understanding space weather and so much more about how the

而且離了解空間天氣和關於如何使用空間天氣的更多資訊僅一步之遙。

Sun impacts life right here on Earth.

太陽就在地球上影響著生命。

So the thought of traditionally “touching” the Sun is vastly different than, let's say,

是以，傳統上 "觸摸 "太陽的想法與比方說，有很大的不同。

going to the surface of Mars.

去火星的表面。

And that’s because the Sun doesn’t have a solid surface that we can physically touch,

這是因為太陽沒有一個我們可以實際觸摸的固體表面。

even if we had some ridiculously “fire-radiation proof” suit to make it happen!

即使我們有一些可笑的 "防火防輻射 "的衣服來實現它!

Instead, the upper atmosphere is an extension of its surface held in place by the overwhelming

相反，上層大氣是其表面的延伸，被壓倒性的東西固定在那裡。

gravitational pull and magnetic forces of the Sun.

太陽的引力和磁力。

The further you get from the core, the weaker these forces become.

你離核心越遠，這些力量就越弱。

Eventually reaching a point known as the Alfvén Critical Surface where the atmosphere of the

最終達到一個被稱為阿爾芬臨界面的點，那裡的大氣

Sun ends.

太陽結束。

And from here we begin to observe solar wind.

而從這裡開始，我們開始觀察太陽風。

Solar wind is made up of streams of charged particles and gas that are propelled by the

太陽風是由帶電粒子和氣體流組成的，這些粒子和氣體流由以下因素推動

Sun at millions of kilometers per second throughout the Solar System.

在整個太陽系中，太陽以每秒數百萬公里的速度運行。

These particles can ultimately damage our satellites,

這些粒子最終會損害我們的衛星。

like those used for GPS and phone calls.

像用於GPS和電話的那些。

But one the most important questions that Parker needed to answer is where this Alfvén

但是，帕克需要回答的一個最重要的問題是，這個阿爾夫文在哪裡？

Critical surface is. And in 2021, Parker made a historic discovery.

關鍵面是。而在2021年，帕克做出了一個歷史性的發現。

After spending five hours within the upper atmosphere, the probe observed that both the

在上層大氣中呆了5個小時後，探測器觀察到，兩個

energy and pressure of the Sun’s magnetic field were stronger than that of the particles

太陽磁場的能量和壓力比粒子的能量和壓力強。

within it.

在它裡面。

This meant that the forces from the Sun were strong enough to maintain control of the particles,

這意味著來自太陽的力量足以維持對粒子的控制。

essentially keeping them close to the center of the sun.

基本上使它們接近太陽的中心。

However, when Parker rose further away, the reverse was apparent. The forces were no

然而，當帕克上升到更遠的地方時，情況就明顯相反了。這些力量並沒有

longer strong enough to trap the particles and they were propelled into the Solar System.

在這一過程中，由於其強度不再足以捕獲這些粒子，它們被推進了太陽系。

This was evidence that Parker passed through the Alfvén Critical surface, like flying into

這是帕克通過阿爾芬臨界面的證據，就像飛進了

the eye of a hurricane, where it’s most calm, and then returning to a barrage of wind.

颶風的眼睛，那裡是最平靜的，然後又回到了風的海洋。

And even more surprising the critical surface is not a perfect sphere. Parker detected that

而更令人驚訝的是，臨界面不是一個完美的球體。帕克檢測到

it’s actually made up of spikes and valleys.

它實際上是由尖峰和谷底組成的。

But overall, scientists finally determined the end of the Sun's atmosphere, at approximately

但總的來說，科學家們最終確定了太陽大氣層的終點，大約在

13 million kilometers from the surface.

距離地表1300萬公里。

As Parker continued deeper into the upper atmosphere, it made additional observations

隨著帕克繼續深入到高層大氣，它進行了額外的觀察

of detailed features, like Pseudostreamers.

的詳細特徵，如偽流氓。

And you might recognize these as the huge ribbon like structures from photos of solar

而你可能會從太陽能的照片中認出這些巨大的帶狀結構。

eclipses here on Earth.

在地球上的日食。

But one interesting fact that scientists observed within the pseudostreamer region, was a reduction

但是，科學家們在偽流媒體區域內觀察到的一個有趣的事實是，減少了

in what we call switchbacks, which might be why we see such unpredictable, powerful bursts

在我們所稱的迴旋處，這可能是為什麼我們看到如此不可預測的、強大的爆發的原因

of energetic particles from the Sun.

來自太陽的高能粒子。

In 1995, scientists observed S-shaped kinks in the magnetic field of solar wind near the

1995年，科學家們在太陽風的磁場中觀察到S形的扭結，靠近

Sun's poles, thanks to the Ulysses mission.

太陽的兩極，感謝 "尤利西斯 "任務。

Then in 2019 Parker’s data revealed an unexpected discovery.

然後在2019年，帕克的數據顯示了一個意外的發現。

Before the new insight from Parker, scientists believed that switchbacks were rare and only

在帕克提出新的見解之前，科學家們認為彎道是罕見的，只在

occurred at the Sun's poles.

發生在太陽的兩極。

However, Parker saw familiar signs of magnetic field lines that zig-zagged back and forth

然而，帕克看到了熟悉的磁場線的跡象，這些磁場線呈 "之 "字形來回排列

throughout the upper atmosphere.

整個高層大氣。

And now scientists have evidence to support that switchbacks are common in solar wind…at

而現在，科學家們有證據支持，在太陽風中，迴旋是常見的......在

least near the Sun’s surface.

至少在太陽的表面附近。

And since solar wind is constantly flowing from the Sun, scientists think that understanding

而由於太陽風不斷地從太陽中流出，科學家們認為，瞭解

switchbacks will help us fully understand space weather.

掣肘將幫助我們充分了解空間天氣。

As Parker continues to spiral closer to the Sun prepping for its closest flyby in 2025

隨著帕克繼續螺旋式地接近太陽，準備在2025年進行最近的飛越。

at 6.2 million kilometers, researchers now have a better idea of what to look for.

在620萬公里的範圍內，研究人員現在對要尋找的東西有了更好的瞭解。

And I have no doubt that we’ll slowly begin to unravel even more about the mysteries of

而且我毫不懷疑，我們將慢慢開始揭開更多關於 "中國 "的神祕面紗。

switchbacks, the inner workings of the Alfvén Critical Surface and how the Sun ultimately

逆轉，阿爾芬臨界面的內部運作以及太陽最終如何

impacts our satellites and sometimes even life here on Earth.

影響我們的衛星，有時甚至影響地球上的生命。

So which discovery do you think was the most important?

那麼，你認為哪個發現是最重要的？

Let us know in the comments below.

請在下面的評論中告訴我們。

Make sure to subscribe and thanks for watching.

請務必訂閱，並感謝您的觀看。