And I’m Sam.

而我是山姆。

The Olympic Games happen every four years and the most recent games were held  

奧運會每四年舉行一次，最近的一次運動會是在2008年舉行的。

in Tokyo this summer. Did you watch them, Sam?

今年夏天在東京。你看了他們嗎，山姆？

Yes, I saw British swimmer,  Adam Peaty, win a gold medal, 

是的，我看到英國游泳運動員亞當-皮蒂贏得了一枚金牌。

and my personal favourite was 13-year-old, Sky Brown,  

而我個人最喜歡的是13歲的斯凱-布朗。

competing in an exciting sport

爭奪一項激動人心的運動

which was added  to the Olympics this year: skateboarding.

今年被加入奧運會的是滑板運動。

Olympic athletes inspire people around the world to take on new challenges,

奧運會運動員激勵著世界各地的人們去迎接新的挑戰。

eat healthily and get fit. So it seems strange that some of the companies that

吃得健康，身體健康。是以，似乎很奇怪，一些公司

sponsor – or pay for - the Olympic Games also sell food and drink which is

贊助--或支付--奧運會的公司也銷售食品和飲料，這就是所謂的 "小商品"。

linked to obesity, heart disease and diabetes.

與肥胖症、心臟病和糖尿病有關。

Tobacco advertising was banned from international sport in 2005

2005年，國際體育界禁止菸草廣告。

because of the harmful effects of smoking. But other companies selling

因為吸菸的有害影響。但其他銷售公司

less-than-healthy products still sponsor big sporting events.

不太健康的產品仍然贊助大型體育賽事。

These could be sugary drinks companies, or others who sell fast food

這些公司可能是含糖飲料公司，或其他銷售快餐的公司。

– hot food, like hamburgers, that is quick to cook and

- 熱的食物，如漢堡包，可以快速烹調，並且

serve but which is often unhealthy.

服務，但這往往是不健康的。

In this programme, we’ll be asking whether it’s right for companies selling unhealthy

在本節目中，我們將問，對於銷售不健康的公司來說，這是否合適？

products to sponsor sporting events.

產品來贊助體育賽事。

But first it’s time for my quiz question, Sam.

但首先是我的問答問題，山姆。

McDonalds had a long history with the Olympic Games until the company

麥當勞與奧林匹克運動會有著悠久的歷史，直到該公司

ended the partnership ahead of the 2024 games in Paris.

在2024年巴黎奧運會之前結束了這種合作關係。

But why did McDonalds choose to quit? Was it because:

但為什麼麥當勞選擇退出？是不是因為。

a) they wanted to change the name of French fries to McFries?

a) 他們想把薯條的名字改為McFries？

b) they didn’t want to call their hamburger ‘Le Big Mac’?

b) 他們不想把他們的漢堡包稱為 "巨無霸"？

or c) they wanted to be the only company selling cheese for cheeseburgers?

或c）他們想成為唯一一家銷售奶酪漢堡的公司？

Hmm, I think maybe it’s a) because they wanted to call French fries McFries.

嗯，我想也許是a）因為他們想把薯條叫做麥片。

OK, Sam, we’ll find out the answer later in the programme.

好的，薩姆，我們將在節目的後面找出答案。

Someone who is worried about the relationship between fast food and sport is

擔心快餐和體育之間關係的人是

Dr Sandro Demaio. He worked for the World Health Organisation

桑德羅-德馬伊奧博士。他曾為世界衛生組織工作。

specialising in obesity before starting his own public health agency in Australia.

在澳洲創辦自己的公共衛生機構之前，他專門研究了肥胖症。

Here is Dr Demaio speaking with BBC World Service programme, The Food Chain,  

以下是德馬伊奧博士在BBC世界服務節目《食物鏈》中的講話。

about the problem with unhealthy brands and food products:

關於不健康的品牌和食品的問題。

By having their brand alongside a young person’s favourite sporting hero, on the

通過將他們的品牌與年輕人最喜歡的體育英雄放在一起，在

chest of their national team, it does two things. First of all, it

他們國家隊的胸部，它做了兩件事。首先，它

creates brand attachment, so if you’re a young child you built

創造品牌依戀，所以如果你是一個年輕的孩子，你建立了

the connection in your mind that basically fast food equals success.

在你的頭腦中，基本上快餐就等於成功的聯繫。

At the same time it also gives a health halo to that brand.

同時，它也給該品牌戴上了健康的光環。

Then you start to think in your mind, even subconsciously, that it can’t be that bad…

然後你開始在心裡想，甚至下意識地想，它不可能那麼糟糕......。

You’ve probably heard of ‘brand loyalty’,  

你可能聽說過 "品牌忠誠度"。

where people have a favourite brand  

在那裡人們有一個最喜歡的品牌

they always buy, but Dr Demaio is concerned about brand attachment.

他們總是購買，但德馬伊奧博士擔心的是品牌依戀。

Brand attachment is the emotional connection between humans and brands.

品牌依戀是人類與品牌之間的情感聯繫。

It goes deeper than loyalty so that people mentally connect a  

它比忠誠度更深入，使人們在心理上把一個

particular company with feelings of winning, being healthy and success.

特定的公司有獲勝、健康和成功的感覺。

The problem comes when these feelings attach to companies that aren’t

問題是，當這些感覺附著在那些不屬於自己的公司上時。

healthy at all. Dr Demaio says this creates a health halo –

徹底的健康。

the belief that something is good, like an angel’s halo,  

相信某些東西是好的，就像天使的光環。

even though there is little evidence to support this.

儘管沒有什麼證據支持這一點。

On the other hand, fast food and fizzy drink companies 

另一方面，快餐和汽水飲料公司

invest large amounts of money in sport, over 4.5 billion 

在體育方面投資大量資金，超過45億

dollars since the 2016 Rio Olympics, much of it supporting athletes around the world.

自2016年裡約奧運會以來，美元，其中大部分用於支持世界各地的運動員。

Yes, with travel, training and equipment the cost of being 

是的，加上差旅費、培訓費和設備費等費用。

an Olympic athlete can be huge.

奧運會運動員可以是巨大的。

And depending on your country and your sport, there may be little financial help.

而且根據你的國家和你的運動，可能沒有什麼經濟幫助。

Many athletes are desperate for any sponsorship they can 

許多運動員不顧一切地尋求任何贊助，他們可以

get - but does that make it right to promote

得到 - 但這是否就意味著推動

unhealthy eating in return?

不健康的飲食作為回報？

Not according to Dr Demaio, who thinks people should 

德馬伊奧博士不這麼認為，他認為人們應該

worry about the nutritional value of fast food,  

擔心快餐的營養價值。

as he explained to BBC World Service’s, The Food Chain:

正如他向英國廣播公司世界頻道的《食物鏈》節目所解釋的那樣。

When we think about foods and beverages of public health concern,

當我們想到公共健康問題的食品和飲料時。

we tend to start by talking about highly-processed foods, particularly

我們傾向於從談論高度加工的食品開始，特別是

ultra-processed foods. These are foods that have been

超加工食品。這些是已經被

really broken down to their kind of basic elements and then

真正分解到他們的基本要素，然後

built up - they’re more products really than foods – you know,

建立起來的--他們更多的是產品，而不是食物--你知道。

they’re made in a laboratory not a kitchen.

它們是在實驗室而不是在廚房製造的。

Dr Demaio mentions unhealthy foods and beverages – another word for drinks.

德馬伊奧博士提到了不健康的食物和飲料--另一個詞是飲料。

He’s concerned about the public health risk of ultra-processed food –

foods containing extra ingredients like chemicals, colourings and sweeteners 

含有化學品、色素和甜味劑等額外成分的食品

that you wouldn’t add when cooking homemade food.

你在烹飪自制食物時不會添加的。

A potato, for example, is natural - minimally processed. 

例如，一個洋芋是天然的--最少的加工。

Bake a potato and it becomes ‘processed’.

烘烤馬鈴薯，它就會成為 "加工品"。

Make French fries and it’s ‘ultra-processed’.

做法式薯條，就是'超加工'。

And speaking of French fries, Neil, what was the answer to your quiz question?

說到薯條，尼爾，你的問答問題的答案是什麼？

Yes, I asked Sam the reason behind the  

是的，我問過薩姆背後的原因。

decision McDonald’s made not to sponsor the 2024 Paris Olympics.

麥當勞做出了不讚助2024年巴黎奧運會的決定。

And I said it was a) because they wanted to call French fries McFries.

我說這是a）因為他們想把炸薯條叫做麥片。

Which was… the wrong answer, I'm afraid. In fact, McDonald’s wanted to be only company  

這恐怕是......錯誤的答案。事實上，麥當勞想成為唯一的公司

allowed to advertise cheese so it could boost cheeseburger sales.

允許為奶酪做廣告，這樣可以促進奶酪漢堡的銷售。

This didn’t go down well with officials in France, a country with over a thousand  

法國的官員們對此並不滿意，這個國家有一千多人。

different types of cheese!

不同類型的奶酪!

OK, let’s recap the vocabulary from this programme starting with fast food

好吧，讓我們從快餐開始，回顧一下這個節目的詞彙

– hot food that is quick to cook but may be unhealthy.

- 煮得快但可能不健康的熱食。

Companies that sponsor sports events, pay for them to happen.

贊助體育賽事的公司，為它們的發生而付費。

Brand attachment is a psychological connection between someone and a brand.

品牌依戀是一個人和一個品牌之間的心理聯繫。

A health halo is the perception that something is healthy for you, even if it’s not.

健康光環是指認為某些東西對你是健康的，即使它不是。

Ultra-processed foods are foods containing added 

超加工食品是指含有添加了

artificial ingredients like colourings and preservatives.

人工成分，如著色劑和防腐劑。

And a beverage is another word for a drink.

而飲料是飲品的另一個詞。

That’s all from us, but if you’d like to find out more about the business,  

這就是我們的全部內容，但如果你想了解更多關於企業的情況。

science and culture of food, why not download The Food Chain podcast!

如果你想了解食物的科學和文化，為什麼不下載《食物鏈》播客？

– it’s updated weekly and available now.

- 它每週更新一次，現在可以使用。

Join us again soon for more topical discussion and vocabulary

很快就會再次加入我們，參加更多的專題討論和詞彙。

here at 6 Minute English. Bye for now!

在這裡，6分鐘英語。暫時告別!

Goodbye!

再見!

Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English. I'm Dan.

你好，歡迎來到6分鐘英語。我是丹。

And I'm Neil.

而我是尼爾。

Now, Neil, do you like going to live football matches?

現在，尼爾，你喜歡去看現場足球比賽嗎？

Oh yes, I love it.

哦，是的，我喜歡它。

Is it better than watching them on TV?

這比在電視上看他們好嗎？

Well, you don’t really see as much as you do on TV, 

嗯，你並不像在電視上看到的那樣多。

but then on TV you don’t really feel the atmosphere. 

但在電視上，你並不能真正感受到這種氣氛。

You can’t sing along with the chants and songs at home.

你不能在家裡跟著聖歌和歌曲一起唱。

Well, it’s good you mentioned the songs and chants 

好吧，你提到了歌曲和聖歌，這很好。

because that is today’s topic. It seems that for some 

因為這就是今天的主題。似乎對於一些

football clubs, the atmosphere in the stadiums is becoming a bit ‘quiet’.

足球俱樂部，體育場內的氣氛正變得有點 "安靜"。

Now, before we look at this topic in more detail,  

現在，在我們更詳細地研究這個話題之前。

here is today’s quiz.

這裡是今天的測驗。

As we are talking about football, in which decade

由於我們談論的是足球，在哪個年代

was the first ever international football played?

第一場國際足球比賽是在哪裡舉行的？

Is it a) in the 1870s,

是a）在19世紀70年代。

b) in the 1890s or

b) 在19世紀90年代或

c) in the 1910s.

c）在1910年代。

I could be wrong but I think it was before the turn of 

我可能是錯的，但我認為這是在轉折之前。

the century, so I’ll say the 1890s.

世紀，所以我就說是1890年代。

Well, we'll see if you're right or not later in the show.  

好吧，我們將在節目的後期看到你是否正確。

Now, songs and chants are part of the experience of football matches.  

現在，歌曲和聖歌是足球比賽經驗的一部分。

But where do they come from? What are they about?

但它們從哪裡來？它們是關於什麼的？

Here’s Joe Wilson from BBC Sport.

這裡是BBC體育的喬-威爾遜。

Which team name does he mention?

他提到了哪個球隊的名字？

Some songs can be witty, honed specifically to celebrate 

有些歌曲可以是詼諧的，專門用來慶祝

a certain player or moment in a club’s history. Others rely 

俱樂部歷史上的某個球員或某個時刻。其他人則依靠

more on a hypnotic repetition of syllables. U-NI-TED, for example.

更多的是對音節的催眠式重複。例如，U-NI-TED。

So, which team does he mention?

那麼，他提到的是哪支球隊？

Well, he used the syllables from United. This isn’t one team 

嗯，他用了曼聯的音節。這不是一個團隊

as there are quite a few professional teams in Britain 

因為英國有相當多的職業球隊

that have United in their names. In fact, there are over a 

在他們的名字中含有美聯航。事實上，有超過

dozen. Perhaps the most well-known though would be Manchester United.

一打。也許最著名的是曼聯。

I think fans of Welling United might argue with you about 

我想威靈頓的球迷可能會和你爭論一下

that! Anyway, what did Wilson say about the nature of 

這一點!總之，威爾遜是怎麼說的？

football songs?

足球歌曲？

He said they could be witty. Witty means funny but in a 

他說他們可以很機智。詼諧的意思是有趣，但在一個

clever way. He also said that they could be honed.

聰明的方式。他還說，它們可以被磨練。

Honed is an interesting word here. Something that is 

在這裡，Honed是一個有趣的詞。有些東西是

honed is carefully crafted, skilfully created and developed over a period of time.

磨練是在一段時間內精心製作，巧妙地創造和發展。

When it comes to witty football songs Wilson describes 

說到詼諧的足球歌曲，威爾遜介紹說

them as being honed to be about a particular player,  

他們被磨練成關於一個特定的球員。

or a moment in a club’s history. But these aren’t the only kinds 

或俱樂部歷史上的某一時刻。但這些並不是唯一的種類

of songs. Another kind of song he describes is the hypnotic repetition of syllables.

的歌曲。他描述的另一種歌曲是音節的催眠式重複。

Something that is hypnotic repeats again and again – 

有催眠作用的東西會反覆出現------。

like a magical spell or chant. What’s interesting is that in football songs  

像一個神奇的咒語或頌歌。有趣的是，在足球歌曲中

words can have more syllables than you would expect.

詞語的音節可能比你想象的要多。

Oh yes, for example, let’s take England. Two syllables, right?

哦，對了，比如說，我們拿英國來說。兩個音節，對嗎？

Right!

對了!

Wrong! At least in a football stadium it becomes  

錯了!至少在足球場上，它變成了

three syllables. Eng – ger – land, Eng – ger – land …

三個音節。Eng - ger - land, Eng - ger - land ...

Alright! Thank you! Let’s listen to Mr Wilson again.

好的！謝謝謝謝你！讓我們再來聽聽威爾遜先生的發言。

Some songs can be witty, honed specifically to celebrate 

有些歌曲可以是詼諧的，專門用來慶祝

a certain player or moment in a club’s history. Others 

俱樂部歷史上的某個球員或某個時刻。其他

rely more on a hypnotic repetition of syllables.  

更多依靠的是音節的催眠式重複。

U-NI-TED, for example.

例如，U-NI-TED。

Now, apparently, in many stadiums, the crowds aren’t 

現在，很明顯，在許多體育場，觀眾並不

singing as much as they used to. Some managers have complained that the fans  

唱歌像以前一樣多。一些經理抱怨說，球迷

are too quiet and that this has a negative effect on the players.  

太安靜了，這對球員產生了負面的影響。

So what are some of the reasons for this? Here’s BBC Sport’s Joe Wilson again. 

那麼，這其中有哪些原因呢？這裡又是BBC體育的喬-威爾遜。

How many reasons does he mention?

他提到了多少個理由？

The decline in singing may be explained by changing demographics in football  

唱歌的減少可能是由於足球人口結構的變化所造成的

attendance. Older supporters, more expensive tickets.  

出勤率。老年的支持者，更昂貴的門票。

Or by stadium design. All-seater arenas may

或者通過體育場館設計。全座席體育場可能

discourage the instinct to stand up and sing.

勸阻站起來唱歌的本能。

So, what reasons did he give for the decline in singing, 

那麼，他對唱歌的下降給出了什麼原因。

for the fact that singing is getting less common.

因為唱歌越來越不常見。

He gave a number of reasons. He talked about the change 

他給出了一些理由。他談到了變化

in demographics. 'Demographics' refers to a section of the

在人口統計學。人口統計學 "指的是一個部分

population that do a particular thing. It can refer to age groups or wealth, for example.

做某一特定事情的人口。例如，它可以指的是年齡組或財富。

What Wilson says is that the members that make up a 

威爾遜所說的是，組成一個

football crowd are changing. They are older and wealthier, 

足球人群正在發生變化。他們年齡更大，更富有。

and perhaps that is a demographic or group  

而這也許是一個人口統計學或群體

that is less likely to sing in public.

那就是不太可能在公開場合唱歌。

Another reason he gives is that sitting down might also discourage

他給出的另一個理由是，坐下來也可能會阻止

people from singing. If something discourages you,

人們不願意唱歌。如果有事情讓你灰心

it makes you not want to do it. Most stadiums in the UK have to have seats

這讓你不想去做。英國的大多數體育場館都必須有座位

and maybe singing is something that people feel happier doing

也許唱歌是人們感到更快樂的事情

when they are standing up.

當他們站起來的時候。

Well, the final whistle is about to blow on today’s programme.

好了，今天節目的最後一聲哨響即將吹響。

Before that though, here’s the answer to our quiz question.

不過在這之前，這裡是我們的問答問題的答案。

I asked you when the first international football match took place.

我問你第一次國際足球比賽是什麼時候舉行的。

And I took a guess with the 1890s.

而我對1890年代的情況進行了猜測。

And that's a red card, I'm afraid, Neil.

這恐怕是一張紅牌，尼爾。

The first international football match took place in the 1870s

第一場國際足球比賽發生在19世紀70年代

between England and Scotland.

在英格蘭和蘇格蘭之間。

Oh, come on ref!

哦，來吧，裁判。

And now, to take us to the whistle, let's review today’s vocabulary.

而現在，為了帶我們去吹哨子，讓我們回顧一下今天的詞彙。

The first word we had was 'witty'. A kind of humour that 

我們的第一個詞是 "詼諧"。一種幽默，即

is smart and clever.

聰明而機靈。

Then we had 'honed for something' that is crafted and improved over time.  

然後，我們有了'為某事而磨練'，隨著時間的推移而精心製作和改進。

A bit like my physique. I’ve been honing my body in the gym.

有點像我的體格。我一直在健身房裡磨練自己的身體。

Really? Are you being witty?

真的嗎？你是在耍嘴皮子嗎？

I wasn’t trying to! Anyhow, we then heard about 'hypnotic' repetition to describe the  

我並不是想這樣做!總之，我們後來聽說了 "催眠 "式的重複，以描述

effect of thousands of people repeating the syllables of a football team over and over 

成千上萬的人一遍又一遍地重複一個足球隊的音節的效果

and over and over and over and over and over…

一遍又一遍，一遍又一遍，一遍又一遍...

OK, Dan! OK, Dan! We use the phrase 'a decline in' to say 

好的，丹!好的，丹！我們用'a decline in'這個短語來表示

that something is getting less.

那東西越來越少。

'Demographics' refers to a group or section of the population

人口統計學'指的是人口中的一個群體或部分

that is involved a particular activity. And finally we had

這涉及到一個特定的活動。最後，我們有

the verb 'discourage' for something that makes us less likely to do something.

動詞 "勸阻 "表示使我們不太可能做某事。

Well, that is it for this programme. If you’re not interested in football,  

好了，這個節目就到此為止。如果你對足球不感興趣。

I hope we didn’t discourage you from listening again!

我希望我們沒有打消你再聽下去的念頭!

Indeed, I hope it doesn’t lead to a decline in our audience. 

的確，我希望這不會導致我們的觀眾減少。

We want to have as wide a demographic as possible.

我們希望有一個儘可能廣泛的人口群體。

So with that in mind, don't forget to find us on Facebook, Twitter,  

是以，考慮到這一點，別忘了在Facebook、Twitter上找到我們。

Instagram and YouTube, and, of course, on our website –

Instagram和YouTube，當然還有我們的網站----。

bbclearninenglish.com! Bye bye!

bbclearninenglish.com!再見!

Goodbye!

再見!

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning  

你好。這裡是BBC學習中心的6分鐘英語

English. I’m Neil.

英語。我是尼爾。

And I’m Georgina.

而我是喬治娜。

Can you swim, Georgina?

你會游泳嗎，喬治娜？

I can, Neil. I learned to swim as a child and now I enjoy

我可以，尼爾。我從小就學會了游泳，現在我很喜歡

swimming for exercise and to relax.

游泳是為了鍛鍊和放鬆。

In the summer hundreds of keen swimmers, like Georgina,