Rex.

雷克斯。

This is the actual size only about this much would have stuck out of the mouth with teeth.

這是實際尺寸，只有大約這麼大的尺寸會從嘴裡伸出牙齒來。

This big T rex could chew anything apart that it wanted literally.

這隻大霸王龍可以把任何它想吃的東西咬碎，真的。

It would grab animals and tear them into chunks and swallow the chunks whole bone and all.

它可以抓住動物，把它們撕成大塊，然後把大塊的骨頭和所有的東西全部吞下去。

Hi my name is Mark Lohan.

嗨，我的名字是馬克-羅漢。

I'm a paleontologist at the University of Utah and the Natural History Museum of Utah.

我是猶他大學和猶他州自然歷史博物館的古生物學家。

I love watching movies.

我喜歡看電影。

I love dinosaurs.

我喜歡恐龍。

I especially love dinosaur movies, Jurassic park 1993.

我特別喜歡恐龍電影，1993年的侏羅紀公園。

So the question is did dinosaurs make sounds?

是以，問題是恐龍是否會發出聲音？

Of course they did are the sounds of Jurassic park?

當然，他們做的是侏羅紀公園的聲音？

Realistic sure animals like T.

現實的肯定的動物，如T。

Rex had huge resonating chambers.

雷克斯有巨大的共鳴腔。

They had air sacs throughout their neck, into their lungs throughout their belly.

他們在整個脖子上都有氣囊，在整個腹部進入肺部。

This would have been part of the soundboard that brings the sound out on T rex the kind of sound that would stop your heart for a second.

這應該是聲板的一部分，它能把霸王龍的聲音帶出來，那種聲音會讓你的心臟停頓一秒鐘。

Don't move, can't see us if we don't move.

不要動，不動就看不到我們了。

The actual paleontologist who was the character study for Dr Alan Grant and also an advisor on the film was Dr Jack Horner.

作為艾倫-格蘭特博士的角色研究和電影顧問的實際古生物學家是傑克-霍納博士。

Jack Horner came up with the idea that the old factory portion of the brain is relatively bigger than it is in other dinosaurs.

傑克-霍納提出了一個想法，即大腦的老厂部分比其他恐龍相對更大。

So people started saying T rex had a really good sense of smell.

所以人們開始說霸王龍的嗅覺非常好。

Therefore T rex was a scavenger and then this went further to now t rex can't see very well.

是以，霸王龍是一個清道夫，然後這進一步發展到現在霸王龍看不清楚。

It just follows its nose around T rex had three dimensional binocular vision.

它只是跟著鼻子走，霸王龍有三維的雙眼視覺。

T rex had an overlapping field of view of about 60 degrees, which is more than something like a hawk today.

霸王龍有一個大約60度的重疊視野，這比今天的鷹這樣的東西要大。

We know that animals with binocular vision today are hunters.

我們知道，今天具有雙眼視覺的動物都是獵手。

We know that T rex could see quite well.

我們知道，霸王龍可以看得很清楚。

Dr Alan Grant bet his life and probably would have lost it in that situation.

艾倫-格蘭特博士以自己的生命為賭注，在那種情況下可能會失去生命。

No wonder you're extinct.

難怪你要滅絕了。

One of the interesting things about the lava saurus is they made it smaller than it really is.

關於熔岩薩龍的一個有趣的事情是他們把它做得比實際情況要小。

It's really about 25 to 30 ft long.

它實際上大約有25到30英尺長。

But that's only one of the real complaints.

但這只是真正的抱怨之一。

This is the worst dinosaur probably in the entire Jurassic park franchise.

這可能是整個侏羅紀公園系列中最糟糕的恐龍。

We have absolutely no evidence of that neck frill that came out of De La Thesaurus at the same time.

我們完全沒有證據表明同時出現在德拉-塞薩爾的那個脖子上的流蘇。

There are modern animals like the lizard that has that.

有一些現代動物，如蜥蜴，就有這種情況。

But we should actually be able to identify that in a dinosaur.

但是，我們實際上應該能夠在恐龍身上識別出這一點。

So that would be pure speculation.

是以，這將是純粹的猜測。

The real artistic license is in the idea that they're depicting De la Thesaurus as venomous.

真正的藝術許可是在他們把《德拉-塞巴斯蒂安》描繪成有毒的想法。

But how is it getting that venom from inside of its body outside onto nedra?

但是，它是如何將毒液從身體內部轉移到外面的奈德拉身上的呢？

Now, animals that spit venom.

現在，吐出毒液的動物。

They have hollow teeth that actually have poison glands connected to the top of that although tooth and it can inject the poison into that tooth under pressure to shoot it out.

它們有空心的牙齒，實際上有毒腺與該雖然牙齒的頂部相連，它可以在壓力下將毒液注入該牙齒，將其射出。

De La Thesaurus did not have hollow teeth.

德拉-塞薩爾沒有空心牙。

We have absolutely no evidence that any dinosaur was venomous much less that any dinosaur could spit that venom de La Thesaurus is literally the worst dinosaur in the Jurassic park franchise Jurassic world 2015.

我們完全沒有證據表明任何恐龍是有毒的，更沒有證據表明任何恐龍可以吐出毒液，德拉薩龍簡直就是《侏羅紀公園》系列電影《侏羅紀世界2015》中最糟糕的恐龍。

Fire stand down.

滅火器停用。

Delta.

三角洲。

I see you back up.

我看到你回來了。

Good, good darling.

好，好，親愛的。

The main problem its size.

主要問題是其規模。

We actually have exquisite fossils of velociraptor and this is what it's skull looks like.

我們實際上有精美的迅猛龍化石，這是它的頭骨的樣子。

In fact, if you had maybe a pair of work boots and a stick you could probably fend off this dinosaur.

事實上，如果你也許有一雙工作靴和一根棍子，你也許可以抵擋住這隻恐龍。

This is the sickle claw of velociraptor.

這是迅猛龍的鐮刀形爪子。

It's sharp and it would have had fingernail covering that would have made it even longer and sharper.

它很鋒利，而且它本來有指甲蓋，會使它更長、更鋒利。

But at the same time it's not the size of the dinosaurs in Jurassic park.

但同時，它又不是《侏羅紀公園》中的恐龍那麼大。

This sickle claw was found here in Utah.

這個鐮刀爪是在猶他州這裡發現的。

This is actually the sickle claw for Utah raptor and Utah raptor is the size of the velociraptors in Jurassic park.

這實際上是猶他猛禽的鐮刀爪，而猶他猛禽的大小與《侏羅紀公園》中的迅猛龍相當。

One of the things about velociraptor is we never find them together.

關於迅猛龍的一件事是我們從來沒有發現它們在一起。

So we don't know that velociraptors ran in packs.

所以我們不知道迅猛龍是成群結隊地奔跑。

We actually know that velociraptor was covered with feathers.

我們實際上知道，迅猛龍身上長滿了羽毛。

The velociraptors in Jurassic park don't have feathers because they weren't known at the time.

侏羅紀公園裡的迅猛龍沒有羽毛，因為當時還不知道有羽毛。

The movie came out.

電影出來了。

The Lost World 1997.

失落的世界1997》。

One of our problems is paleontologists with this is the size of the stegosaurus.

我們古生物學家在這方面的一個問題是劍龍的尺寸問題。

These are absolutely huge stegosaurus got big but they did not have nine ft long spikes at the end of their tail.

這些絕對是巨大的劍龍變得很大，但它們的尾巴末端並沒有九英尺長的尖刺。

So the plates on the back of stegosaurus?

那麼，劍龍背上的板塊？

The debate has been.

辯論一直在進行。

What are those four are they for display?

那四個是什麼是他們的展示？

Are they for protection?

他們是為了保護自己嗎？

Are they for thermal regulation?

它們是用於熱調節嗎？

Are the animals pumping blood into the plates to use them as a giant radiator.

動物們是否將血液泵入板塊，將其作為一個巨大的散熱器。

When we look at the entire their family of stegosaurus, not all of them have plates.

當我們看整個他們家族的劍龍時，並不是所有的劍龍都有板塊。

This would actually argue against them being used for thermal regulation.

這實際上反對將它們用於熱調節。

But almost certainly to me, the plates on a stegosaurus are for the same reason that your cat, when it gets frightened, will stand sideways, puff up its fur and look bigger.

但在我看來，幾乎可以肯定的是，劍龍身上的板塊與你的貓受到驚嚇時，會側身站立，鼓起毛髮，看起來更大的原因是一樣的。

It's a way for stegosaurus to say I'm too scary, I'm bigger than you even think I am.

這是劍龍說我太可怕的一種方式，我比你想象的還要大。

You probably don't want to mess with me and try to eat.

你可能不想惹我，想吃東西。

So the baby stegosaurus has really got some weird proportions.

所以小劍龍真的有一些奇怪的比例。

They got the fact right that it does have a big guy, but it also has some weird upturned snout to look like a puppy.

他們得到了正確的事實，即它確實有一個大傢伙，但它也有一些奇怪的上翹的鼻子，看起來像一隻小狗。

We don't have any ideas.

我們沒有任何想法。

Stegosaurus on to johnny would be any different than how most of the armored dinosaurs grew up.

劍龍上到約翰尼會和大多數裝甲恐龍的成長方式有什麼不同。

The fact that you're changing the angle of the roof of your skull is almost certainly not plausible.

你改變了你的顱頂的角度，這幾乎肯定是不靠譜的。

We do have some baby stegosaurus out there, one that actually would be about the size of a german shepherd.

我們確實有一些小劍龍在那裡，其中一個實際上會和德國牧羊犬差不多大。

Super cute.

超級可愛。

You'd want to meet it in a petting zoo.

你會想在一個寵物園裡見到它。

But at the same time some of the things that they're doing in this reconstruction are not legitimate stegosaurus would have to actually break its tail to actually turn its tail spikes downward.

但與此同時，他們在這個重建中所做的一些事情是不合法的，劍龍必須真正打破它的尾巴，才能真正把它的尾刺向下轉。

Like that lateral movements with their spikes are possible.

像這樣用他們的釘子進行橫向運動是可能的。

But a downward motion like that is not the absolute largest stegosaurus spike is right about 2.5 to 3 ft long, having The spikes that we're showing in some views of these animals where the spikes are this long.

但是，像這樣的向下運動並不是絕對最大的劍龍尖刺，大約是2.5到3英尺長，有 我們在這些動物的一些視圖中顯示的尖刺有這麼長。

That's a bit much really.

這真的有點多。

This is a trend that we see in the Jurassic Park franchise.

這是我們在《侏羅紀公園》系列中看到的一個趨勢。

If there's a chance to make it just a little bit bigger and therefore scarier, we're gonna do that.

如果有機會讓它變得更大一點，因而更可怕，我們就會這麼做。

Land of the lost 2009.

失落的土地2009。

What a priceless movie saurus female, we're in luck.

多麼無價的電影saurus女，我們很幸運。

These large predators are extremely territorial, virtually nothing will distract them from each other run.

這些大型食肉動物的領地性極強，幾乎沒有任何東西能讓它們分心，彼此奔跑。

This is just pure silliness.

這只是純粹的愚蠢行為。

This is one of the better depictions of the skull of allosaurus.

這是對異特龍頭骨的較好描述之一。

We're actually learning more and more about the skin of allosaurus and the skin of allosaurus would not have looked the way that we filmed it here in the movie, the skin of allosaurus basically looked like basketball leather.

實際上，我們對異特龍的皮膚瞭解得越來越多，異特龍的皮膚不會像我們在電影中拍攝的那樣，異特龍的皮膚基本上看起來像籃球皮。

So almost certainly the top predators in the ecosystem.

所以幾乎可以肯定是生態系統中的頂級捕食者。

We're not going to work work together to chase the humans at the same time.

我們不打算在同一時間合作追趕人類。

These animals never met each other.

這些動物從未見過對方。

It turns out there's more time between allosaurus and T.

事實證明，在異特龍和T之間有更多的時間。

Rex than there is between T.

雷克斯之間的關係比T.

Rex and Will Farrell.

雷克斯和威爾-法瑞爾。

We would have had to have put time travel into the equation to put all of these characters together at the same time in this movie spread out, it'll confuse him by running a pattern.

我們不得不把時間旅行放入方程式中，把所有這些角色同時放在這部電影中分散開來，它會通過運行模式來迷惑他。

T rex is not a fast animal but T rex is faster than will Ferrell and would catch him even if he was running straight away from it.

霸王龍不是一種快速的動物，但霸王龍比威爾-費雷爾快，即使他直接跑開，也會抓住他。

So if we think about dinosaur agility, if you have a lot of weight on either side of a pivot point it becomes harder to pivot.

是以，如果我們考慮一下恐龍的敏捷性，如果你在支點的兩側有很多重量，它就會變得更難支點。

If figure skater holds their arms out to the side and when they're doing that they can't turn very fast.

如果花樣滑冰運動員把他們的手臂伸向一邊，當他們這樣做時，他們就不能轉得很快。

But if they want to speed up they pull their arms in And they will start to rotate faster T.

但如果他們想加速，他們就把手臂拉進來，他們就會開始更快地旋轉T。

Rex having a long tail and a head at either end of the point on which its legs are attached means that it could not turn very fast.

雷克斯有一條長長的尾巴，頭在其腿部連接點的兩端，這意味著它不可能轉得非常快。

Running in a Serpentine pattern is probably a great idea against dinosaurs but dinosaurs are generally faster than people.

以蛇形模式運行可能是對付恐龍的一個好主意，但恐龍一般比人快。

Anyway.

無論如何。

Probably the best thing to do is stay ahead of the rest of the people in your group, Jurassic Park 3 2001 here, spinosaurus has for a long time been competing with tyrannosaurus rex for the longest meat eating dinosaur of all time.

最好的辦法可能是在你的小組中保持領先，《侏羅紀公園3》2001年在這裡，旋龍長期以來一直在與霸王龍競爭有史以來最長的食肉恐龍的地位。

The skull of spinosaurus was probably a couple of inches longer than the skull of T.

棘龍的頭骨可能比T.A.的頭骨長几英寸。

Rex.

雷克斯。

The body almost certainly was about five ft longer than the body of T.

屍體幾乎可以肯定比T的屍體長約5英尺。

Rex.

雷克斯。

T.

T.

Rex outweighed spinosaurus by a large amount recently.

最近，雷克斯的體重超過了刺龍很多。

Now new specimens have come out and they've redrawn this picture of what spinosaurus looks like.

現在新的標本出來了，他們重新描繪了這幅刺龍的樣子。

Spinosaurus was much closer to a shape that looked like this with a big long swimming adapted tail and relatively short limbs.

棘龍更接近於這樣的形狀，它有一個適應游泳的大長尾巴，四肢相對較短。

This animal is adapted for living in the shallow oceans and eating fish.

這種動物適應於生活在淺海和吃魚。

So this animal is an aquatic hunter.

所以這種動物是一種水生的獵手。

It's not going to live in the same environment as T.

它不會和T生活在同一個環境中。

Rex.

雷克斯。

There's not enough muscle on spinosaurus to break the neck of T.

旋龍身上沒有足夠的肌肉來折斷T的脖子。

Rex.

雷克斯。

We have skulls that are more complete and the skulls are very narrow with sharp conical teeth.

我們的頭骨比較完整，頭骨非常狹窄，有尖銳的圓錐形牙齒。

Very well adapted for eating things like fish.

非常適應吃魚等東西。

The skull of spinosaurus is only on the order of fortify five inches wide.

棘龍的頭骨只有五英寸寬。

Whereas T.

鑑於T.

Rex which would have been almost 2.5 ft wide.

雷克斯，這將是幾乎2.5英尺寬。

The bite of T.

T的咬合。

Rex would have crushed spinosaurus skull in a single bite.

雷克斯會一口咬碎菠蘿龍的頭骨。

This would have not been a good match for T.

這對T來說不會是一場好的比賽。

Rex on the land king kong 2005.

雷克斯在陸地上的金剛2005。

The premise of this movie is that we're in a lost world situation in which the dinosaurs on this island have been alive since the extinction of the dinosaurs.

這部電影的前提是，我們處在一個失落的世界中，在這個島上的恐龍在恐龍滅絕後一直活著。

So we can imply 65 million years of further evolution.

所以我們可以暗示6500萬年的進一步進化。

Anything that we say about the dinosaur behaviors is pure speculation because evolution could have taken dinosaur behavior in all kinds of different directions.

我們對恐龍行為的任何說法都是純粹的猜測，因為進化可能使恐龍的行為走向各種不同的方向。

What I do like is the way that the C.

我所喜歡的是C.A.的方式。

G.

G.

I.

I.

Artist render the sauropods long necked dinosaurs.

藝術家渲染長頸龍的長頸恐龍。

These things have weight.

這些東西是有分量的。

They have muscle and they're actually interacting with their environment in ways that truly huge animals would These dinosaurs in this movie actually look somewhat like brontosaurus or apatosaurus but at the same time they also have features that are present in a different group of the long neck dinosaurs that we call the titanic sawers and they were really the wide load members of this group.

它們有肌肉，而且它們實際上是以真正巨大的動物的方式與環境互動 這些電影中的恐龍實際上看起來有點像雷龍或阿帕圖龍，但同時它們也有一些特徵，這些特徵存在於另一組長頸龍中，我們稱之為泰坦鋸齒龍，它們實際上是這組恐龍中的寬負荷成員。

The therapy that we see chasing these animals is Vanna thesaurus and this is some sort of dinosaur closely related to things like velociraptor and Romeo saurus.

我們看到追逐這些動物的療法是Vanna thesaurus，這是某種與迅猛龍和Romeo saurus等密切相關的恐龍。

Its behavior does not look a whole lot like I envision within dro Miss Ors and velociraptor greens but 65 million years of isolated evolution on this island.

它的行為看起來並不像我設想的那樣，在滴水小姐和迅猛龍的綠色內，但在這個島上有6500萬年的孤立進化。

Anything can happen night at the museum 2006.

2006年博物館之夜，任何事情都可能發生。

Number one throw the bone and I'm assuming that this is supposed to be a tyrannosaurus rex but I don't recognize it.

一號拋出骨頭，我猜想這應該是一隻霸王龍，但我不認識它。

One of my problems with this is the rib does not shatter upon hitting the floor.

我的一個問題是，肋骨在落地時沒有碎裂。

It also is missing its belly ribs.

它還缺少腹部的肋骨。

Meat eating dinosaurs had an extra set of ribs along its belly that it actually used to breathe.

吃肉的恐龍沿其腹部有一組額外的肋骨，它實際上是用來呼吸的。

But this is a fun movie.

但這是一部有趣的電影。

Sounds like a dream sequence to me, The Land Before Time, 1988.

在我看來，這聽起來像是一個夢境，1988年的《前世今生》。

What a classic animated movie again.

又是一部多麼經典的動畫電影。

We have a mix of different dinosaurs that never met each other.

我們有不同的恐龍混合在一起，它們彼此之間從未見過。

So Sarah never met little foot in time, interesting that we actually see molars in triceratops, the teeth are not molars.

所以莎拉在時間上從未見過小腳，有趣的是，我們實際上在三角龍身上看到了臼齒，牙齒不是臼齒。

There actually a slicing long line of teeth all put together.

實際上，有一個切片的長線的牙齒都放在一起。

and I think we're anthropomorphizing these dinos To make them cuter.

我認為我們正在將這些恐龍擬人化，以使它們更可愛。

We actually do know what baby long neck dinosaurs looked like inside the egg.

實際上，我們確實知道長頸龍寶寶在蛋裡是什麼樣子。

They have huge eyes.

他們有巨大的眼睛。

Some of them have a little beak that helps them break out of the egg and they absolutely were just as cute as the dinosaurs in land before time.

他們中的一些人有一個小嘴，可以幫助他們破蛋而出，他們絕對和陸地上的恐龍一樣可愛，在時間之前。

One million years.

一百萬年。

BC 1966.

BC 1966年。

Mhm.

嗯。

There's a lot of problems with the dinosaurs in this clip, Sera.

這個片段中的恐龍有很多問題，Sera。

Thesaurus, his posture is wrong, the horns on his face are wrong, His tail is super expressive like a cat.

Thesaurus，他的姿勢不對，臉上的角也不對，他的尾巴像貓一樣超級有表現力。

So at the time this movie was filmed, people thought that most meat eating dinosaurs were these slow plodding animals that basically sat on their tail.

是以，在這部電影拍攝的時候，人們認為大多數吃肉的恐龍是這些緩慢的蹣跚的動物，基本上是坐在尾巴上。

A try portal stance, basically a tripod between the two legs and that would keep the head and the arms in the air to do whatever they wanted.

嘗試門戶式的姿勢，基本上是在兩條腿之間有一個三腳架，這將使頭部和手臂在空中做任何他們想做的事情。

We now know meat eating dinosaurs walked around balanced on their legs with their tail held high in the air at the same level as their head.

我們現在知道，吃肉的恐龍用腿平衡行走，它們的尾巴高高舉起，與頭部在同一水平線上。

It wasn't really until the 70s and 80 We started getting a picture of dinosaurs as much more dynamic.

直到70年代和80年代，我們才真正開始對恐龍有了更多的印象。

Not like these claymation dinosaurs in this film.

不像本片中的這些粘土恐龍。

One last thing I'd like to point out, humans never coexisted with actual dinosaurs that we think of as dinosaurs.

最後我想指出的是，人類從未與我們認為的真正的恐龍共存過。

That never happened, Jurassic World Fallen Kingdom 2018.

這從未發生過，《侏羅紀世界》墮落王國2018。

Yeah.

是的。

What I really like in this clip is the volcanic eruption, You can see the beginnings of the pyroclastic flow that's going to destroy the island.

我真正喜歡的是這個片段中的火山噴發，你可以看到將摧毀該島的火巖流的雛形。

You see volcanic bombs flying through the air.

你看到火山彈在空中飛舞。

We get some interesting dinosaurs that we hadn't seen much of before.

我們得到了一些有趣的恐龍，這些恐龍我們以前沒有見過多少。

Sino cera tops, that's a different story.

中國的Cera Tops，那是另外一個故事。

Sino cera tops has way too big of a nose horn and it's got some weird things going on on the back of its skull to the point where I almost didn't recognize it.

西諾迪斯的鼻角太大了，它的頭骨後面有一些奇怪的東西，以至於我幾乎認不出它了。

This dinosaur is famous because it's the only true horned dinosaurs related to triceratops that actually has been found in Asia.

這種恐龍之所以出名，是因為它是唯一與三角龍有關的真正的有角恐龍，實際上在亞洲被發現。

We think it's a north american animal that walked over to Asia to live there towards the end of the cretaceous Karna Taurus.

我們認為它是一種北美動物，在白堊紀末期走到了亞洲，生活在那裡的Karna Taurus。

This is an animal that's closely related to serrata saurus and it's actually quite well rendered.

這是一種與serrata saurus密切相關的動物，它實際上被渲染得很好。