Name: "恐竜博士 "だけど質問ある？ | 技術支援 | WIRED.jp (”恐竜博士”だけど質問ある？ | Tech Support | WIRED.jp)
Uploaded: 2022-07-30T17:50:38.000Z
Duration: 15 min 52 s

Today I will be answering your questions from twitter.

今天，我將在微博上回答大家的問題。

This is dino support at Tokaji sense una.

這是在Tokaji sense una的恐龍支持。

I think the scariest looking dinosaur would have been spinosaurus simply because it had this huge sail on its back.

我認為看起來最可怕的恐龍應該是刺龍，只因為它的背上有這個巨大的帆。

But I think here in the United States the T rex is definitely the people's favorite.

但我認為在美國，霸王龍絕對是人們的最愛。

The largest tooth including the roots gets up to about seven or eight inches in length.

最大的牙齒包括牙根，可以達到大約七或八英寸長。

These cutting edges are serrated like a steak knife.

這些切割邊緣像牛排刀一樣有鋸齒。

Rex and they show us that it ate the meat and the bones crunched up the bones much like some big crocodiles do today at Ricky Dell's us scientifically and historically speaking, how do we know what dinosaurs sounded like?

雷克斯，他們向我們展示了它吃肉和骨頭的碎裂，就像今天一些大鱷魚在瑞奇-戴爾的我們從科學和歷史上講，我們怎麼知道恐龍的聲音是什麼樣的？

Surely the sounds the movies have taught us are just guesses.

當然，電影教給我們的聲音只是猜測。

In fact it's quite likely that dinosaurs were much quieter than people give them credit for birds sing but most reptiles don't make much in the way of sounds except for hisses and grunts.

事實上，很可能恐龍比人們認為的鳥類唱歌要安靜得多，但大多數爬行動物除了嘶嘶聲和咕噥聲外，並沒有發出什麼聲音。

So we think that dinosaurs would have done things like that.

所以我們認為，恐龍會做這樣的事情。

But certainly not lion raw that Hollywood wants us to believe E.

但肯定不是好萊塢想讓我們相信的獅子生機勃勃E。

V four N two K four us when I die and go to heaven.

當我死後去到天堂時，V四N二K四我們。

First thing I'm asking God is what the Jurassic park get wrong, Jurassic park was made as an entertaining movie.

我問上帝的第一件事是《侏羅紀公園》有什麼錯，《侏羅紀公園》是作為一部娛樂性的電影。

The star of the movies Are the raptors here is an actual skull of an adult velociraptor.

電影中的明星是這裡的猛禽，是一個真正的成年迅猛龍的頭骨。

The filmmakers decided that it looked too puny and they needed something bigger strangely enough.

電影製作人認為它看起來太小了，奇怪的是他們需要更大的東西。

Shortly after this was filmed, people found a really gigantic raptor out in Utah.

這部電影拍攝後不久，人們在猶他州發現了一隻非常巨大的猛禽。

And since then other giant raptors have been found in South America and in Asia.

而從那時起，在南美洲和亞洲也發現了其他巨型猛禽。

But there were in fact much bigger than the ones in the movie.

但實際上比電影中的要大得多。

The movie claims that T rex could only detect prey by motion.

電影中稱霸王龍只能通過運動來探測獵物。

In fact when we study the brain case of a T.

事實上，當我們研究一個T的大腦案例時。

Rex, we find that it had very large olfactory bulbs which are part of the brain that picks up information from the nose.

雷克斯，我們發現它有非常大的嗅球，這是大腦的一部分，從鼻子中獲取信息。

It had very large opening for the optic nerve which is the nerve that transmits information from the eye to the brain.

它有非常大的視神經開口，而視神經是將資訊從眼睛傳到大腦的神經。

And it had a very complicated inner ear that allowed it to here at least a wide range of low frequency sounds.

而且它有一個非常複雜的內耳，使它在這裡至少能聽到廣泛的低頻聲音。

So it would have smelled the actors in front of its snout and it would have been a very short movie indeed.

是以，它就會聞到它鼻子前面的演員的味道，這確實會是一部非常短的電影。

At Emo here a western, How did the asteroid kill every dinosaur like doesn't an asteroid hit like one general area rather than like the entire world.

在Emo這裡有一個西方人，小行星是如何殺死所有的恐龍的，就像小行星不是擊中了像一個一般的區域而不是像整個世界。

The asteroid theory is a very flat earth theory.

小行星理論是一個非常平坦的地球理論。

What happened was when the asteroid happens to impact, it released the equivalent of 100 million megatons of energy and this basically melted this huge asteroid which was six miles in diameter and this sent up a gigantic clouds of glowing material up into the atmosphere.

發生的情況是，當小行星碰巧撞擊時，它釋放了相當於1億兆噸的能量，這基本上融化了這顆直徑6英里的巨大小行星，這將巨大的發光物質雲送入大氣層。

We see this even today when a volcano erupts volcanic dust sweeps all around the world.

我們甚至在今天看到，當火山爆發時，火山塵埃會席捲整個世界。

Imagine a world where suddenly it's raining drops of molten glass, that's what was happening.

想象一下，一個世界突然下起了熔化玻璃的雨滴，這就是當時的情況。

And so basically every larger animal at that point died and that's why the dinosaurs were wiped out probably within a matter of hours at most.

是以，基本上所有較大的動物在那個時候都死了，這就是為什麼恐龍可能在最多幾個小時內就被消滅了。

A matter of days at Lauren Berger us, How do they know what color dinosaurs were for many years, we really had no idea what color dinosaurs had.

在勞倫-伯傑我們的問題，他們怎麼知道恐龍是什麼顏色很多年來，我們真的不知道恐龍有什麼顏色。

In fact, people sort of assume that like many of the modern lizards, snakes, crocodiles, turtles, it would have been sort of greenish brown and that's what you see in all the old dinosaur books.

事實上，人們有點認為，像許多現代蜥蜴、蛇、鱷魚、烏龜一樣，它應該是那種綠褐色的，這就是你在所有舊的恐龍書中看到的。

However, in recent years, thanks to some remarkable discoveries in china, we actually found out what some dinosaurs looked like and it was a real revelation.

然而，近年來，由於在中國的一些顯著發現，我們實際上發現了一些恐龍的長相，這是一個真正的啟示。

We found that some of the little feathered dinosaurs actually had color patterns as vivid as those in modern birds.

我們發現，一些小羽毛恐龍實際上有和現代鳥類一樣生動的顏色圖案。

There is a dinosaur called cow long and it had beautifully iridescent feathers.

有一種恐龍叫牛長，它有漂亮的彩虹色的羽毛。

So it would have looked like a big starling with nasty cloth.

是以，它看起來會像一個有討厭的布的大椋鳥。

So the dinosaur world was far more colorful than we were previously thinking at T six li us.

是以，恐龍世界遠比我們之前在T六裡想的要多姿多彩。

那麼，為什麼當時的恐龍會這麼大。

Scientists go a lot of dinosaurs were big but there were also small dinosaurs.

科學家們認為很多恐龍是大的，但也有小的恐龍。

In fact there's one dinosaur that's barely over two ft long.

事實上，有一隻恐龍幾乎不超過兩英尺長。

Do you live in an environment where it's advantageous to be big for your particular mode of life?

你生活的環境中，對你特定的生活模式來說，大是有利的嗎？

And there's some places on earth where the rules are reversed often on islands.

而地球上有些地方的規則往往在島嶼上被顛覆。

Generally large animals become dwarfs about 15 million years ago.

一般來說，大型動物在1500萬年前會變成侏儒。

一隻巨大的刺蝟住在一個島上。

And what is now Italy in other parts of the mediterranean, there were tiny elephants running on that would have actually been nice little pets if we had been around at that time.

而現在的意大利在地中海的其他地方，也有小象在奔跑，如果我們當時在附近，這些小象實際上是很好的小寵物。

There are about 1100 described species of dinosaurs other than birds.

除鳥類外，大約有1100種被描述的恐龍。

Even very conservative estimates put the number much higher anywhere between 7000 and that may have been even more.

即使是非常保守的估計，這個數字也要高得多，在7000人之間，甚至可能更多。

One important thing to keep in mind is we are much closer in time to a T.

需要記住的一件重要事情是，我們在時間上更接近於T。

We now have classified this myriad of species by looking at various parts of the skeleton, the most obvious part of the skeleton.

我們現在通過觀察骨架的各個部分對這無數的物種進行了分類，這是骨架最明顯的部分。

Rex over my shoulder here you can see a hip girdle that has three bones with the front bone, the pubic pointing downwards worth In the so called bird hipped dinosaurs which is unfortunately misnomers and nothing to do with birds.

雷克斯在我的肩膀上，你可以看到一個有三塊骨頭的臀部腰帶，前面的骨頭，恥骨朝下，值得在所謂的鳥臀部恐龍中，不幸的是，這是錯誤的說法，與鳥類無關。

You get hip region that has the pubic bone pointing backwards.

你得到的臀部區域，其恥骨指向後方。

There are many more subtle anatomical differences.

還有許多更微妙的解剖學差異。

But basically there are two large groups of dinosaurs.

但基本上有兩個大的恐龍群體。

The lizard head, dinosaurs also called Cilicia and the bird hipped dinosaurs called anesthesia at lust clothes us by the T.

蜥蜴頭，恐龍也叫西利西亞，鳥類臀部的恐龍叫麻醉，在慾望的衣服我們由T。

Rexes have little as arms that does not sit right with me.

雷克斯的手臂很小，我覺得不妥。

Rex had really small but very powerful arms and you can see this here on our pride and joy.

雷克斯的手臂真的很小，但非常有力，你可以在我們的驕傲和喜悅上看到這一點。

It has been calculated that the arms was still strong enough to lift up to £600 of weight.

據計算，這隻手臂仍然足夠強大，可以舉起600英鎊的重量。

Other predatory dinosaurs actually get increasingly longer arms which eventually become wings and birds at solar wings.

其他掠食性恐龍實際上得到了越來越長的手臂，這些手臂最終變成了翅膀，鳥類在太陽的翅膀。

Since when were pterodactyls, Not dinosaurs.

從什麼時候開始，翼龍變成了恐龍，而不是恐龍。

Since ever dinosaurs and pterodactyls are related, but pterodactyls have nothing to do with dinosaurs.

從前恐龍和翼龍是有關係的，但翼龍與恐龍沒有關係。

They have a early common ancestors but they diverged in their evolution quite dramatically.

它們有一個早期的共同祖先，但它們在進化過程中出現了相當大的分歧。

Pterodactyls became flying creatures wings very different from those of birds, dinosaurs were mostly land dwelling animals and only a few forms later on evolved into birds which have very different looking wings.

翼龍成為飛行生物的翅膀與鳥類的翅膀非常不同，恐龍大多是陸生動物，只有少數形式後來演變成鳥類，它們的翅膀看起來非常不同。

At Trooper Snooks asked the question of the day, why did the early mammals and birds and fish like sturgeon etcetera not become extinct when the dinosaurs.

在Trooper Snooks提出了當天的問題，為什麼早期的哺乳動物和鳥類以及鱘魚等魚類沒有在恐龍出現時滅絕。

That's a very good question and in fact it's one of the great mysteries of paleontology, it's basically different life strategies.

這是一個非常好的問題，事實上這也是古生物學的一大奧祕，它基本上是不同的生命策略。

Small animals can hide a lot of small animals are also able to go without food for long times.

小動物可以隱藏很多小動物也能夠長時間不進食。

Most dinosaurs went extinct and only one group of dinosaurs.

大多數恐龍滅絕了，只有一組恐龍滅絕了。

Birds, as I just said, are dinosaurs because they descended from small meat eating dinosaurs, just like we are primates because we descended from other kinds of primates.

正如我剛才所說，鳥類是恐龍，因為它們是吃肉的小型恐龍的後代，就像我們是靈長類動物，因為我們是其他種類的靈長類動物的後代。

We now have a beautiful series of fossils documenting all of the stages between little predatory dinosaurs like that and birds that would have been recognizable as a bird to anyone alive today.

我們現在有一系列美麗的化石，記錄了從那樣的小食肉恐龍到對今天活著的人來說可以認出是鳥類的所有階段。

It's very rare that you get such a nice continuation of fossils between one group and the group that it gave rise to at three boat paleo who would win in a fight camera source or an adult, an adult titan and Camaro source lived at very, very different points in time In adult tightened at the end of the cretaceous period about 66 to 68 million years ago and Camaro source about 100 and 50 million years ago.

非常罕見的是，你會在一個群體和它所產生的群體之間得到如此好的化石延續，在三船古生物中，誰會在一場戰鬥中贏得相機源或成人，成人泰坦和卡馬羅源生活在非常，非常不同的時間點，在成人緊縮在白堊紀末期約66至6800萬年前，卡馬羅源約100和5000萬年前。

My money would be on the Camaro saurus simply because Kamara sauce got a lot bigger.

我的賭注會押在卡瑪洛-薩魯斯身上，只是因為卡馬拉醬變得更大了。