- I don't remember.

- 我不記得了。

- [Matt] This is the Google Pixel four.

- [馬特]這是谷歌Pixel四。

It has a 5.7 inch OLED display, a Snapdragon 855 processor,

它有一個5.7英寸的OLED顯示屏，一個驍龍855處理器。

and it can track your pupils on a sub millimeter level

它可以在亞毫米級別上追蹤你的瞳孔。

with a reported median error of three and a half percent.

據報道，誤差中值為百分之三點五。

Okay, this video isn't really about a three year old phone.

好吧，這個視頻並不是真的關於一個三年前的手機。

If you wanna watch that review, we did one.

如果你想看那個評論，我們做了一個。

You can still check it out if you want to.

如果你想的話，你仍然可以去看看。

This video is about the camera in this phone, however.

不過，這段視頻是關於這款手機的攝像頭。

And how researchers at UCSD are using it to do more

以及UCSD的研究人員如何利用它來做更多的事情

than just unlock it with their face.

而不是僅僅用他們的臉來解鎖。

Instead, they're seeing if it can measure your pupil size,

相反，他們正在看它是否能夠測量你的瞳孔大小。

which they hope could potentially screen

他們希望這有可能篩選出

for neurological diseases like Alzheimer's.

對於像阿爾茨海默氏症這樣的神經系統疾病。

This is all really interesting to me

這一切對我來說真的很有趣

because when we talk about health and tech,

因為當我們談論健康和技術的時候。

usually the conversation is around newer devices

通常對話是圍繞著較新的設備進行的

like wearables, which not everyone has.

如可穿戴設備，這不是每個人都有的。

So, I wanted to find out more about this technology,

是以，我想進一步瞭解這項技術。

which again, is on an older phone,

這又是在一個較舊的手機上。

and exactly what other health monitoring can be done

以及到底可以做哪些其他健康監測

with the device you may already have.

與你可能已經擁有的設備。

- My name is Colin Barry.

- 我的名字是科林-巴里。

I'm a second year PhD student at UC San Diego

我是加州大學聖地亞哥分校的二年級博士生

in the electrical and computer engineering department.

在電氣和計算機工程系。

And most of our work here is focused

而我們在這裡的大部分工作都集中在

around using ubiquitous technology.

圍繞使用無處不在的技術。

So smartphones, wearables,

是以，智能手機、可穿戴設備。

and things that we already have around us

和我們身邊已有的事物

to do health based computation.

來做基於健康的計算。

- So I'm just wondering,

- 所以我只是想知道。

how does pointing a smartphone camera in your eye

將智能手機的攝像頭對準你的眼睛是如何做到的？

tell you anything about neurological diseases,

告訴你關於神經系統疾病的任何情況。

like Alzheimer's?

像阿爾茨海默氏症？

- [Colin] It can be difficult to understand

- [科林]它可能難以理解

why the eye would be, you know,

為什麼眼睛會是，你知道。

a metric for different neurological diseases.

衡量不同神經系統疾病的指標。

And, first I guess to tell you a little bit

而且，我想首先要告訴你一點

about the measurement.

關於測量。

- That measurement is really just the size of your pupil.

- 這個測量值實際上只是你的瞳孔的大小。

Now, if you don't know,

現在，如果你不知道。

the pupil is the dark center of your eye

瞳孔是你眼睛的黑暗中心

that expands and contracts.

膨脹和收縮。

It's just like a camera iris

這就像相機的光圈

that lets in more or less light,

讓更多或更少的光線進入。

depending on how wide the iris is open.

取決於光圈的開放程度。

But our pupils can tell more of a story

但我們的學生可以講述更多的故事

than just how bright it is outside.

而不僅僅是外面有多亮。

- [Colin] So it's not just a quick snapshot of the eye.

- [科林]所以它不只是眼睛的快速快照。

Actually, it's recording your response to specific tasks.

實際上，它是記錄你對具體任務的反應。

These are correlated with neurological diseases

這些都是與神經系統疾病相關的

because of the connections within the brain

因為大腦內部的聯繫

between certain brain regions associated

某些大腦區域之間與

mostly with fight or flight response.

主要是戰鬥或逃跑反應。

And so what the pupil is doing

是以，學生在做什麼

is basically giving scientists sort of a window

基本上是給科學家提供了一個窗口

into the brain and seeing how we can not basically

進入大腦，看到我們如何能不基本上

identify different traits or different cognitive impairments

識別不同的特質或不同的認知障礙

by the dysfunction or the function of your pupil response.

由功能障礙或你的瞳孔反應的功能。

- In other words,

- 換句話說。

how your pupil responds to certain tasks

你的學生對某些任務的反應如何

can tell scientists a lot about your cognitive health.

可以告訴科學家關於你的認知健康的很多情況。

So how does this app allow them to do that?

那麼這個應用程序是如何讓他們做到這一點的呢？

- The way the app works is that it's going to be using

- 該應用程序的工作方式是，它將使用

the facial recognition system,

面部識別系統。

because it includes near infrared cameras.

因為它包括近紅外攝像機。

So these cameras are recording in a non-visible range.

是以，這些攝影機是在一個不可見的範圍內進行記錄。

It's not the same colors and things

它的顏色和東西都不一樣

that we and you will see when we look around.

我們和你們在環顧四周時將看到的。

And this is especially important for pupil measurements,

而這對瞳孔的測量尤為重要。

because some people have, you know, dark brown eyes

因為有些人有，你知道，深棕色的眼睛

because of the melanin in their eyes.

因為他們眼睛裡有黑色素。

And the difference between

和的區別。

their black people and their dark iris

他們的黑人和他們的黑虹膜

is gonna be very minimal in the visible spectrum.

在可見光譜中會是非常小的。

But when you look at it in the infrared spectrum,

但是，當你在紅外光譜中看它時。

it's, you know, almost basically,

這是，你知道，幾乎是基本上。

black and white between the two

兩者之間的黑與白

and that's how we're able to get

這就是我們如何能夠得到

these sub millimeter measurements of the people.

這些亞毫米級測量的人。

- There's actually a lot of work going on at UCSD

- 實際上，在UCSD有很多工作在進行中

when it comes to unlocking the technology in your smartphone

當涉及到解鎖你的智能手機中的技術時

for health applications.

用於健康應用。

- There's a huge sort of library of different measurements

- 有一個巨大的不同測量方法的圖書館

that you can take with a smartphone

你可以用智能手機拍攝的

and a lot of work needs to be done

還有很多工作要做

to have these measurements sort of validated

讓這些測量結果得到驗證

and have them not only validated by themselves,

並讓他們不僅得到自己的驗證。

but validated across many smartphone models.

但在許多智能手機型號中得到驗證。

- Many smartphone models is a key point here too,

- 許多智能手機型號在這裡也是一個關鍵點。

because not all smartphones have IR cameras.

因為不是所有的智能手機都有紅外攝像頭。

The Pixel actually lost them after the four.

Pixel在四人之後實際上失去了他們。

Now Vera and I aren't in the age demographic

現在，維拉和我不在這個年齡段的人群中

that Collins research group is studying,

柯林斯研究小組正在研究的。

but he was still nice enough to lead us through

但他還是很好地帶領我們走了一遍

our own pupil exams, which was pretty easy,

我們自己的學生考試，這是很容易的。

for the most part.

在大多數情況下。

- [Woman] Six, nine, one.

- 六、九、一。

If you need to, blink now. Repeat.

如果你需要，現在就眨眼。重複。

- Six, nine, one, seven, four, two, eight.

- 六、九、一、七、四、二、八。

- Maybe you should do it in creation.

- 也許你應該在創作中做到這一點。

- This is getting harder.

- 這越來越難了。

So the app isn't designed to show us what it's recording.

是以，這個應用程序並不是為了向我們展示它所記錄的內容。

Colin collects the data and reads it back at the lab,

科林收集數據並在實驗室讀回數據。

which will look like this.

這將看起來像這樣。

A chart showing our pupil changing signs over time,

一個顯示我們的學生隨時間變化的標誌的圖表。

and this somewhat creepy video of my eyeball.

以及這個有點令人毛骨悚然的我的眼球的視頻。

Now, if that doesn't seem like much,

現在，如果這看起來不多。

getting this information is actually pretty hard.

獲得這些資訊其實是很難的。

- So generally the pupillometry measurements

- 是以，一般來說，瞳孔測量法的測量

are done in clinical lab in very controlled settings

在臨床實驗室中，在非常受控的環境中進行。

with specialty devices called pupillometers.

使用稱為瞳孔儀的特殊設備。

They can cost upwards of nine or $10,000,

它們的成本可能高達9或10,000美元以上。

which is a huge limiting factor,

這是一個巨大的限制性因素。

especially for a lot of clinics.

特別是對很多診所來說。

- Now, Colin isn't suggesting

- 現在，科林並不是在建議

that your Pixel four is going to replace a $10,000 machine.

你的Pixel 4將取代10,000美元的機器。

There's still a long way to go to find out

還有很長的路要走，才能找到答案

if this approach is accurate enough to be useful.

如果這種方法足夠準確，就會有用處。

What he is doing here is called a feasibility study.

他在這裡所做的事情被稱為可行性研究。

It's meant to figure out what could be possible.

它的目的是要弄清楚什麼是可能的。

- The vision is that hopefully people can use these,

- 願景是希望人們能夠使用這些。

you know, smartphone based measurements

你知道，基於智能手機的測量

to have people take their measurements at home,

讓人們在家裡進行測量。

outside of the clinic

診所外

and then the doctors can use that to understand

然後，醫生可以利用這一點來了解

whether they need to take more measurements in the clinic.

他們是否需要在診所進行更多的測量。

- That accessibility is important.

- 這種可及性很重要。

Not everyone has access to a clinic with this machine.

並非每個人都有機會在診所使用這種機器。

But a lot of people do have smartphones, which is good.

但很多人確實有智能手機，這很好。

But still not a perfect solution.

但仍然不是一個完美的解決方案。

(somber music)

(陰沉的音樂)

- Yeah, so smartphones are gonna be more

- 是的，所以智能手機會更加

widely used than wearables.

比可穿戴設備更廣泛的使用。

So, you get some potential for more access there.

是以，你在那裡得到了一些潛在的更多機會。

- [Matt] Nicole Wetsman is a health reporter

- [Matt] Nicole Wetsman是一名健康記者。

here at The Verge who's covered tons of stories

他在The Verge報道過大量的故事。

on the intersection of healthcare and technology.

關於醫療保健和技術的交叉點。

- I think that digital divide issues

- 我認為，數字鴻溝問題

are always gonna be relevant when you're looking at

當你在查看時，總是會與之相關的

adding health products to a digital device,

在數字設備上添加健康產品。

just because someone has a smartphone,

僅僅因為某人有一部智能手機。

doesn't mean that they have the background and experience

並不意味著他們有這樣的背景和經驗

to be able to use it to the fullest extent

能夠最大限度地利用它

of its capabilities.

的能力。

When you see this happening with

當你看到這種情況發生在

like the telemedicine space, during the pandemic,

像遠程醫療領域，在大流行病期間。

just because someone has a computer in their home

就因為某人家裡有一臺電腦

doesn't mean that they're gonna be able to access

並不意味著他們能夠訪問

a telehealth service maybe that's because

遠程醫療服務，也許這是因為

they don't know how to download the application

他們不知道如何下載應用程序

or the application is not available

或者該應用程序不可用

in the language that they speak,

在他們所講的語言中。

or they don't have reliable internet access,

或者他們沒有可靠的互聯網接入。

or they don't have a quiet space

或者他們沒有一個安靜的空間

to make that kind of happen.

以使這種情況發生。

- When we're meeting with participants,

- 當我們與參與者會面時。

a lot of what we do is actually just explaining

我們所做的很多事情實際上只是在解釋

how to use the phone and you know,

如何使用電話，你知道。

how to touch on a touchscreen, how to turn the phone on.

如何在觸摸屏上觸摸，如何打開手機。

- This is something that Colin and Nicole

- 這也是科林和尼科爾

are acutely aware of.

是敏銳地意識到的。

There are a lot of health apps out there

現在有很多健康應用程序

claiming to do a lot of things,

聲稱要做很多事情。

but there's no guarantee that the public is going to know

但不能保證公眾會知道

how to use them correctly.

如何正確使用它們。

And some populations,

還有一些人口。

they'll get left out of using them completely.

他們會被完全排除在使用它們之外。

That's why the type of research

這就是為什麼研究的類型

that Colin and other scientists do is important.

科林和其他科學家所做的工作是很重要的。

This isn't about rushing to get the latest feature out

這並不是要急於推出最新的功能

on the newest flagship device.

在最新的旗艦設備上。

It's more about

這更多是關於

how do we take these pretty incredible devices

我們怎樣才能把這些相當不可思議的設備

that we already have and find out how much good

我們已經擁有的，並發現有多少良好的

we can do with them for the most people.

我們可以用它們為大多數人做什麼。

Now we'll stop to wait and see if Colin

現在我們將停下來等待，看看科林是否

and this team's research pans out

而這個團隊的研究結果是

and even if it does, that's not the end of the story.

即使是這樣，這也不是故事的結局。

Like, does a company like Google,

比如，像谷歌這樣的公司是否也是如此。

decide to buy this research or recreate it?

決定購買這項研究，還是重新創造它？

Or does this actually become developed

還是說這實際上成為了發展

as a legit clinical tool used by doctors

作為醫生使用的合法臨床工具

in conjunction with traditional devices?

與傳統設備一起使用？

They're both pretty intriguing options

它們都是相當耐人尋味的選擇

that could grant more access to more people.

這可以讓更多的人獲得更多的機會。

- Yeah, I think that simplification of screening

- 是的，我認為簡化篩選的做法

can be useful, you know,

可以是有用的，你知道。

leveraging the technology at our disposal,

充分利用我們所掌握的技術。

you know, the smartphones are really ubiquitous

你知道，智能手機真的無處不在

and if those can have important health applications,

以及這些是否能有重要的健康應用。

then it's, you know, I think really useful to try

然後，你知道，我認為真正有用的是嘗試

to investigate that to the fullest extent that we can,

我們將盡最大努力調查這一點。

like, let's see what we can do with this.

像，讓我們看看我們能用這個做什麼。

- Huge thanks to Colin Barry from UCSD

- 衷心感謝UCSD的Colin Barry先生

for sharing his research with us.

他與我們分享了他的研究。

They're doing really cool things over there

他們在那裡做著非常酷的事情

with the tech that we use every day.

與我們每天都在使用的技術。

And thanks to Nicole for giving us the greater context

並感謝Nicole為我們提供了更大的背景

on healthcare and tech.

關於醫療保健和科技。

Be sure to check out her writing on theverge.com.

請務必查看她在theverge.com上的文章。

So, yeah.

所以，是的。

Pixel four, still impressing, three years later.

像素四，仍然令人印象深刻，三年後。

Not bad.

不錯。