Hi, I'm Garrett Oliver, author of the brewmasters table and brewmaster of Brooklyn brewery.

嗨，我是加勒特-奧利弗，《釀酒師表》的作者和布魯克林啤酒廠的釀酒師。

But today I am here to answer your questions on twitter because this is beer support at dogs and baseball.

但今天我在這裡回答你在微博上的問題，因為這是在狗和棒球的啤酒支持。

Love that.

喜歡這個。

Ask what are hops and no, I'm not googling it.

問什麼是啤酒花，不，我不是在谷歌上搜索。

I just want someone to just tell me, it's like okay, I'm the guy to just tell you.

我只是希望有人能直接告訴我，就像好的，我就是那個能直接告訴你的人。

So these are hops.

所以這些是啤酒花。

The hop is a green pine cone shaped flower.

酒花是一種綠色松果形的花朵。

It grows on a vine in this country, largely in the pacific northwest and when that hop cone that little flower grows out, that is where you're going to develop all your flavors and aromas.

它生長在這個國家的藤蔓上，主要是在太平洋西北部，當那個啤酒花錐子那朵小花長出來的時候，那就是你要開發的所有味道和香氣的地方。

Now, here's an interesting fact, the hop is the nearest botanical relative to cannabis.

現在，這裡有一個有趣的事實，酒花是與大麻最近的植物親屬。

This hop flower, you have resins and those resins are giving you bitterness, they're giving you flavor, they're giving you aromas.

這種啤酒花，你有樹脂，這些樹脂給你帶來苦味，給你帶來味道，給你帶來香氣。

Hops are varietal like wine grapes.

啤酒花的品種就像釀酒葡萄。

There are about 100 varieties of hops available on the market right now some of them taste floral, some of them smell like citrus, some of them smell kind of dank.

現在市場上大約有100種啤酒花，其中一些嚐起來有花香，一些聞起來有柑橘的味道，一些聞起來有點潮溼。

There used to be a lot of spices used in beer, but the hot became often the only spice and beer because it also acts to retard the growth of bacteria and bacteria can spoil your beer and so people started to notice the more hops you add, the longer the beer was going to last.

以前有很多香料用在啤酒中，但熱成為往往是唯一的香料和啤酒，因為它也有延緩細菌生長的作用，而細菌會破壞你的啤酒，所以人們開始注意到，你添加的啤酒花越多，啤酒的壽命就會越長。

And so hops became really the focal point for bitter beer flavors at James 24147374 asks how do you make beer without yeast?

於是，啤酒花真正成為了苦味啤酒的焦點，在詹姆斯-24147374問道，沒有酵母怎麼做啤酒呢？

Sorry, James, you can, you have to have yeast in there to ferment your sugar into alcohol and to make all the flavors that we associate with beer, you can use other things besides yeast, like bacterial strains, et cetera.

對不起，詹姆斯，你可以，你必須有酵母在裡面將糖發酵成酒精，並使我們與啤酒相關的所有味道，你可以使用除酵母以外的其他東西，如細菌菌種，等等。

But you've got to have yeast to get the job done at Zerman asks, Is beer chemistry?

但你必須有酵母才能完成工作，在澤曼問道：啤酒是化學嗎？

Hmm, Well beer is chemistry, beer is also biology.

嗯，好吧，啤酒是化學，啤酒也是生物學。

Beer is also art.

啤酒也是一種藝術。

Wine is easy, right?

葡萄酒很容易，對嗎？

You got some grapes, grapes have sugar, you stomp on them whatever else they might start fermenting by themselves and you have wine.

你有一些葡萄，葡萄有糖，你踩著它們，不管其他什麼，它們可能自己開始發酵，你就有了葡萄酒。

Beer is tougher.

啤酒更難喝。

We're starting with this, there's no sugar in barley malt.

我們從這個開始，大麥芽中沒有糖。

You have to break down the starch in this into sugar.

你必須把這裡面的澱粉分解成糖。

It's what you do in a porridge called the mash, the natural enzymes that are in the malt.

這是你在粥中所做的，稱為麥芽汁，是麥芽中的天然酶。

Break the starches down to sugar.

將澱粉分解成糖。

Then you have a formulation, is it going to be dark?

然後你有一個配方，它將是黑暗的嗎？

Is it going to be red because it has fruit in, it is going to be kind of a caramel color like that.

它將是紅色的，因為它有水果在裡面，它將是那種焦糖的顏色，像這樣。

And that's a bit more art.

而這又是一種藝術。

And then you have biology because you're going to add yeast, which is then going to consume those sugars and give off carbon dioxide flavors and of course alcohol.

然後你有生物學，因為你要加入酵母，然後它要消耗這些糖，並釋放出二氧化碳的味道，當然還有酒精。

There's also a lot of cleaning, a lot of plumbing, so you have to be ready to wear a lot of hats, if you want to be a brewmaster.

還有很多清潔工作，很多管道工作，所以你必須準備好戴很多帽子，如果你想成為一名釀酒師。

So at yeah, Jackson asked, how do you become a brewmaster because I feel that's an awesome job.

所以在是，傑克遜問，你如何成為一個釀酒師，因為我覺得那是一個了不起的工作。

Hashtag dream job.

Hashtag的夢想工作。

The brewmaster is essentially the chef of the brewery.

釀酒師本質上是釀酒廠的廚師。

There are two main ways you can learn to be a brewmaster.

有兩種主要方式可以讓你學習成為一名釀酒師。

One is you take classes sometimes for years or you can do it the old fashioned way, which is the apprenticeship, you basically attach yourself to another brewmaster, usually for years and you slowly learn on the job.

一種是你有時要上幾年的課，或者你可以用老式的方法，也就是學徒制，你基本上是依附於另一個釀酒師，通常是幾年，你在工作中慢慢學習。

There are many, many jobs in each brewery, but in each brewery there's only one brewmaster the same way that there are a lot of cooks in the kitchen, but there's only one chef at the smarmy swami asks, does jamaican Viagra really equal Guinness plus peanuts mixed in a blender.

每個釀酒廠有很多很多工作，但每個釀酒廠只有一個釀酒師，就像廚房裡有很多廚師，但只有一個廚師在自作聰明的斯瓦米問，牙買加偉哥真的等於吉尼斯加花生在攪拌機中混合。

I don't think that would make me very frisky.

我不認為那會使我非常激動。

I prefer my Guinness and peanuts separately.

我喜歡我的吉尼斯酒和花生分開吃。

I don't know why you didn't put them in a blender, but Guinness does have a reputation in the caribbean and in africa for giving people extra potency.

我不知道你為什麼不把它們放在攪拌機裡，但吉尼斯在加勒比海和非洲確實有聲譽，可以給人們帶來額外的效力。

I don't know if there's any truth to this.

我不知道這是否有任何真相。

I just think it tastes pretty good, but there is a thing, especially with a stronger versions.

我只是覺得它的味道很好，但有一件事，特別是有更強的版本。

The Guinness foreign extra stout at about 8%.

吉尼斯的外國特級黑啤酒約為8%。

That's supposed to be really good for you.

這對你來說應該是非常好的。

They think that it's an aphrodisiac and it's going to give them special powers.

他們認為這是一種春藥，會給他們帶來特殊的力量。

I'm not sure.

我不確定。

I just think it tastes good at biophilia asks.

我只是覺得它在生物多樣性問的味道不錯。

And is home brewing illegal?

那麼家庭釀酒是否違法呢？

No, but it was so after prohibition, People were really worried that they were going to be all these people fermenting at home and they were not going to be paying taxes.

不，但在禁酒令之後，人們真的很擔心，他們會有所有這些人在家裡發酵，他們不會交稅。

My grandfather was one of them during prohibition who was making his own beer at home In the 19 seventies.

在禁酒令期間，我的祖父就是其中之一，他在19世紀70年代在家裡自己製作啤酒。

President jimmy carter signed legislation making homebrewing legal in the United States.

美國總統吉米-卡特簽署了使自釀啤酒在美國合法化的立法。

You can brew your own beer at home and you can drink it and you can bring it to your friends.

你可以在家裡釀造自己的啤酒，你可以喝它，你可以把它帶給你的朋友。

The thing you can't do is sell it, you got to pay taxes, you need licenses, etcetera, etcetera.

你不能做的事情是賣掉它，你得交稅，你需要許可證，等等。

So yes, you can brew legally at home.

是以，是的，你可以在家裡合法地釀酒。

But no, you can't sell it to all your pals at Susan Orlean asks, is there such a thing as box beer?

但是，不，你不能把它賣給你所有的夥伴們，在蘇珊-歐琳問，有這樣的盒子啤酒嗎？

And if not, why not know?

如果沒有，為什麼不知道呢？

And the why not?

那為什麼不呢？

Is because carbonation, you need to hold the pressure in your container and a box doesn't really hold pressure at sparkly june asked, How do you make your own beer?

是因為碳酸化，你需要在你的容器中保持壓力，而一個盒子並不能真正保持壓力，在閃光的六月問，你如何使自己的啤酒？

Well, it's kind of like asking, how do you make your own pancakes, right, you can get a box mix.

好吧，這有點像問，你怎麼自己做煎餅，對吧，你可以得到一個盒裝混合物。

Just add water.

只需加水。

Just add milk or you can make pancakes from scratch kind of the same thing with beer.

只需加入牛奶，或者你可以從頭開始做煎餅，這和用啤酒做煎餅是一樣的。

You can start off with a kit, but if you want to have more control, you're going to start here with the original grains, you're going to crush them, You mix them with hot water at very specific temperatures about 100 50 degrees.

你可以從一個工具包開始，但如果你想有更多的控制權，你要從這裡開始用原始的穀物，你要粉碎它們，你用熱水在非常特定的溫度下混合它們，大約100 50度。

Fahrenheit activate the enzymes, You're gonna break all those starches down into sugars.

華氏溫度激活酶，你將把所有這些澱粉分解成糖類。

You're gonna strain those sugars out.

你要把這些糖分過濾掉。

Bring it to a boil.

將其煮沸。

Now you have a liquid called the wort W.

現在你有一種叫做麥芽汁W的液體。

O.

O.

R.

R.

T.

T.

You bring that to a boil, you add your hops, you cool the whole thing down and you add the yeast, the yeast, then it's going to eat the sugars, give off carbon dioxide, give off flavors and give off of course, alcohol.

你把它煮沸，你加入你的啤酒花，你把整個事情冷卻下來，你加入酵母，酵母，然後它要吃糖，放出二氧化碳，放出味道，當然，放出酒精。

Within a few days you've got beer, I was an amateur brewer for for years.

幾天之內你就有了啤酒，我是一個業餘的釀酒師，已經有好幾年了。

We're going way back, I am 400 years old.

我們要追溯到很久以前，我已經400歲了。

I didn't like the offering a beer that we had in the mid eighties at that time.

我不喜歡我們在八十年代中期的時候提供的啤酒。

So I started making my own beer at home and it turned out my beer was better at Reddit Beer asked, hey Reddit beer, what is the weirdest beer you've ever had?

所以我開始在家裡自己做啤酒，結果發現我的啤酒在Reddit啤酒公司的時候更好，嗨，Reddit啤酒，你喝過的最奇怪的啤酒是什麼？

I've had all kinds of beer is one of the greatest beer experiences I've had.

我喝過的各種啤酒是我最偉大的啤酒體驗之一。

But the strangest in flavor was drinking the traditional South African beer combo tea out of a communally passed Sort of galvanized steel bucket outside of Cape Town, South Africa and it was sour, it was funky, it had all sorts of stuff going on.

但最奇怪的味道是在南非開普敦外喝了傳統的南非啤酒組合茶，它的味道很酸，很古怪，有各種各樣的東西在裡面。

It was made from Sorghum.

它是由高粱製成的。

But this is a really traditional beer style beer was invented probably about 10,000 years ago by the time you got to ancient Egypt, they had everything, they had beer styles, they had names, they had advertising old Egyptian cities like Thebes were actually built on beer money.

但這是一種真正的傳統啤酒風格，啤酒的發明大概是在一萬年前，當你到了古埃及，他們擁有一切，他們有啤酒風格，他們有名字，他們有廣告，像底比斯這樣的古埃及城市實際上是靠啤酒錢建立的。

The pyramids were built on beer money.

金字塔是用啤酒錢建造的。

So beer goes way, way back, starting in Africa and then spreading all over the world at Greg mercy exile.

是以，啤酒的歷史可以追溯到很久很久以前，從非洲開始，然後在格雷格的慈悲流放中傳遍了全世界。

Ask question for beer twitter.

問問題的啤酒微博。

Why do Belgian german and french brewers predominantly use glass, but in the UK, most craft and microbreweries use cans.

為什麼比利時的德國和法國的啤酒商主要使用玻璃，而在英國，大多數手工啤酒廠和微型啤酒廠都使用罐裝啤酒。

Is it a case of cost versus tradition in the old days, the only people who could afford a canning machine were the big brewers.

這是不是成本與傳統的關係，在過去，只有大的釀酒商才買得起罐頭機。

So if you wanted to buy a canner, it cost over a million dollars.

是以，如果你想買一個罐頭，它的價格超過一百萬美元。

As the craft beer movement started to take off, people making canning technology said we should make some stuff for for these guys too.

隨著手工啤酒運動開始起飛，製造罐頭技術的人說我們也應該為這些人制造一些東西。

And they started to make canners smaller and mechanic technology got better.

他們開始把罐子做得更小，機械技術變得更好。

It didn't affect beer flavor.

這並不影響啤酒的味道。

The way that it used to the beer can eventually became from a technological point of view equal to the glass bottle.

從技術角度看，啤酒罐最終變得與玻璃瓶一樣。

A lot of people feel that the can is more ecologically friendly.

很多人覺得，罐頭更符合生態環境。

It goes more places that might not allow glass like say a stadium.

它可用於更多可能不允許使用玻璃的地方，比如說體育場。

The Belgians don't use many cans, but in the UK and the United States, the can is really taking over if we're using bottles, we put beer in a brown bottle.

比利時人不怎麼使用易拉罐，但在英國和美國，易拉罐確實在接管，如果我們使用瓶子，我們把啤酒放在棕色瓶子裡。

Why?

為什麼？

Because a brown bottle is going to block a lot of the light coming in, but it can't block all of it.

因為棕色的瓶子會阻擋很多射入的光線，但它不可能阻擋所有的光線。

A can however can block all the light.

然而，一個罐子可以擋住所有的光線。

And that is one way in which a can is actually superior to our bottle these days when run properly.

這也是如今在正確運行的情況下，易拉罐實際上優於我們的瓶子的一種方式。

Both packages are pretty much equally good, even though I kind of feel better about a bottle in a certain way, but that's because I'm 400 years old.

兩種包裝基本一樣好，儘管我有點覺得一瓶酒在某種程度上更好，但那是因為我已經400歲了。

You know, I'm a traditionalist at lamb asks, how do you make beer from pumpkins?

你知道，我是一個傳統主義者，在羔羊問，你怎麼用南瓜做啤酒？

Do you cook the pumpkins?

你會煮南瓜嗎？

You mash them up, You mix them together with the grain in your mash the enzymes from the grain breakdown that starts with the pumpkins into sugars and you ferment the whole thing together.

你把它們搗碎，你把它們和穀物混合在一起，穀物的酶從南瓜開始分解成糖，你把整個東西一起發酵。

Often people add some pumpkin spice because people like pumpkin spice.

通常人們會添加一些南瓜香精，因為人們喜歡南瓜香精。

But pumpkin beer is actually hundreds of years old at Hedvig Gray milk says remember last year when the republicans were crying that if biden won, he'd make them drink plant based beer.

但南瓜啤酒實際上有幾百年的歷史，在Hedvig Gray牛奶說記得去年共和黨人哭著說，如果拜登贏了，他會讓他們喝植物性啤酒。

Well, you know, my beer was always plant based.

嗯，你知道，我的啤酒總是以植物為基礎。

So that's one of those weird things like gluten free vodka, like vodka doesn't have any gluten in it.

所以這就是那些奇怪的事情之一，比如無麩質伏特加，比如伏特加中沒有任何麩質。

At Del Boy 1978 UK asks, how do beer makers keep their yeast going?

在Del Boy 1978英國問，啤酒製造商如何保持他們的酵母？

How do you grow yeast?

你如何培養酵母？

Yeast is one of the most important elements in beer.

酵母是啤酒中最重要的元素之一。

It is the agent that actually takes the sweet liquid called wort and transforms it almost magically into beer and there are various types of yeast.

酵母是一種製劑，它實際上將被稱為麥芽汁的甜味液體，幾乎神奇地轉化為啤酒，有各種類型的酵母。

The main one that we're using in beer is called Saqqara misses and Saqqara missy means the sugar yeast or the sugar fungus.

我們在啤酒中使用的主要是叫薩卡拉小姐，薩卡拉小姐的意思是糖酵母或糖真菌。

It consumes sugar gives off alcohol and that's the thing that it does, it does it everywhere in the natural world, including in our beer.

它消耗糖分，放出酒精，這就是它所做的事情，它在自然界中到處都是這樣做的，包括我們的啤酒。

But when you add the yeast, it starts to reproduce and it reproduces by budding.

但當你加入酵母時，它開始繁殖，並通過出芽進行繁殖。

So you have like one yeast cell here and another one starts to grow out of it and this happens over and over again until you have a full population of yeast.

是以，你在這裡有一個酵母細胞，另一個開始從它身上生長出來，這種情況反覆發生，直到你有一個完整的酵母群體。

Now when the fermentation is finished usually will cool the tank down and the yeast will drop to the bottom.

現在，當發酵結束時，通常會將罐子冷卻下來，酵母會掉到底部。

At that point you can remove the yeast and store it for later use.

在這一點上，你可以取出酵母並儲存起來以備後用。

You can't store it forever, but you can easily store it for a week or more and you got to keep them healthy because basically when you're a brewer that yeast is your partner, we like to joke that we're just basically here working for the yeast is the yeast that are actually doing all the work they make the beer, we make the work.

你不能永遠儲存它，但你可以很容易地儲存一個星期或更多，你必須保持它們的健康，因為基本上當你是一個釀酒師時，酵母是你的夥伴，我們喜歡開玩笑說，我們基本上只是在這裡為酵母工作，是酵母實際上在做所有的工作，它們製造啤酒，我們做工作。

And together we get it all done at dad man walking, ask what's the better coffee for sunday morning, a stout or a wheat beer.

我們一起在爸爸人走的時候完成了這一切，問星期天早上喝什麼咖啡好，黑啤還是小麥啤酒。

The best coffee for sunday morning is coffee.

星期天早上最好的咖啡是咖啡。

However, wheat beer is gonna be better with breakfast at Rambo cowboy asked any good seafood and beer pairings.

然而，小麥啤酒與蘭博牛仔的早餐搭配會更好，問任何好的海鮮和啤酒搭配。

My first book, the brewmasters table was about beer and food pairings and I can tell you there are lots of good beer and seafood pairings.

我的第一本書《釀酒師之桌》是關於啤酒和食物的搭配，我可以告訴你有很多好的啤酒和海鮮的搭配。

My favorite though probably is Belgian style wheat beer and a really nice salmon in like a lemon butter sauce.

但我最喜歡的可能是比利時風格的小麥啤酒和非常好的檸檬黃油醬三文魚。

I have memories of sitting on canals in Amsterdam drinking that beer and eating that food and I was just so spectacular.

我有坐在阿姆斯特丹運河上的記憶，喝著那種啤酒，吃著那種食物，我就是這麼壯觀。

But seafood and beer Absolutely.

但海鮮和啤酒絕對是。

At Ty Gwyn asks, how do beer people taste?

在Ty Gwyn問道，啤酒人的味道如何？

The difference in I.

I.的差異。

P.

P.

A.

A.

S.

S.

I had a mango and an orange and I couldn't taste anything different.

我吃了一個芒果和一個橙子，我嘗不出有什麼不同。

I.

I.

P.

P.

A means India pale ale.

指印度淡色啤酒。

India pale ale was the most rigidly defined beer style virtually of all times.

印度淡啤酒幾乎是所有時代中定義最嚴格的啤酒風格。

This was a type of beer that was brewed in England and sent to colonists in India.

這是一種在英國釀造的啤酒，被送到印度的殖民者手中。

Beer was not an entertainment.

啤酒不是一種娛樂。

It was a staple food product.

它是一種主食產品。

Many people drank it from the time they got up in the morning until they went to bed.

許多人從早上起床到睡覺前都在喝。

Water could kill you.

水可以殺死你。

But beer was always safe.

但啤酒始終是安全的。

And these days it doesn't mean that much.

而這些天，它並不意味著那麼多。

It usually means that the beer at least has some real hop aroma and it has some at least reasonable bitterness.

這通常意味著該啤酒至少有一些真正的啤酒花香味，而且至少有一些合理的苦味。

Somebody can put mango or orange in the beer to that happens, but you want to check the label because you never know drink.

有人可以把芒果或橙子放在啤酒中，以這種情況發生，但你要檢查標籤，因為你永遠不知道飲料。

My social asks pale ale.

我的社會問淡啤酒。

I.

I.

P.

P.

A.

A.

What's the difference between an I.

I.的區別是什麼？

P.

P.

A.

A.

And a pale ale.

還有一種淡色啤酒。

Short version intensity.

短版強度。

So you're talking about pale ales, usually 5 to 6%.

所以你說的是淡色啤酒，通常是5-6%。

Traditionally I.

傳統上，我。

P.

P.

A.

A.

Was stronger, more bitter drier and more aromatic with hops but really you can almost think of I.

是更強，更苦更幹，更有啤酒花的香氣，但真的你幾乎可以想到我。

P.

P.

A.

A.

As an intensified version of pale ale at game quotes app asked ale or mead, wonder boy in Monster Land arcade.

作為淡啤酒的強化版，在遊戲報價應用中問到了啤酒或蜂蜜酒，奇蹟男孩在怪物樂園街機。

It's gonna have to be ales for me.

對我來說必須是啤酒。

There are two main kinds of beers, ales and lagers, ales are warm, fermented lagers are cold fermented, there are two different species of yeast.

啤酒主要有兩種，艾爾啤酒和拉格啤酒，艾爾啤酒是溫熱的，發酵的拉格啤酒是冷發酵的，有兩種不同種類的酵母。

They have slightly different flavors.

它們的味道略有不同。

Ales tend to be more fruity and more complex.

蘋果酒往往更有果味，更復雜。

Need is fermented honey, you add some water, you ferment it with yeast and you end up with mead.

需要的是發酵的蜂蜜，你加入一些水，用酵母發酵，最後得到蜂蜜酒。

First time I ever actually got a buzz in my whole life right after high school, it was legal back then to drink right after high school meet at a renaissance fair.

我一生中第一次在高中畢業後真正得到了嗡嗡聲，那時高中畢業後在文藝復興博覽會上見面就喝酒是合法的。

I admit it both those things happened, I drank mead at a renaissance festival and I'm wearing this jacket.

我承認這兩件事都發生了，我在文藝復興節上喝了蜂蜜酒，而且我還穿著這件夾克。

I'm not ashamed at Los Tacos 3 14 as what makes an I.

我在Los Tacos 3 14不感到羞愧，因為什麼使我。

P.

P.

A new England style basically.

基本上是一種新英格蘭風格。

Hayes, Hayes and a big fruity tropical flavor is something that really came out of New England about 10 years ago at or burrows asks shopping for beer, how many different ways can you mix wheat and hops?