in the way Europe sees its security and defense.

在歐洲看待其安全和防禦的方式。

Finland and Sweden — two Nordic nations that have spent decades avoiding any military alliances

芬蘭和瑞典--這兩個北歐國家幾十年來一直在避免任何軍事聯盟

have decided they are no longer safe on their own; and have requested to join NATO.

已經決定他們自己不再安全；並要求加入北約。

We hope that the parliament will confirm the decision to apply for NATO membership during the coming days

我們希望，議會將在未來幾天確認申請加入北約的決定。

This is best for Sweden and the Swedish security. It is not something against Russia.

這對瑞典和瑞典的安全是最好的。這不是針對俄羅斯的事情。

But how does a country join NATO, and what does this mean for the world?

但一個國家如何加入北約，這對世界意味著什麼？

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation is made up of 30 countries.

北大西洋公約組織是由30個國家組成的。

What brings them together is a defense pact called Article 5, which states that an attack

使他們走到一起的是一個名為第5條的防禦公約，其中規定，攻擊

against one member country is an attack on them all.

反對一個成員國就是對所有成員國的攻擊。

This means an invasion of even the smallest or weakest of these nations would bring a

這意味著即使是對這些國家中最小或最弱的國家的入侵也會帶來

response from military powers including the U.S., U.K. and France.

包括美國、英國和法國在內的軍事大國作出了反應。

It has been an effective deterrent – Article 5 has only been invoked once after the 9/11 attacks.

它一直是一種有效的威懾--第5條只在9/11襲擊後被援引過一次。

So why do Finland and Sweden want to join now, more than 70 years after NATO was founded?

那麼，為什麼芬蘭和瑞典想在北約成立70多年後的今天加入呢？

Finland shares an 830-mile land border with Russia, while Sweden has a maritime border

芬蘭與俄羅斯有830英里的陸地邊界，而瑞典則有一條海上邊界。

with the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad in the Baltic Sea.

與俄羅斯在波羅的海的飛地加里寧格勒的關係。

For officials in both countries, Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine made it clear

對於這兩個國家的官員來說，俄羅斯無端入侵烏克蘭的行為明確表明

that Moscow didn't have reservations about moving into its neighbors' territory.

莫斯科對進入其鄰國的領土沒有保留。

Three issues have changed when Russia attacked Ukraine.

俄羅斯攻擊烏克蘭時，有三個問題發生了變化。

First, that things are now more unpredictable than earlier, Russia was ready to change the

首先，現在的事情比以前更不可預測，俄羅斯準備改變

government in the country of 40 million people by military force.

在這個擁有4000萬人口的國家，通過軍事力量建立政府。

Secondly, Russia has increased this kind of loose speech about nuclear weapons, chemical

第二，俄羅斯增加了這種關於核武器、化學武器的鬆散言論。

weapons, and so forth.

武器，等等。

And thirdly, they are ready to put more than 100,000 soldiers

第三，他們準備投入超過10萬名阿兵哥

without mobilization in one spot on the border areas.

而不是在邊境地區的一個地方進行動員。

I think that for this kind of risks, we also have to be ready.

我認為，對於這種風險，我們也必須做好準備。

It took Stockholm and Helsinki a couple of months to organize their applications to join

斯德哥爾摩和赫爾辛基花了幾個月的時間來組織他們加入的申請。

NATO, but how long will it take before they become full members?

北約，但需要多長時間才能成為正式成員？

Well, it depends.

嗯，這取決於。

The accession process has several steps: First, countries looking to join send a letter

加入的過程有幾個步驟。首先，希望加入的國家發出一封信

to the NATO Secretary General Then an official invitation to start accession

向北約祕書長髮出正式邀請，開始加入北約。

talks is sent to the applicant country After that, negotiations between the country

此後，國家之間的談判將被髮送到申請國。

and NATO begin Once these are concluded, NATO's council

一旦這些工作完成，北約理事會就會開始工作。

gives the green light for all NATO members to sign the accession protocol

為所有北約成員簽署加入議定書開綠燈

And this agreement is then ratified by all the NATO countries,

而這一協議隨後得到了所有北約國家的準許。

which in some cases, means getting parliamentary approval.

在某些情況下，這意味著獲得議會準許。

NATO's Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg hopes Finland and Sweden's applications

北約祕書長延斯-斯托爾滕貝格希望芬蘭和瑞典的申請能夠得到準許。

will progress through these steps quickly.

將迅速完成這些步驟。

But NATO members Croatia and Turkey have raised concerns about letting them into the alliance,

但北約成員國克羅地亞和土耳其對讓他們加入聯盟表示擔憂。

which could delay, or even halt, the process.

這可能會延後，甚至停止這一進程。

But it won't just be Finland and Sweden benefitting if they are allowed in.

但如果他們被允許進入，受益的將不僅僅是芬蘭和瑞典。

The countries also have a lot to offer the defense alliance.

這些國家也有很多東西可以提供給國防聯盟。

Sweden has about 50,000 military employees and volunteers.

瑞典有大約5萬名軍事僱員和志願者。

Finland has 900,000 reservists, and boasts a wartime strength of 280,000 soldiers.

芬蘭有90萬名預備役人員，並擁有28萬名阿兵哥的戰時力量。

Sweden reduced the size of its military in the 1990s but began to reverse that policy

瑞典在1990年代減少了軍隊規模，但開始扭轉這一政策

after Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014.

在俄羅斯於2014年非法吞併克里米亞之後。

In addition, their troops do joint military exercises with NATO and are experts at operating

此外，他們的部隊還與北約組織進行聯合軍事演習，並且是操作的專家。

in the kind of climate and terrain found on Russia's borders with Europe.

在俄羅斯與歐洲的邊界上發現的那種氣候和地形。

Finland has other technical expertise that could be useful to NATO allies too.

芬蘭還有其他的技術專長，對北約盟國也可能是有用的。

60 feet underground, we are going to see how Finland has been preparing for the worst.

在地下60英尺處，我們將看到芬蘭是如何做最壞的打算的。

In the capital Helsinki, there's a vast network of civil shelters, more than 5,000 in total.

在首都赫爾辛基，有一個龐大的民間庇護所網絡，總共有5000多個。

They're here to protect citizens against attack.

他們在這裡是為了保護公民免受攻擊。

We are trying to assess any kind of weapon effects.

我們正試圖評估任何種類的武器影響。

So, blast proofing and gas proofing, and radiation and toxic chemicals.

是以，防爆和防毒，以及輻射和有毒化學品。

So, it will go as far as protecting citizens against a potential even nuclear?

是以，它將盡可能地保護公民免受潛在的甚至是核？

Even nuclear.

甚至是核電。

Normally, these underground spaces are used for parking, storage, sporting and cultural

通常情況下，這些地下空間用於停車、儲存、體育和文化活動。

activities — even children's play areas.

活動 - 甚至是兒童遊戲區。

But within 72 hours, this bunker can be converted into a shelter for 6,000 people.

但在72小時內，這個掩體可以被改造成6000人的避難所。

Finland has a long history of preparedness.

芬蘭有著悠久的防備歷史。

Bunkers like this have been around for decades, but their relevance has become even more obvious

像這樣的掩體已經存在了幾十年，但它們的相關性變得更加明顯了

in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

在俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭之後。

We have neighbors.

我們有鄰居。

And naturally the neighbors might cause us some immediate danger, but right now, there

自然，鄰居們可能會給我們帶來一些直接的危險，但現在，有

is no elevated threat against Finland at any point.

在任何時候都沒有針對芬蘭的高等級威脅。

Russia's President Vladimir Putin has historically opposed NATO enlargement, though in May, he

俄羅斯總統弗拉基米爾-普京歷來反對北約的擴大，儘管在5月，他

signalled he would tolerate Finland and Sweden joining the alliance – as long as no NATO

他表示將容忍芬蘭和瑞典加入聯盟--只要沒有北約的人加入。

military bases, or equipment sprung up in the countries.

軍事基地，或設備在這些國家湧現。

President Putin achieved just the opposite to what he wanted to achieve with this operation.

普京總統通過這次行動取得了與他想取得的結果正好相反的結果。

He basically tried to show that the world there is no Ukraine.

他基本上試圖向世界表明，沒有烏克蘭。

And the result is that now everybody in the world knows that Ukraine exists.

而結果是，現在世界上所有人都知道烏克蘭的存在。

And secondly, he wanted to show that the West, NATO is dead, and he basically resurrected both the West and NATO.

其次，他想表明，西方、北約已經死了，他基本上讓西方和北約都復活了。

The Swedish and the Finnish decisions was a message that there is no neutral countries

瑞典和芬蘭的決定是一個資訊，即沒有中立國家。

on the border of Russia.

在俄羅斯的邊界上。

And this is a new reality, even during the Cold War, it was not like this.

而這是一個新的現實，即使在冷戰期間，也不是這樣的。