promised a blood testing revolution.

承諾進行一場血液檢測革命。

With just a single drop of blood,

只用了一滴血。

their machine could run hundreds of medical tests.

他們的機器可以運行數以百計的醫學測試。

Except the technology didn't exist,

除了該技術不存在。

at least not in the way that its founder, Elizabeth Holmes,

至少不是以其創始人伊麗莎白-霍姆斯的方式。

envisioned it.

設想的。

But that dream isn't over yet.

但這個夢想還沒有結束。

Theranos made some pretty lofty promises

Theranos公司做出了一些相當崇高的承諾

that would have upended traditional blood testing

這將顛覆傳統的血液測試

as we knew it, with its mini lab,

正如我們所知道的那樣，它有一個小型實驗室。

dubbed the Edison.

被稱為 "愛迪生"。

- If you could have just a single drop of blood,

- 如果你能擁有一滴血。

you wouldn't need to go to a lab

你就不需要去實驗室了

and get your blood drawn for testing.

並接受抽血檢測。

It would make it so much easier.

這將使它變得更加容易。

Really revolutionize the blood testing industry.

真正徹底改變了血液檢測行業。

Like, that's a appealing promise.

比如，這是一個很有吸引力的承諾。

- [Narrator] Nicole Wetsman is a health reporter

- [旁白]妮可-韋茨曼是一名健康記者

at The Verge.

在The Verge。

She's spent time covering the Theranos trial

她曾花時間報道Theranos的審判

from the courthouse in San Jose

從聖何塞的法院出發

and explained to us why the blood testing industry

並向我們解釋了為什麼血液檢測行業

even needed a company like Theranos to begin with.

甚至一開始就需要一個像Theranos這樣的公司。

- For a standard blood test,

- 對於一個標準的血液測試。

you have to go and you go sit down and a lab tech

你必須去，你去坐下來，一個實驗室技術人員

will draw vials of blood out of your arm.

將從你的手臂上抽出小瓶的血。

And then probably get sent out to a lab or, you know,

然後可能被送到實驗室或，你知道。

some larger offices might have machines in house.

一些較大的辦公室可能在內部有機器。

So Theranos claimed to be able to create a system

是以，Theranos聲稱能夠創建一個系統

that would kind of circumvent a lot of those challenges.

這將規避很多這些挑戰。

So they said that they could have a tabletop doctor's office

所以他們說，他們可以有一個桌面上的醫生辦公室

sized machine that could run hundreds of blood tests

可以進行數百次血液測試的大小機器

on a single drop of blood.

在一滴血上。

- [Narrator] But even from the beginning,

- [旁白]但即使從一開始。

pathologist questioned the accuracy.

病理學家對其準確性提出質疑。

- What I'm surprised about is, you know, you look,

- 我感到驚訝的是，你知道，你看。

you look at the people in the room

你看一下房間裡的人

and there's clearly been a lot of interest in your company.

而且顯然有很多人對你們公司感興趣。

I would argue that a lot of that comes from the fact

我想說的是，這很大程度上來自於以下事實

that there were these claims that were made

有這些要求被提出來

that were very broad early on.

這在早期是非常廣泛的。

70 tests, the whole panoply of lab tests

70項測試，整個實驗室測試的全景

from a couple of drops of blood

從幾滴血中

and the evidence that you presented fell far short of that.

而你提出的證據遠遠沒有達到這個要求。

- There are things that you can do

- 有一些事情你可以做

with a single drop of blood.

用一滴血。

You can test your blood sugar level for example,

例如，你可以測試你的血糖水準。

but there are other things where a single drop

但在其他一些事情上，一滴

is just not realistic.

是不現實的。

There might not be high enough concentration

可能沒有足夠高的濃度

of what you're trying to measure in a tiny drop.

你想測量的東西在一小滴中。

- [Narrator] Studies have shown that important

- [旁白]研究表明，重要的

blood markers, such as white blood cell count or hemoglobin,

血液標誌物，如白細胞計數或血紅蛋白。

can vary greatly from one drop to another one

差異很大，從一滴到另一滴

obtained via the finger.

通過手指獲得。

But even if individual drops were identical,

但是，即使個別水滴是相同的。

certain tests need to separate out cells with a centrifuge

某些試驗需要用離心機分離出細胞

or add specific chemicals to the samples

或在樣品中添加特定的化學品

that would make repeat testing impossible.

這將使重複測試成為不可能。

Theranos's ambitions are commendable,

Theranos的雄心壯志值得稱讚。

but the idea was nothing new.

但這個想法並不新鮮。

- So there are things that Theranos was trying to do

- 是以，有一些事情是Theranos試圖做的

that are also things that more realistic researchers

這也是更現實的研究人員

are also working on.

也在努力。

You kind of have a couple of main things happening.

你有幾件主要的事情發生。

You have the single drop of blood issue.

你有單滴血的問題。

You have the lots of tests on one sample issue,

你在一個樣本問題上有很多測試。

and you have the let's shrink this all down

而你有一個讓我們把這一切都縮小的方案

to a small machine.

到一個小機器。

And those all kind of individually are things

而這些都是一種單獨的東西

that people are working on, but those are really hard.

人們正在努力，但這些真的很難。

And there are a lot of kind of really significant challenges

而且有很多真正的重大挑戰

that a lot of smart people are working on.

很多聰明人都在研究這個問題。

Experts do not really think that that sort of pie in the sky

專家們並不真的認為那種天上掉餡餅的事會發生。

vision is something that's really going to be feasible,

願景是真正將是可行的東西。

despite kind of the potential for a lot of this stuff

儘管有很多這種東西的潛力

to really be improved and innovated on in reality.

以便在現實中真正得到改進和創新。

- [Narrator] While many researchers have been trying

- [旁白]雖然許多研究人員一直在努力

to advance this technology in labs,

以推動這項技術在實驗室的應用。

a ton of buzz surrounded Theranos

圍繞著Theranos，有大量的嗡嗡聲

because it was telling investors

因為它在告訴投資者

it could all be done right now.

這一切都可以在現在完成。

According to testimony from the trial,

根據審判中的證詞。

Holmes was telling investors that the machines

霍姆斯正在告訴投資者，機器

were already being used on military helicopters

已經在軍用直升機上使用

in combat zones.

在戰鬥區。

These claims would not only come back to haunt

這些說法不僅會影響到

Elizabeth Holmes in her fraud trial,

伊麗莎白-霍姆斯在她的欺詐審判中。

but they also had a chilling effect on other research

但它們也對其他研究產生了寒蟬效應

being conducted in the field of blood testing.

在血液檢測領域正在進行。

- Folks were working on blood test technology

- 人們正在研究血液測試技術

and trying to shrink down tests or do more with less

並試圖縮減測試，或用更少的錢做更多的事

had trouble getting funding or interest

難以獲得資金或興趣

because investors said well, Theranos has already done this.

因為投資者說，好吧，Theranos已經做了這個。

So why should we invest with you?

那麼，我們為什麼要向你們投資？

And then when it came out that Theranos

然後，當它被發現，Theranos

couldn't actually do what they said they were going to do,

無法真正做到他們所說的事情。

you had sort of the opposite problem where people would say,

你有一種相反的問題，人們會說。

oh, but isn't that all just a scam?

哦，但這不都是一個騙局嗎？

And so that made it harder for people to attract funding

是以，這使得人們更難吸引資金

for their more realistic projects.

為他們更現實的項目。

- [Narrator] As we approach the end of the trial

- [旁白]當我們接近審判的終點時

of Elizabeth Holmes,

的伊麗莎白-霍姆斯。

it's become clear that this trial has uncovered many cracks

很明顯，這次審判已經發現了許多裂縫

in the way that startups operate,

在初創企業的運作方式。

particularly healthcare startups.

特別是醫療保健初創企業。

- The Theranos scandal and fallout

- 特拉諾斯公司的醜聞和餘波

has really made people kind of question

真的讓人們質疑

whether the Silicon Valley startup move fast,

硅谷創業公司的行動是否迅速。

break things ethos is the approach we should be taking

打破東西的精神是我們應該採取的方法

to medical technology where people's health

對醫療技術，人們的健康

and lives are sort of really on the line here.

而生命在這裡真的是岌岌可危。

And the accuracy and success of these technologies

而這些技術的準確性和成功

has really important implications for people's health.

對人們的健康有真正重要的影響。

- [Narrator] And because of this,

- [旁白]也正因為如此。

everyone will remain highly skeptical

每個人都會保持高度懷疑的態度

of any new advancements in the blood testing industry

血液檢測行業的任何新進展

for years to come.

在未來的幾年裡。

- Like anything in science and medical technology,

- 就像科學和醫療技術領域的任何事情一樣。

you're going to see progress and you're going to see

你將會看到進步，你將會看到

kind of iterative innovation.

迭代式創新的一種。

But what we're likely not going to see is someone pop out

但我們很可能看不到的是，有人跳出來

of out of the ground with a device

用一個裝置從地下取出的

that's going to change everything.

這將會改變一切。

You know,

你知道的。

science is hard and we want to be careful

科學是艱難的，我們要小心

with how we move forward and make sure that the progress

我們如何向前邁進，並確保取得進展

we're making is actually real progress.

我們正在做的實際上是真正的進步。