As soon as I finish writing this short piece of text, I'm going to delete the document that contains it from my computer.

一旦我寫完這篇短文，我就會從我的電腦上刪除包含它的文檔。

The question is when I erase these 320,000 bits of information, where did they go?

問題是當我抹去這32萬比特的資訊時，它們去了哪裡？

Thermodynamics tells us that matter and energy can never be destroyed.

熱力學告訴我們，物質和能量永遠不可能被破壞。

Only transferred.

只轉讓了。

Well, this goes for information to when I erase something from my computer, it's not destroyed but transferred into heat.

好吧，這適用於資訊到當我從我的電腦上擦除一些東西時，它沒有被破壞，而是被轉移到熱能中。

That's why laptops get hot.

這就是為什麼筆記本電腦會發熱。

That's why computers need fans to cool them down.

這就是為什麼計算機需要風扇來降溫。

This law.

這項法律。

That information can never be destroyed holds true everywhere in the universe except one place, black holes in the 19 seventies Stephen Hawking showed us that black holes actually radiate superhot energy from their event horizons.

資訊永遠不會被破壞，這句話在宇宙中處處成立，但有一個地方除外，那就是黑洞。19世紀70年代，霍金向我們展示了黑洞實際上從其事件視界輻射出超熱的能量。

The place where everything even light is irrevocably doomed.

在這個地方，所有的東西甚至是光都是不可逆轉的註定。

This meant crucially that black holes get smaller and smaller and evaporate over time, eventually disappearing altogether.

這意味著關鍵的是，黑洞會越來越小，並隨著時間的推移而蒸發，最終完全消失。

This is like the universe.

這就像宇宙。

Erasing its own word document.

擦除自己的word文檔。

Except for what we've already said, can never be destroyed.

除了我們已經說過的，永遠不能被摧毀。

Information looks like here actually is and the information paradox was born.

資訊看起來像這裡實際上是，資訊悖論就這樣誕生了。

Scientists have a love hate relationship with paradoxes.

科學家們對悖論有一種愛恨交加的關係。

Over the years, many have tried to solve the information paradox and we'll talk about a few here.

多年來，許多人試圖解決資訊悖論，我們將在這裡談一談幾個。

But first Jacob Benkenstein knowing that he could never actually read the information inside a black hole, Benkenstein resolved to figure out how much hidden information otherwise known as entropy a given black hole actually contained.

但首先雅各布-本肯斯坦知道他永遠無法真正讀懂黑洞內的資訊，本肯斯坦決心弄清楚一個特定的黑洞究竟包含多少隱藏的資訊，也就是所謂的熵。

Now you'd imagine that the amount of entropy in the black hole would equal the volume of that black hole.

現在你會想到，黑洞中的熵的數量將等於該黑洞的體積。

Like the amount of coffee in a coffee mug equals the volume of that mug.

就像咖啡杯裡的咖啡量等於這個杯子的體積一樣。

But Benkenstein found that in the case of black holes the amount of hidden information inside is not equal to the volume but the area of the event horizons surface.

但本肯斯坦發現，在黑洞的情況下，裡面的隱藏信息量不等於體積，而是事件視界表面的面積。

That's pretty crazy.

這真是太瘋狂了。

This means that when information approaches a black hole it gets plastered onto the event horizon surface like dots on a super hot basketball.

這意味著，當資訊接近黑洞時，它會像超熱籃球上的小點一樣被貼在事件穹界表面。

But there's a problem here and I think it's time to bring Matthew McConaughey into the equation at the end of the movie interstellar spoilers, Matthew McConaughey goes into a black hole when he hits the event horizon.

但這裡有一個問題，我認為是時候把馬修-麥康納帶入等式了，在電影星際破壞者的結尾，馬修-麥康納在撞上事件視界時進入了一個黑洞。

He seems to be fine.

他似乎很好。

Well there's nothing really surprising about that.

嗯，這沒有什麼真正令人驚訝的地方。

We know that eventually McConaughey is gonna get ripped to shreds by the intense gravity of the black hole eventually being smushed into the singularity.

我們知道，最終麥康納會被黑洞的強烈引力撕成碎片，最終被砸進奇點。

But we sort of know that when you cross the event horizon of a large black hole, you probably wouldn't feel anything like the film shows.

但我們有點知道，當你穿過一個大黑洞的事件視界時，你可能不會有任何像電影中所展示的感覺。

But how does this square with what we just said that all information approaching a black hole gets hot glue gun to its event horizon.

但這與我們剛才說的所有接近黑洞的資訊都會被熱膠槍粘在其事件視界上的說法有什麼關係呢。

The answer is here, this is a stereo graham.

答案就在這裡，這是一個立體的格拉姆。

You might remember them from grade school, a two D.

你可能還記得他們在小學的時候，一個兩個D。

Image that when looked at for long enough reveals a hidden picture that seems to rise off the plane otherwise known as a hologram notice that the three D.

當看的時間足夠長時，就會發現一個隱藏的圖片，似乎從平面上升起，也就是所謂的全息圖，注意這三個D。

Info appears highly scrambled in two D.

資訊在兩個D中顯得高度混亂。

This is what's happening to Matthew McConaughey when he travels past the event horizon of a black hole.

這就是馬修-麥康納在穿越黑洞的事件視界時的情況。

Everything that happens inside the black hole is essentially a hologram of the information encoded on its two D surface, McConaughey would move past the event horizon, feeling all right, alright, alright.

在黑洞內發生的一切基本上都是在其兩個D表面上編碼的資訊的全息圖，麥康納會移過事件視界，感覺一切都好，好，好。

But an observer from outside would see him incinerated and spread across the surface as particles.

但從外面的觀察者會看到他被焚燒，並作為粒子散佈在表面。

The crazy thing is that both perspectives would be correct.

最瘋狂的是，這兩種觀點都是正確的。

According to physicist Leonard Susskind, this may be the case for the entire universe.

根據物理學家Leonard Susskind的說法，這可能是整個宇宙的情況。

The three dimensional space we live in and move in every day maybe in effect a hologram of a lower dimensional universe, albeit a perfect hollering.

我們每天生活和活動的三維空間實際上可能是一個低維宇宙的全息圖，儘管是一個完美的呼應。

This is called the holographic principle.

這被稱為全息原理。

It doesn't mean that the universe is a dream or an illusion or anything like that, but it is as genuinely revolutionary an idea as relativity was to Newtonian physics.

這並不意味著宇宙是一個夢想或幻覺或類似的東西，但它是一個真正的革命性的想法，就像相對論對牛頓物理學一樣。

We don't know why it works, but every time we try to quantify the amount of information in an enclosed space, it's always equal to the surface area of that space.

我們不知道為什麼會這樣，但每次我們試圖量化一個封閉空間的信息量時，它總是等於這個空間的表面積。

I guess it just goes to show that once again the universe is not intuitive to the human mind, but that doesn't mean once again, but we can't figure it out.

我想這只是表明，宇宙再一次對人類的頭腦來說是不直觀的，但這並不意味著再一次，但我們不能搞清楚。

Mm hmm.

嗯，嗯。

Hey, everybody thanks for watching and thank you to the Patreon patrons.

嘿，大家感謝觀看，並感謝Patreon贊助者。

There's 64 of you out there and I was bowled over by the support for this channel.

你們有64人，我被對這個頻道的支持所征服。

You can all consider yourself as part of a special Nerd writer club now and I have a lot of really cool things planned for you, Google hangouts treats you have no, you have no idea, it's gonna be fun.

你們現在都可以認為自己是一個特殊的書呆子作傢俱樂部的一部分，我為你們計劃了很多非常酷的事情，谷歌連線請客你沒有，你不知道，這會很有趣。

First things first, I'm going to collect all of your email so that I can send out a weekly or bi weekly newsletter, the Patreon patrons where you can hear about what's going to come up.

首先，我要收集你們所有的電子郵件，以便我可以每週或每兩週發送一次通訊，即Patreon贊助人，在那裡你們可以聽到將要發生的事情。

If you want to be a Patreon Patreon for the nerd writer, you can pledge as little as $1 to this channel.

如果你想成為書呆子作家的Patreon贊助者，你可以向這個頻道認捐1美元，就可以了。

Um, if you pledge a little bit more like $5 you could get a special nerd writer mug.

嗯，如果你再認捐一點，比如5美元，你可以得到一個特別的書呆子作家杯。

Oh my God, I was, I was so pumped in this game and you have no idea there's only one left, but if there's a demand, I will definitely order more and get more swag and things like that and it's just, it's just great.

哦，我的上帝，我是，我在這個遊戲中如此興奮，你不知道只剩下一個，但如果有需求，我肯定會訂購更多，得到更多的禮品和類似的東西，它只是，它只是偉大。

As always, I'm going to be in comments talking about the holographic principle.

像往常一樣，我將在評論中談及全息原理。