This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是BBC學習英語的新聞評論。

I'm Neil and joining me for this programme is Roy. Hello Roy.

我是尼爾，和我一起參加這個節目的是羅伊。你好，羅伊。

Hello Neil and hello everybody.

尼爾你好，大家好。

If you would like to test yourself on the vocabulary around this story,

如果你想測試一下自己在這個故事周圍的詞彙量。

all you need to do is head to our website

你需要做的就是前往我們的網站

bbclearningenglish.com to take a quiz.

bbclearningenglish.com來進行測驗。

But now, let me tell you more about this news story.

但是現在，讓我告訴你更多關於這個新聞故事。

So, a study found plastic particles in blood samples in 80% of people tested.

是以，一項研究發現80%的被測試者的血液樣本中有塑膠微粒。

This study was first published in the journal Environment International.

這項研究首次發表在《國際環境》雜誌上。

These findings suggest that plastic particles might have the ability

這些發現表明，塑膠微粒可能有能力

to move around the human body and enter organs.

以在人體周圍移動並進入器官。

The effects of microplastics in the body aren't known,

微塑膠在體內的影響尚不清楚。

but researchers say that the new results are concerning

但研究人員表示，新的結果令人擔憂

and that microplastics could damage human cells.

並認為微塑膠可能會損害人體細胞。

OK. You've been looking around the various news websites at this story.

好的。你已經在各個新聞網站上看了這個故事。

You've picked out some really interesting

你已經挑出了一些非常有趣的

vocabulary from headlines. What have you got?

詞彙來自頭條新聞。你得到了什麼？

We have 'filtered out', 'key risks' and 'adverse effects'.

我們有 "過濾掉的"、"關鍵風險 "和 "不利影響"。

'Filtered out', 'key risks' and 'adverse effects'.

'過濾掉'、'關鍵風險'和'不利影響'。

So, let's start with your first headline then please, Roy.

那麼，請讓我們從你的第一個標題開始，羅伊。

OK. So, our first headline comes from Fortune and it reads:

好的。是以，我們的第一個標題來自《財富》，內容如下。

'Filtered out' — removed completely.

'過濾掉'--完全刪除。

OK. So, this is a phrasal verb.

好的。所以，這是一個短語動詞。

First word is 'filtered' — F-I-L-T-E-R-E-D.

第一個詞是 "過濾的"--F-I-L-T-E-R-E-D。

Second word: 'out' — O-U-T.

第二個詞：'出'--O-U-T。

Now, this is a separable phrasal verb,

現在，這是一個可分離的短語動詞。

which means it can 'filter something out'

這意味著它可以 "過濾掉一些東西

or you can 'filter out something',

或者你可以 "過濾掉一些東西"。

and it basically means to remove something completely or to purify.

它的基本意思是徹底清除某些東西或淨化。

Yeah. So, the key here

是的。是以，這裡的關鍵是

is the word 'filter' that we can see in 'filtered'

是 "過濾 "這個詞，我們可以在 "過濾 "中看到。

and a 'filter', as an object,

和一個 "過濾器"，作為一個對象。

is something which prevents bad stuff going one way

是防止壞東西向一個方向發展的東西

and therefore you're only left with good stuff.

是以你只剩下好東西了。

Yeah. So, the idea...

是的。所以，這個想法...

for example, a good idea of this is a water 'filter'.

例如，水 "過濾器 "就是一個很好的想法。

So, when you're drinking water you maybe put water through a 'filter'

是以，當你喝水的時候，你可能會把水放在一個 "過濾器 "裡。

to remove or 'filter out' impurities.

去除或 "過濾掉 "雜質。

'Filter out' as a phrasal verb: the 'out' part,

過濾掉 "作為一個短語動詞："出來 "的部分。

the 'out'... the second word implies remove everything.

出"......第二個詞意味著刪除一切。

So, for example, when I'm editing a video

是以，例如，當我在編輯一個視頻時

I try to 'filter out' all the noise, the background noise,

我試圖 "過濾掉 "所有的噪音，背景噪音。

and just leave the voices of the presenters.

而只是留下主持人的聲音。

So, 'filter out' background noise in a video edit.

是以，在視頻編輯中 "過濾掉 "背景噪音。

OK. That's interesting, Roy. So, we're not just talking about fluids

好的。這很有趣，羅伊。所以，我們不只是在談論液體

like, in the example, blood or, as you just said, water.

比如說，在這個例子中，血液或者像你剛才說的，水。

We can 'filter' other things too.

我們也可以 "過濾 "其他東西。

Absolutely. So... let's talk about people.

絕對的。那麼......讓我們來談談人。

If you're doing a survey,

如果你在做一個調查。

maybe you want to only look at certain groups of people,

也許你想只看某些群體的人。

so we 'filter out' people from the survey,

所以我們從調查中'過濾'掉了一些人。

unwanted groups of people, if you like.

如果你願意的話，不需要的人群。

OK. Anything else we need to say about this?

好的。關於這一點，我們還有什麼需要說的嗎？

Well, we talked earlier about the word 'filter'.

好吧，我們之前談到了 "過濾器 "這個詞。

Now, the word 'filter' has other meanings. You can...

現在，"過濾器 "這個詞有其他含義。你可以...

'Filter' can mean to remove impurities

過濾 "可以指去除雜質

or, for example, if you're doing some work on spreadsheets

或者，例如，如果你正在做一些電子表格的工作

and you want to refine the results, you could filter the results.

而你想細化結果，你可以對結果進行過濾。

And another way that we can use 'filter'

而另一種我們可以使用'過濾器'的方式是

is that people — sometimes when they leave a building,

是，人們--有時當他們離開一棟建築時。

they may leave in a, sort of, small line — a thin line —

他們可能會留下一條小線--一條細線--。

and we say they are 'filtering out' of the building.

而我們說他們是'過濾'出建築物的。

Again, quite commonly we use the preposition 'out'.

同樣，我們很常見地使用介詞'出'。

And one final way: if news doesn't come out all at once —

maybe a breaking story comes out in pieces —

也許一個爆炸性的故事會在碎片中出現 -

we can say that the news is 'filtering', or 'filtering out',

我們可以說，新聞正在 "過濾"，或 "過濾掉"。

commonly used with the preposition 'out' again.

通常又與介詞'出'一起使用。

That's right, yes, because a 'filter' slows down the progress of something,

這是正確的，是的，因為 "過濾器 "減緩了一些事情的進展。

doesn't it, in order to make... to make it pure.

不是嗎，為了讓......讓它變得純粹。

Absolutely.

絕對的。

OK. Let's get a summary:

好的。讓我們來做個總結。

Talking of 'filtering' things, we have a story about pollution.

談到 "過濾 "事物，我們有一個關於汙染的故事。

What can our viewers do to watch that, Roy?

我們的觀眾可以做什麼來觀看，羅伊？

All you need to do is click the link in the description below.

你所需要做的就是點擊下面描述中的鏈接。

OK. Let's have a look at your next headline please.

好的。請讓我們看看你的下一個標題。

OK. So, our next headline comes from The Express and it reads:

好的。那麼，我們的下一個標題來自《快報》，內容如下。

'Key risks' — most significant potential dangers.

關鍵風險" - 最重要的潛在危險。

OK. So, 'key risks' is a two-word expression.

好的。是以，"關鍵風險 "是一個兩個字的表達。

The first word is 'key' — K-E-Y.

第一個詞是 "鑰匙" - K-E-Y。

The second word is 'risks' — R-I-S-K-S.

第二個詞是 "風險" - R-I-S-K-S。

And it means the most significant or...

而這意味著最重要的或...

most significant potential dangers.

最重要的潛在危險。

Yeah, OK. So, Roy, I know what 'key' is.

是的，好的。所以，羅伊，我知道 "鑰匙 "是什麼。

A 'key' is the little metal thing I use to open my front door.

鑰匙 "是我用來打開前門的小金屬物。

Is there a connection between this meaning and that meaning?

這個意義和那個意義之間有聯繫嗎？

Well, yeah. When we talk about... Interestingly there,

嗯，是的。當我們談及...有趣的是，在那裡。

when we talk about 'keys', it's a very important thing, right?

當我們談論 "鑰匙 "時，它是一個非常重要的東西，對嗎？

Because it opens the door.

因為它打開了這扇門。

Without a 'key' you're not getting in your house.

沒有 "鑰匙"，你就無法進入你的房子。

So, when we use the word 'key' in this sense,

是以，當我們在這個意義上使用 "關鍵 "一詞時。

we're talking about something that is very significant —

我們正在談論一些非常重要的事情 --

the most significant thing.

最重要的事情。

So, we're talking about the most significant 'risks' — the 'key risks'.

是以，我們正在談論最重要的 "風險"--"關鍵風險"。

We also use the word 'key' to talk about something very important.

我們也用 "關鍵 "一詞來談論非常重要的事情。

Yeah, we talk about 'key points', don't we?

是的，我們談到了 "關鍵點"，不是嗎？

Yeah. So, if you're making a speech,

是的。所以，如果你要做一個演講，

maybe you have a few 'key points' that you want to talk about.

也許你有幾個 "關鍵點"，你想談一談。

Other ways that we use 'key': you can talk about a 'key moment',

我們使用 "關鍵 "的其他方式：你可以談論一個 "關鍵時刻"。

maybe in your life or in your day — something really important.

也許在你的生活中或在你的日子裡--真正重要的事情。

Or you could talk about a 'key role' in the workplace:

或者你可以談一談工作場所的 "關鍵角色"。

somebody who is very important.

一個非常重要的人。

Yeah. You can also simply say that something or someone is 'key'.

是的。你也可以簡單地說，某事或某人是 "關鍵"。

Yes, or the 'key to' something. It is 'key to' something.

是的，或者說是 "關鍵 "的東西。它是 "關鍵 "的東西。

OK. So, 'risks': 'risks' are potential dangers.

好的。所以，"風險"："風險 "是潛在的危險。

Yes, that's right. So, when you go climbing,

是的，這是對的。所以，當你去爬山的時候。

for example, there is a 'risk' of falling, a danger of falling,

例如，有跌倒的 "風險"，有跌倒的危險。

especially if you don't use the correct equipment when you're climbing.

特別是如果你在攀登時沒有使用正確的設備。

Or in, sort of, lighter terms than that

或者說，用比這更輕鬆的術語來說

you could, sort of, say that — talking about the weather —

你可以這樣說 -- 談論天氣 --

you could say there is a 'risk' of rain: it might rain today.

你可以說有下雨的 "風險"：今天可能下雨。

Now, in both of those cases, both falling and rain,

現在，在這兩種情況下，都是下降和下雨。

it is a negative thing that we don't want to happen

這是一個我們不希望發生的負面事件

and is in danger potentially of happening.

並有可能發生的危險。

That's right. OK. Let's get a summary:

這就對了。好的。讓我們來做個總結。

OK. We will be talking about 'effects' in our next headline

好的。我們將在下一個標題中討論 "效果"。

and that is a word which is often confused with another word, 'affect',

這是一個經常與另一個詞 "影響 "混淆的詞。

and we've got a programme explaining the difference, haven't we, Roy?

我們已經有一個節目來解釋其中的區別，不是嗎，羅伊？

Yes, we do. All we need to do to watch that

是的，我們有。我們所需要做的就是看那

is click the link in the description below.

是點擊下面描述中的鏈接。

Right. Your next headline please.

對。你的下一個頭條新聞，請。

OK. So, our next headline is about

好的。是以，我們的下一個頭條新聞是關於

how potentially plastics may enter the bloodstream

潛在的塑膠是如何進入血液的

and it is from News Medical and it reads:

它來自《新聞醫學》，內容如下。

'Adverse effects' — negative and harmful consequences.

不良影響"--消極和有害的後果。

OK. So, this is a two-word expression.

好的。所以，這是一個兩個字的表達。

First word 'adverse' — it is A-D-V-E-R-S-E.

第一個詞'不利'--它是A-D-V-E-R-S-E。

Second word: 'effects' — E-F-F-E-C-T-S.

第二個詞："影響" - E-F-F-E-C-T-S。

And basically what it means is negative, unwanted

基本上它的意思是負面的、不需要的

or potentially harmful consequences or results.

或潛在的有害後果或結果。

OK. So, this word 'adverse' — tell me about that.

好的。所以，這個詞 "不利"--告訴我。

It's an adjective, right?

這是個形容詞，對嗎？

Yeah. So, we talk quite commonly

是的。是以，我們很經常地談論

about things like 'adverse effects' of too much television,

諸如電視太多產生的 "不利影響 "之類的事情。

or maybe too much social media.

或者也許有太多的社交媒體。

Now 'adverse' can be used in a number of ways

現在'不利'可以用在很多方面

and it means very bad or negative,

和它的意思是非常糟糕或消極。

so you're talking about the negative or damaging effects of social media.

所以你說的是社交媒體的負面或破壞性影響。

In terms of weather, you could talk about 'adverse' weather conditions

就天氣而言，你可以談論 "惡劣 "的天氣狀況

when they are maybe unexpected and potentially dangerous

當它們可能是意外的和潛在的危險時

weather conditions.

天氣狀況。

Or maybe you're in an 'adverse situation'.

或者是你處於 "不利的情況"。

Now, it's mainly used for quite serious situations which involve danger.

現在，它主要用於涉及危險的相當嚴重的情況。

I wouldn't really use this word in, sort of, everyday use.

我不會真的在日常使用中使用這個詞，排序。

I wouldn't say: 'Ugh, I had an adverse conversation yesterday.'

我不會說：'唉，我昨天有一次不利的談話。

It's more for something really serious and potentially dangerous.

這更多的是針對一些非常嚴重和有潛在危險的事情。

Yeah, a situation in which there is 'adversity'

是的，一個有'逆境'的情況

and 'adversity' is the noun form of that word 'adverse'.

而'逆境'是該詞'逆境'的名詞形式。

Yes. And you mentioned nouns there.

是的。而你在那裡提到了名詞。

So, also the word 'affect' and 'effects':

是以，還有 "影響 "和 "效果 "這個詞。

as we mentioned, with the English In A Minute we talk about that.

正如我們所提到的，在《一分鐘英語》中我們談到了這一點。

'Affect' with an 'a', A-F-F-E-C-T, is the verb

帶有 "a "的 "影響"，A-F-F-E-C-T，是動詞。

and effect is E-F-F-E-C-T and it is the noun.

和效果是E-F-F-E-C-T，它是名詞。

Now, you can have...

現在，你可以擁有...

you can 'affect' somebody as a verb,

你可以把 "影響 "某人作為一個動詞。

or you can have 'an effect' on somebody.

或者你可以對某人產生 "影響"。

Now, important to notice that these two worlds are both neutral:

現在，重要的是要注意，這兩個世界都是中性的。

you can have a positive or negative 'effect'.

你可以有一個積極或消極的 "效果"。

It is the adjective before that changes the meaning.

是前面的形容詞改變了意思。

OK. Let's get a summary, Roy:

好的。讓我們來總結一下，羅伊。

Time now for a recap of our vocabulary please, Roy.

現在是時候回顧一下我們的詞彙了，請羅伊。

OK. We had 'filtered out' — removed completely.

好的。我們已經 "過濾掉"--完全刪除。

We had 'adverse effects' — negative and harmful consequences.

我們有'不利影響'--消極和有害的後果。

And we had 'key risks' — most significant potential dangers.

我們有 "關鍵風險" - 最重要的潛在危險。

If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary,

如果你想測試一下自己的詞彙量。

there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.

我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com上有一個測驗。

Go there and take the test.

去那裡參加測試。

Thanks for joining us and see you again soon.

謝謝你加入我們，我們很快會再見面。

Bye.

再見。