This is 6 Minute English

這就是6分鐘英語

from BBC Learning English.

來自BBC學習英語。

I'm Sam.

我是山姆。

And I'm Neil.

而我是尼爾。

Did you have a cup of coffee

你是否喝了一杯咖啡

this morning, Neil?

今天早上，尼爾？

Oh yes, I can't start the

哦，是的，我不能啟動

day without my morning cup

沒有早晨的杯子的日子

of coffee...

的咖啡......。

or two... or three!

或兩個...或三個!

And what do you like about

那麼你喜歡什麼呢？

coffee so much?

咖啡這麼多？

Well, that lovely smell

嗯，那可愛的氣味

for one thing!

一件事!

And,

還有。

of course, it wakes me up

當然，它讓我醒了

and gets me ready to

並讓我準備好

face the world.

面對世界。

Ah, you mean the

啊，你是說

caffeine hit - the effect

咖啡因的衝擊 - 效果

of caffeine, which is a

的咖啡因，它是一種

natural stimulant, on your

天然刺激劑，對你的

brain making you feel

大腦讓你感到

more awake.

更加醒目。

Do you think,

你是否認為。

maybe, you're...

也許，你是...

addicted to coffee?

對咖啡上癮？

It's not just me, Sam.

不僅僅是我，山姆。

Have

有

you seen how busy coffee shops

你看到咖啡店有多忙了嗎？

are nowadays?!

現在是嗎？

Full of people

充滿了人

enjoying delicious coffee

享受美味的咖啡

from all around the world!

來自世界各地的人!

Well, it wasn't always like

好吧，這並不總是像

that, Neil.

這一點，尼爾。

The first coffee

第一杯咖啡

to reach Britain in the

抵達英國的

17th century took months to

17世紀花了幾個月的時間來

arrive by sea.

通過海路到達。

It was made

它是由

by boiling raw coffee beans,

通過煮沸生咖啡豆。

and apparently tasted awful!

而且顯然味道很糟！"。

In this programme, we'll be

在這個節目中，我們將

looking into the history of

審視歷史

coffee in Britain, and

英國的咖啡，以及

as usual, we'll be learning

像往常一樣，我們將學習

some related vocabulary too.

也有一些相關的詞彙。

But before that, I have a

但在這之前，我有一個

question for you.

問你一個問題。

The earliest coffee to

最早的咖啡是

arrive in Britain took its

抵達英國後，其

name from the port in

中的端口的名稱。

Yemen it was shipped from.

葉門，它是從那裡運來的。

So, what was it called?

那麼，它叫什麼呢？

Was it:

是這樣的。

a) Cappuccino?

a) 卡布奇諾？

b) Mocha?

b) 摩卡？

or

或

c) Latte?

c) 拿鐵？

I'll say b) Mocha.

我說b）摩卡。

OK.

好的。

I'll reveal the answer

我將揭曉答案

later in the programme.

在節目的後面。

Britain's love affair with

英國的戀情

coffee started with the

咖啡開始與

opening of London's first

倫敦的第一間

coffee shop in 1652.

1652年的咖啡店。

People loved the effect -

人們喜歡這種效果 --

coffee made them more

咖啡使他們更加

talkative and brighter, it

健談和明亮，它

kept them awake for longer,

讓他們更長時間保持清醒。

and the drink became more

和飲料變得更

and more popular.

而且更受歡迎。

Within a

在一個

decade over eighty new

十年來，有八十多個新的

coffee shops had opened in

餐館已經開張。

the City of London alone.

僅僅是倫敦市。

By the 1800s, though, tea

不過，到了19世紀，茶葉

had replaced coffee as the

已取代咖啡成為

most fashionable drink,

最時尚的飲料。

partly because it was drunk

部分原因是它喝醉了

by Queen Victoria.

維多利亞女王的作品。

Listen as

聆聽

Judith Hawley, an expert on

茱迪絲-霍利，一個關於

18th century literature,

18世紀的文學。

takes up the story with BBC

與英國廣播公司（BBC）合作，報道了這一事件

Radio 4 programme, In Our Time.

第四電臺節目《我們的時代》。

It became more of a working-class

它變得更像一個工人階級

drink.

飲料。

So, there were coffee

所以，有咖啡

shacks and carts like these

像這樣的棚屋和小車

sort of little street carts

那種小街車

that you get still in London,

你仍然在倫敦得到的。

and you get all over New York,

和你得到整個紐約。

that is a cheap, quick drinks

那是一種廉價的、快速的飲料

to perk you up.

讓你振作起來。

And the

而

Temperance Movement sponsored

節制運動贊助

coffee taverns to try to wean

咖啡館，嘗試斷奶

working men off going to

勞動者去參加

the pub for lunch.

在酒館吃午飯。

So, it moved.

所以，它動了。

It declined seriously and has

它嚴重衰退，並已

never fully recovered even

甚至從未完全恢復過

in the current coffee boom.

在當前的咖啡熱潮中。

In the 17th century there was

在17世紀，有

a coffee boom - an increase

咖啡熱潮--增加

in its popularity.

在其受歡迎程度。

One of

其一

the reasons was that coffee

的原因是，咖啡

perks you up - gives you more

讓你振作起來--給你更多

energy and makes

能源，並使

you more active.

你更積極。

Drinking coffee was also

喝咖啡也是

supported by a social group

得到一個社會團體的支持

called the Temperance Movement,

稱為 "節制運動"。

who campaigned to make alcohol

爭取使酒精

illegal.

非法的。

They used coffee to

他們用咖啡來

wean men off alcohol - make

讓男人戒酒--讓

them gradually stop using

他們逐漸停止使用

something they had

他們有的東西

become addicted to.

成癮。

Coffee changed British society

咖啡改變了英國社會

and continues to do so today.

並在今天繼續這樣做。

Here's Professor Judith Hawley

這裡是朱迪思-霍利教授

again, talking to BBC Radio 4's,

再次與英國廣播公司第四臺的談話。

In Our Time, about the

在我們的時代，關於

situation today.

今天的情況。

I think if we look at the way

我認為，如果我們看一下

coffee consumption is going

咖啡消費正在走向

today it seems to me to set out

今天，在我看來，它似乎是在闡述

two quite radical alternatives

兩個相當激進的選擇

for the world.

為世界。

One is the

一個是

world of corporate coffee, the

在企業咖啡的世界中

coffee chains existing on a

啡連鎖店存在於一個

low wage economy.

低工資經濟。

So, you have

是以，你有

that kind of mass coffee market

那樣的大眾咖啡市場

on the one hand.

一方面。

One the other

一個另一個

hand you have these microlot

你有這些微lot

estates, Fairtrade coffee, the

莊園、公平貿易咖啡、。

sort of hipster coffee which

某種時髦的咖啡，其中

is as varied and as

是多種多樣的，也是

interesting as fine wines and

趣味性強，如同美酒和

is made in an artisanal way.

是以手工方式製作的。

Many customers today are

今天的許多客戶是

turning away from large coffee

拒絕大杯咖啡

chains like Starbucks, in

星巴克等連鎖店，在

search of a more responsibly

尋找一個更負責任的

sourced cup of coffee.

源的一杯咖啡。

One example of this is

這方面的一個例子是

Fairtrade, an ethical standards

公平貿易，一個道德標準

scheme which guarantees a

的計劃，保證了一個

fair price for coffee producers

為咖啡生產商提供公平的價格

in South America, Africa and Asia.

在南美洲、非洲和亞洲。

Another recent development is

另一個最近的發展是

the use of microlots - small plots

使用微型地塊--小地塊

of land which grow specialised

增長專業的土地的

coffee beans prized for their

咖啡豆的價值在於其

high quality and unique flavour.

高質量和獨特的風味。

Fairtrade and microlot coffee

公平貿易和小批量咖啡

are part of a shift in focus

是焦點轉移的一部分

towards quality, artisanal

朝著高質量、手工製作的方向發展

coffee - coffee made by hand,

咖啡 - 手工製作的咖啡。

in the traditional way by

在傳統的方式下，由

skilled growers.

熟練的種植者。

It's

它是

artisanal coffee that's often

往往是手工製作的咖啡

sold in smaller, independent

在較小的、獨立的

coffee shops preferred

咖啡店優先

by trendy hipsters.

由時髦的潮人。

So, coffee in Britain has come

是以，英國的咖啡已經來到

a long way from the days it

與過去相比，現在的情況已大不相同。

travelled for months by sea

海上旅行了幾個月

from faraway places like

來自遙遠的地方，如

Ethiopia and Java - which

衣索匹亞和爪哇--這

reminds me, Sam, what was the

提醒我，山姆，什麼是

answer to your question.

回答你的問題。

I asked Neil which city gave

我問尼爾哪個城市給

its name to the first coffee

它的名字是第一個咖啡

to arrive in Britain

抵達英國

in the 1600s.

在16世紀。

I guessed it was b) Mocha,

我猜是b）摩卡。

which happens to be

這恰好是

my favourite drink.

我最喜歡的飲料。

Well, you guessed right

嗯，你猜對了

because that was the correct

因為那是正確的

answer!

回答！

You certainly know

你當然知道

your coffee, Neil.

你的咖啡，尼爾。

Right, let's recap the

對了，讓我們回顧一下

vocabulary we've used in

我們已經在

this programme on the

本節目在

history of coffee, a drink

咖啡的歷史，一種飲料

which can perk you up -

這可以使你振作起來 -

give you more energy

給你更多的能量

and make you feel awake.

並使你感到清醒。

Many people drink coffee

許多人喝咖啡

for the caffeine hit - the

為咖啡因的打擊 -

way caffeine, which is

咖啡因的方式，它是

contained in coffee, stimulates

咖啡中所含有的，能刺激

your body and mind.

你的身體和心靈。

The effect

效果

can be so strong you might

可以是如此強大，你可能

have to wean yourself

必須要斷奶

off it - gradually stop using

關閉它 - 逐漸停止使用

something which is bad for you.

對你有害的東西。

Fairtrade coffee refers to a

公平貿易咖啡指的是一種

scheme which ensures that coffee

該計劃確保咖啡

farmers receive a fair price

農民得到公平的價格

for growing their product,

為增長他們的產品。

while a microlot is a small

而微型地段是一個小

plot of land specialising in

一塊地，專門從事

coffee beans of a very high

屬於非常高等級的咖啡豆

quality or unique flavour.

品質或獨特的風味。

Finally, artisanal describes

最後，手工業者描述了

something made by artisans -

由工匠製作的東西 -

skilled workers who make things

技術工人制造的東西

by hand in a traditional way.

以傳統方式手工製作。

Once again, our six minutes up.

再一次，我們的六分鐘到了。

I'm off to get myself a

我去給自己買一個

hot steamy mocha.

熱騰騰的摩卡。

Bye for now!

暫時再見

Goodbye!

再見!