Man 1: Come explore with us!

Man 2: I am like trembling right now!

Voiceover: I have the coolest job in the world.

Now we're building things to understand more

about the world around us.

Woman 1: I love this!

Man 3: That was insane.

( cry of joy )

Voiceover: We found eight new species of fish.

Man 4: Look.

Man 5: This is what we lost.

Woman 2: It turns out

people really don't believe we can do this.

Voiceover: That's awesome, that's why I do what I do.

( applause )

Boyd: And why don't we begin

with our Explorer-in-Residence.

We'll begin with Enric.

Enric: Great!

I'm going to tell you a little story now.

When I was a kid growing up on the Mediterranean coast of Spain

I was completely fascinated by the documentaries

that Jacques Cousteau showed us on TV.

Now, that was in the 70s and he showed us

these amazing coral reefs lots of sharks, whales,

sea lions, it was so fantastic.

But when I was swimming in the ocean,

when I was diving, when I was later the professor

at the University of California,

this what I saw.

Those coral reefs that he showed us were gone.

Places that I loved were less and less alive over time.

So I was studying human impacts in the ocean.

And I saw those dead reefs covered by algae

and slime and the big fishes were gone.

These fish that you can see

are smaller than my diving masks.

I quit my job as a professor

and I just started going to these remote places.

And I started this project that we call Pristine Seas.

The goal of this project is to go to the most remote,

uninhabited, untouched places in the ocean,

the wildest places in the ocean.

A coral reef that looks like this,

where the corals are alive and predators dominate.

And we combine exploration, scientific research,

compelling media and then we inspire

the leaders of the countries that own these places

to protect them in very large reserves.

In the last five years, we've been to nine places.

And we got five protected.

Covering a total of almost half a million square kilometers.

And in the next few years we are going to

a few more of these places to try to protect

the last places that still look like the ocean

that was thousands of years ago.

Thank you.

( applause )

Boyd: Now Tristram Stuart

is gonna give us a little overview of his work quickly.

Tristram: We're chopping down rainforest

to grow more food but at the same time,

a billion people are hungry.

And yet we're wasting one third

of the world's food supply.

That is something of a tragedy

but I've made it my life's mission

to show that this is a colossal opportunity.

If we need to cut down our environmental impact

and increase food availability where it's needed most,

cutting food waste is a really good place to start.

These green beans show you just how simple

some of the solutions to food waste can be.

I draw your attention to the word trimmed.

These beans have been trimmed to size

to fit into these plastic containers.

That means that Kenyan farmers

growing these beans for export to European markets, are cutting

sometimes 30, 40 percent of the beans they've grown

in a country were the land and the water

that they're using to grow these beans

are scarce resources.

20 tons a day of waste coming out of

this single depot, just outside Nairobi,

and contractors collecting this waste

have to sign a contract saying they won't feed

any of this good food to hungry people.

It will all be treated as waste.

We're paying for that crime in our supply chains.

What we did is four things.

First of all,

raise awareness through public campaigns

on ugly fruit and vegetables

and why these standards are unnecessary.

Number two, pass a law within the United Kingdom

saying that when supermarkets cause their suppliers to waste food,

they should share the cost of it.

Number three, help farmers in those countries

develop secondary markets

to get some of that food to markets.

And number four, work with the supermarkets

to change those standards.

We got Tescos to change the way they ask

for the beans to be trimmed.

They now trim only on one side of the bean

rather than two, it's not far enough.

They've gone half way but Kenyan farmers...

( laughter )

...are producing five percent more bean

per unit of production than they were before.

We did that in a few months.

Similar story with bananas in Ecuador.

That's the waste of one banana plantation

after one day of harvest.

Bananas in Costa Rica.

These are carrots being wasted

because they are too long

to fit into these supermarket plastic crates.

It's crazy and it's happening everywhere.

We have led a global revolution against food waste

by doing positive campaigning

and feeding the five thousand,

which is the name of our organization,

at an event that we used to launch our campaigns

where we feed five thousand people, all on food

that would otherwise be wasted,

"Filling bellies, not bins".

We also set up the Gleaning Network in Britain

and now across Europe were we take volunteers

to fields to harvest some of this unused crop

and get it people who are hungry

and also communicate about those basic,

original sources of food waste

and what we can do about it.

My next mission is to come to America.

I'm here now and I'm making friends.

( applause )

And I will show you why it's most important.

What this shows is that America has

twice as much food in its shops and restaurants

than is actually required

to keep the population alive.

That is a huge opportunity to save money,

save resources, save impact on the environment.

We're gonna start with portion sizes

and we're gonna move up to the farms.

We're gonna cause a food waste revolution

here in America,

we're coming soon.

Thank you very much.

( applause )

Boyd: Excellent.

And now Shivani Bhalla from our Big Cats initiative in Kenya.

Shivani: In under a century we have lost

over 90 percent of our planet's lions.

Where I'm from in Kenya

the situation is just as serious.

We have only two thousand lions left in our country.

We work to try and understand

why this is happening.

Lions are running out of space.

They also come in to contact with people.

The local people, whose livelihoods

depend on their livestock, are often targeted by lions.

In Samburu, in northern Kenya where I live,

our population has grown from 11 lions

to over 50 now as a result of conservation efforts.

I work with a team and our mission is

to promote the co-existence

between lions and people in northern Kenya.

We do this through a number of community programs.

One of which is our warrior program

known as Warrior Watch.

Here in this picture

you see three of the warriors I work with.

Previously neglected when it came to conservation,

these warriors are now wildlife ambassadors.

They're engaged in conservation.

We have 16 warriors now working in the region.

When we started the program,

we asked the warriors what would you like

in exchange for all this great wildlife information

that you give us?

And they said, we would like education.

We have never been to school.

These are young men aged between 15 to 25,

who've never had that opportunity to go

and learn how to read and write.

We've now changed this.

And over the last five years

all 17 of our warriors can read and write,

both in English and the national language, Kiswahili.

This picture was taken a couple of weeks ago

at our annual lion kids camp.

They've never seen a lion.

They've only heard negative experiences with lions.

They'd seen the remains of a camel

after a lion had preyed on them.

But we changed that,

we took these kids to see their first ever lion.

And their faces say it all.

As they saw their first lion

they whispered to me, Simba Simba.

( laughter )

And this is what gives me hope for the future.

Thank you.

( applause )

Boyd: And now Jack Andraka, our inventor.

Jack: So I suppose my story really began

when I was 13, when a close family friend,

who was like an uncle to me,

actually passed away from pancreatic cancer.

And when the disease hit so close to home,

I knew I needed to learn more.

So I went online to find answers

and what I had found really shocked me.

You see 85 percent of all pancreatic cancers

are diagnosed late, when someone has

less than a two percent chance of survival.

And as I looked deeper,

I found an even more shocking statistic.

You see there is currently no standard way

for detecting pancreatic cancer.

Our conventional method is the 60 year old technique.

I mean first off that's older than my dad...

( laughter )

...but also it costs $800 per test

and it's grossly inaccurate, missing 30 percent of all cancers

and thus is rarely ever used

for screening of pancreatic cancer.

So armed with eighth grade biology,

I decided to set out to change the field

of cancer diagnostics.

( laughter )

Bit lofty of a goal but I was going to do it.

And so essentially what I did is

I stumbled across how we are currently diagnosing

these cancers and what we're doing is

we're looking at your blood stream

particularly for these variations in protein levels

and while it sounds extremely straightforward,

it's anything but because you have liters and liters of blood

which is about an innumerable numbers of these proteins.

So it's like trying to find a needle in a stack

of nearly identical needles.

However, undeterred due to my teenage optimism

or how some people label it,

complete and utter ignorance of the entire field,

I continued on and I essentially found

a database of 8000 proteins

that are found in your bloodstream

when you have these cancers.

Essentially I found this one protein

that I could use called mesothelin

and it's just your ordinary run of the mill type protein,

unless of course you have

pancreatic, ovarian or lung cancer.

In which case it's found in these very high levels

in your blood stream.