We put 15 high school kids into a tempting situation to see if they'd lie.

我們把 15 個高中生放在一個誘人的處境下，看他們是否會說謊。

We told them we wanted to test the relationship between height and coordination.

我們說想要測試他們身高和協調性的關係。

That was, in fact, a lie.

那其實就是一個謊言。

First, we measured height.

我們會先量身高。

Next, we invited them to toss bean bags through three holes of decreasing size.

接下來，會請他們把豆袋丟進三個由小到大的洞。

And to make it more interesting, we told them we'd pay them $3 for each bean bag they got through the smallest hole, $2 for middle-sized, and $1 for the biggest hole.

為了增添趣味，我們說如過把豆袋丟進最小的洞可以拿三美元，中的拿二美元，最大的洞拿一美元。

And to make it tempting, we asked them to track their own scores.

為了讓遊戲更誘人，我們要他們自己紀錄成績。

Ah, do you see where we're going with this?

你知道我們還要做什麼嗎？

But to keep it scientific, we used a hidden camera to watch what really happened.

為了保持科學專業，我們會用隱藏攝影機監控發生的事。

Watch this kid.

看看這個孩子。

Here's his actual score.

這是他的真實成績。

And listen to his report!

聽他的回報！

- What was your score? - Three threes, two twos.

- 你成績多少？- 三個三、兩個二。

That's a 240% lie!

這 240% 是說謊！

But this young man claimed that out of a possible $15, he had earned...

但這個年輕人卻在最高上限 15 的美元中​​，說他賺了…

- What was your score? - Sixteen.

- 你的成績多少？- 十六。

- Sixteen? Okay. - Yeah, it is.

- 十六？好。- 對。沒錯。

All told, 80% of the subjects lied.

總共有 80% 的試驗者都說謊。

And the irony here is that most of these subjects had just finished a Bible study class.

諷刺的是這些試驗者大多數才剛上完聖經學習班。

So, wha⏤what's going on? Are these just bad kids? Do we lie just because we can?

到底怎麼了？他們是壞小孩嗎？只要可以我們就能說謊嗎？

Here's some B.S. you can use.

這裡有一些你可以使用的 B.S.。

When we and others lie, we typically attribute it to a moral defect.

我們和其他人說謊時，我們通常會將其歸因於道德缺陷。

Well, I do! I think either I'm evil, or more likely, he's evil.

我會！我認為不是我太壞，就可能是他太壞。

We watch others tell lies, and we think they must just have a cankered soul.

我們看著別人說謊，並認為他們會有一個腐敗的靈魂。

The psychologist Albert Bandura suggests much of our problem isn't "moral defect", but "moral slumber".

心理學家亞伯特·班度拉認為，我們大部分的問題不是「道德缺陷」，而是「道德沉睡」。

In other words, we're capable of making good, moral choices, but we just aren't thinking about this choice as a moral one.

換句話說，我們有能力做出好的道德選擇，但我們不認為這種選擇是道德的。

We're morally... asleep!

我們的道德睡著了！

You know, this is a pretty big idea.

這是一個很大的想法。

Because if it's true, we need to spend less time judging each other, and more effort alerting each other.

因為如果這是真的，我們就要花少點時間評判別人，花更多努力去點醒他人。

But would that work?

但有用嗎？

Next, we brought in 15 more kids and gave them the same instructions.

接下來，我們又帶了 15 名高中生，並給他們一樣的指令。

The only change this time was we asked them to promise to be honest.

唯一改變的是，這次他們要保證會誠實。

We assured them they were on their own, but invited them to indicate their commitment by signing an honor code.

我們向他們保證是獨立進行，但邀請他們通過簽署榮譽守則來表明他們的承諾。

That's the moral wake-up call.

這就是道德的警示。

Now, watch what happens.

現在來看發生什麼事。

Here's the star of the high school basketball team, a boy name Jake, and he scores...

Jake 是高中籃球隊的明星，他的成績是...

And he reports...

然後他回報...

Six.

六。

He faces humiliation with honesty.

他誠實地面對羞辱。

In this condition, the results were reversed.

在這個情況下，結果就顛倒了。

This time, 80% told the truth.

這次 80% 的學生都說實話。

That's staggering! They traded money for morality willingly!

這是驚人的！他們心甘情願用金錢換道德！

So, what's the point?

那重點是什麼？

Many of our moral lapses aren't conscious, but mindless.

我們許多道德失誤並不是有意的，而是無意的。

It isn't that we compromise our conscience, it's that our conscience is asleep; it's left the building!

不是我們的良心妥協，而是我們的良心睡著了，它離開了我們了！

We can make the world a more moral place by simply judging less and talking more.

我們只需少評判多說話，就能讓世界變得更有道德。

We can assume others just aren't aware and give them and us a moral wake-up call.

我們可以假設其他人只是不知道，然後給他們和自己一個道德警示。

A little nudge to invite them to bring values they already hold to a specific decision.

稍微刺激一下，使他們將已經持有的價值觀帶入特定的決定中。

But you have to do it in the right way.

但你要用正確的方式做這件事。

Not a lecture, not a command; a polite reminder, preferably prior to the moment of decision.

不是演講、不是命令，而是禮貌的提醒，最好是在做出決定之前。

Well, let's say you're getting an estimate for a car repair.

假設你正在估算汽車維修費用。

Don't shy away from saying, "It's very important to me to be treated fairly. May I have your word that you will look out for my interests?"

不要不敢說：「公平對待對我來說非常重要，我可以要你保證說你會替我的利益著想嗎？」

There's a big message here for leaders.

這裡有一個重要的訊息給領導者。

If you aren't frequently infusing work place decisions with appropriate, moral meaning, you and your people will likely drift off into moral slumber.

如果你沒有經常為工作場所的決定注入適當的道德意義，那你和你的員工很可能會陷入道德沉睡。

So, you have two options: Either offer moral wake-up calls or invest more in auditing.

所以你有兩種選擇：不是提供道德警示，就是在查帳投入更多資金。

- What was your score? - Sixteen.

- 你的分數多少？- 十六。

- Sixteen? Okay. - Yeah, it is.

- 十六？好。- 對，沒錯。

I'm David Maxfield.

我是大衛·馬克斯菲爾德。

And I'm Joseph Grenny.

我是約瑟·格雷尼。

And that's all the B.S. for today.

以上就是今天的 B.S.。

Sharpen your behavioral science skills by subscribing to our channel for our latest videos and updates.

訂閱我們的頻道以觀看最新的影片和更新，進而提升你在行為科學上的能力。

Click here to subscribe, where we always promise share some B.S. you can use.

點擊此處訂閱，我們承諾會分享一些供你使用的 B.S.。

One of the... the biggest drivers of moral disengagement is social norms.

社會規範是道德脫推的最大驅力之一。

If you enter a system where other people seem to be okay with moral lapses, then we adopt that immediately in an unquestioning way.

如果你進入一個其他人似乎都可以接受道德失誤的制度，那麼我們會立即以毫無疑問的方式接受它。

It's easy! Another is where there are set rules to follow, and we're used to following and setting these protocols and we don't notice that these protocols are now coming into conflict with broader, moral principles.

就是這麼容易！另一個要遵循的既定規則是，我們過去會採用和規定這些禮節，卻沒注意到這些禮節與更廣泛的道德原則正在發生衝突。