Zero-waste products like these are supposed to reduce trash.

像是這樣的零廢棄產品應該要能減少垃圾量。

We've saved literally millions of packages from landfill, and that's really important to me.

我們已經避免了數以百萬計的包裝被丟入垃圾掩埋場中，而這對我而言非常重要。

But there are still billions of bottles that end up in landfills and on beaches every year.

但每年仍有數以億計的空瓶最後被丟棄到垃圾掩埋場與海灘上。

So, can recipes like this really help cut worldwide waste?

所以像是這樣的做法真的可以幫助減少全球的垃圾量嗎？

We went to factories in Vancouver and Tasmania to find out.

我們前往了位於加拿大溫哥華與澳洲塔斯馬尼亞的工廠，想找出答案。

At Beauty and the Bees in Tasmania, a mix of oils and melted beeswax are the first ingredients in a shampoo bar.

位於塔斯馬尼亞的「美麗與蜜蜂」工廠中，各種油脂與融化的蜂蠟為洗髮皂的第一批原料。

We've never used any plastic packaging, ever; we use only paper, tin, glass, or wood.

我們從不使用任何的塑膠包裝。我們只用紙、錫、玻璃或木頭。

Jill Saunders started Beauty and the Bees 30 years ago.

Jill Saunders 在 30 年前成立了「美麗與蜜蜂」公司。

Her products use only natural ingredients.

她的產品只使用天然原料。

It's entirely chemical-free, and the suds are biodegradable⏤that's very important, too.

完全沒有任何化學藥劑，搓出的泡沫也是可生物分解的。這同樣也是非常重要的一點。

Clay from the Atlas Mountains in Morocco blended with castor oil makes the shampoo thick and foamy.

來自摩洛哥阿特拉斯山脈的陶土混和了蓖麻油，讓洗髮精變得黏稠而泡沫濃密。

So, he [is] gonna pour.

他會先把這個倒進去。

Workers add Tasmanian leatherwood honey and lye.

工人們加入了塔斯馬尼亞松香蜂蜜與鹼水。

Lye is an ancient ingredient that turns the mixture into soap for the hair.

鹼水是種古老的原料成分，能將混和物轉化為用於洗髮的香皂。

The clay, oil, beeswax, and lye become a liquid shampoo that's then poured into a bin and wheeled into a drying room, where it sits for two days.

陶土、油、蜂蠟以及鹼水變成了液態洗髮精，接著在被倒入一個鐵桶後推進乾燥室中靜置兩天。

Then it's cut and packaged into biodegradable boxes.

接著它會被裁切，並被包裝進可生物分解的盒子中。

Mass-produced shampoo often uses artificial foaming agents like sodium lauryl sulfate.

大規模生產的洗髮精通常會使用像是月桂基硫酸鈉等的人造起泡劑。

Those go down the drain and can end up in the oceans.

這些化學劑被排入下水道後最後可能會進入海洋之中。

Saunders says that's partly why customers want to buy her bars, which break down safely in nature.

Saunders 表示這是顧客們想要購買她洗髮皂的部分原因，因為她的洗髮皂能在自然中安全分解。

She sells 100,000 of them a year.

她每年能賣上 10 萬個。

But that's still only a tiny fraction of the 2-billion-dollar shampoo market.

但這在價值 20 億美元的洗髮精市場中不過是杯水車薪。

It's extremely hard to get people to understand shampoo bars.

要讓人們了解洗髮皂的好處非常困難。

People are beginning to understand, but it is still very fringe.

人們有開始在理解了，但仍佔非常少數。

Fringe because mass-market shampoo in plastic bottles dominated store shelves and TV ads for decades.

這是因為為大規模市場製造的塑膠瓶洗髮精在數十年霸佔了商店內的貨架與電視上的廣告位置。

A new shampoo with vitamins, minerals, protein, and a...

帶有維他命、礦物質、蛋白質的全新洗髮精。

But experts say a growing number of consumers, especially millennials, now want to buy biodegradable beauty products.

然而專家表示，現今想要購買可生物分解美容產品的顧客正逐漸增加，特別是千禧世代。

This is something that we are seeing happen in the shampoo category where "how" matters, like how the product is made.

這是我們在洗髮精類別中正在目睹的現象。「如何」變得非常重要，例如像是商品是「如何」製成的。

Lush Cosmetics scaled for mass production years ago, and now sells about 20 million dollars' worth of shampoo bars every year.

Lush 美妝公司在數年前擴大為大規模生產，現在每年能賣出價值 2000 萬美元的洗髮皂。

We have seen, really, a shift from customers, and more and more folks looking at how they can be more environmentally friendly in their own lives.

我們在消費者的態度上看到了確實的轉變，並且有越來越多的人正在生活中尋求對環境更加友善的方法。

Lush showed us how they make one of their top-sellers, the Seanik shampoo bar.

Lush 向我們展示了他們的暢銷品：藍海洋洗髮皂的製作方法。

This 12-disc lasts for 80 washes and replaces about three shampoo bottles.

這塊要價 12 美元的洗髮皂能使用 80 次，等同於大約 3 罐洗髮精。

Sea salt, lemon and orange flower oils, and two types of seaweed.

海研、檸檬與柳橙花精油，以及兩種海草。

These are dried sheets of nori seaweed being fed into a paper shredder.

乾燥的海苔被送進了碎紙機中。

They're added right at the end.

它們會在製程的最後被加入進去。

The smell is quite strong; it'll remind you of sitting on the beach, hanging out by the ocean.

這個味道挺強烈的。能讓你回想起坐在海灘，看著海放鬆的情景。

The same kind of food coloring used in M&M's makes it pop on the shelves and online.

使用與 M&M 巧克力中同樣的食用色素，此顏色能在貨架和網路上更加吸睛。

Lush has sold 41 million of these Seanik bars since 2005.

Lush 從 2005 年開始總共賣了 4100 萬顆藍海洋洗髮皂。

That's equivalent to about one-fifth of all the shampoo bottles Americans buy in a year.

這大約等同於美國人一年所購買的瓶裝洗髮精的五分之一。

Multinational brands like Procter & Gamble and L'Oreal are also getting into the natural shampoo market.

像是寶僑與萊雅等跨國品牌也正在開發天然洗髮精市場。

We spoke to Sonika Malhotra, co-founder of Unilever's "Love Beauty & Planet" line that launched in 2018.

我們與聯合利華在 2018 開始的 Love Beauty and Planet 品牌共同創辦人 Sonika Malhotr 進行了談話。

The shampoo bars sell in more than 40 countries and in retailers like Target and Walmart.

他們的洗髮皂在超過 40 個國家，像是 Target 與 Walmart 等的零售商販售。

So we need to track technologies where we are able to find materials that, sort of, replicate all of these values, these properties that this material has.

我們需要有科技，能夠找到能夠替代這些原料所具有的價值與特性的天然原料。

And that's not easy.

而這並不是件簡單的事。

Unilever shampoo bars are still niche compared to their legacy brands like Suave and Tresemme.

聯合利華的洗髮皂與他們像是 Suave 與 Tresemme 等的長年品牌相比仍相當小眾。

But the pressure to cut plastics is on.

但減少塑膠量的壓力迫在眉睫。

In 2019, a Greenpeace campaign tagged manufacturers on widely circulated photos of trash,

2019 年時，綠色和平組織在一次宣傳活動中，在廣為傳播的垃圾照片上標記了各大製造商，

and singled out Unilever as a major source of plastic garbage, along with Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Nestle.

並且將聯合利華以及可口可樂、百事與雀巢特別作為塑膠垃圾的主要來源挑出來指責。

Now we can pick up our smart devices and look, like, hey, what's the brand's opinion on this?

如今我們可以拿起智慧型裝置，看到這些照片然後心想，嘿，這個品牌對此有什麼看法？

What does the brand do to limit waste?

他們做了什麼來降低垃圾量？

Unilever signed a commitment to eliminate single-use packaging, but little progress has been made.

聯合利華簽署了一份致力於清除單次使用包裝的聲明，但目前為止進度緩慢。

And plastics contribute to climate change.

而塑膠還會加劇氣候變遷。

They're made with fossil fuels and emit greenhouse gases throughout their life cycle.

它們由化石燃料所製成，並且在生命週期中會不斷釋放出溫室氣體。

Many countries have banned certain types of plastic packaging.

許多國家已經禁用了特定種類的塑膠包裝。

When we think about real solutions, we have to look at systems' change.

如果真的想要解決問題，我們應該要尋求系統上的改變。

And who is accountable for that?

而誰該為此負責呢？

It's corporations and industry.

企業和產業該為此負責。

Break Free From Plastic runs beach cleanups where volunteers tally up the trash associated with specific brands.

「塑膠解放」組織會舉行淨灘活動，讓志願者們清理並收集特定品牌相關的垃圾。

Break Free's global head of communications says all this plastic garbage won't go away with just shampoo bars.

塑膠解放組織的全球通訊總裁表示，塑膠垃圾並不會只隨著我們使用洗髮皂就此消失。

These sorts of products are still putting the onus on individuals.

這些產品仍把責任加諸在個人身上。

There is something really strong about wallet power.

消費者的力量是很強大的。

But it is a drop in the bucket in terms of the solution to be focused on.

但這與真正該專注進行的解決方案比起來不過是杯水車薪。

And small businesses like Jill's face obstacles to scaling up, like steep shipping costs and expensive ingredients.

而像是 Jill 這樣的小公司在擴大規模時面臨了許多障礙，例如運費上漲與原料昂貴等等。

Her bar costs three times as much as Unilever's.

她的洗髮皂價格是聯合利華的三倍。

Despite the challenges, Jill says her customer base is growing.

儘管挑戰繁多，Jill 表示她的顧客基數仍在成長。

Business is getting better and better and better as a result of the zero-waste consciousness and people's awareness that biodegradability is very important.

我的生意正蒸蒸日上，而這都歸功於零廢棄意識的增長，以及人們體認到可生物分解性相當重要。

So, the future looks extremely bright.

因此未來前景看起來一片光明。