To understand what the German philosopher meant and what he thought of men, morality and society as a whole, we collaborated with Professor Stephen Hicks on this Sprouts special series, Part one God is dead.

為了瞭解這位德國哲學家的意思，以及他對人、道德和整個社會的看法，我們與斯蒂芬-希克斯教授合作推出了這個《萌芽》特別系列，第一部分上帝已死。

For thousands of years, humans have been religious.

幾千年來，人類一直有宗教信仰。

But in the modern world, religion has become a shadow of its former self.

但在現代世界，宗教已成為其以前的影子。

Nature's dramatic phrase, God is dead is meant to capture the shocking quality of this revelation.

大自然的戲劇性短語 "上帝已死 "是為了捕捉這一啟示的驚人之處。

For those raised religiously, religion personalized the world.

對於那些在宗教上長大的人來說，宗教個性化了世界。

It gave them a sense that the world had a purpose and that they were part of a larger plan.

這讓他們感覺到世界是有目的的，他們是一個更大計劃的一部分。

It gave them the comfort that despite appearances, we are all equal and cared for and that upon death instead of a cold grave, a possible happily ever after ending awaits.

這給了他們安慰，儘管表面上看，我們都是平等的，都是被關心的，在死亡時，等待他們的不是冰冷的墳墓，而是可能的幸福的結局。

But in the modern world, we find it increasingly hard to believe those values.

但在現代世界，我們發現越來越難以相信這些價值觀。

We have seen the dramatic rise of science, which has offered less comfortable answers to questions religion traditionally had a monopoly on.

我們已經看到科學的急劇崛起，它為傳統上由宗教壟斷的問題提供了不太舒服的答案。

We have thrown off the shackles of feudalism with its unquestioning acceptance of authority, And have become more individualistic and naturalistic in our thinking.

我們已經擺脫了封建主義的桎梏，不問青紅皁白地接受權威，在思想上變得更加個人主義和自然主義。

But in historical time, all of this has happened very quickly.

但在歷史上，所有這些都發生得非常快。

For Millennia we have been religious.

幾千年來，我們一直都有宗教信仰。

But come the 19th century, even the average man had heard that religion may have reached the end of his journey.

但到了19世紀，即使是普通人也聽說宗教可能已經走到了盡頭。

For most of us, even the suggestion of this hints at a crisis.

對我們大多數人來說，即使是這樣的暗示也暗示著一種危機。

Imagine a 13 year old who is awakened in the middle of the night to be told by strangers that both his parents have died.

想象一下，一個13歲的孩子在半夜被驚醒，被陌生人告知他的父母都已經去世。

He is suddenly an orphan for as long as he can remember, His mother and father were present in his life, looking after him and guiding him.

從他記事起，他就突然成了一個孤兒，他的母親和父親在他的生活中出現過，照顧他，引導他。

Now they are gone.

現在他們都走了。

And ready or not, he is thrust into that world alone.

無論是否準備好，他都被單獨推入那個世界。

How does the young teen handle that sudden transition?

年輕的青少年如何處理這種突然的轉變？

Culturally, Nietzsche says, We are like that young teen.

尼采說，在文化上，我們就像那個年輕的少年。

For as long as we can remember, our society has relied upon God, the father to look after us.

從我們有記憶以來，我們的社會一直依賴上帝，父親來照顧我們。

But now suddenly we are orphaned.

但現在我們突然變成了孤兒。

We wake up one morning to discover that in our heart of hearts, our naively childhood religious beliefs have withered.

我們在某天早上醒來時發現，在我們的內心深處，我們天真的童年宗教信仰已經枯萎。

So now, whether we like it or not, a question creeps into our minds.

是以，現在，無論我們喜歡與否，一個問題悄然進入我們的腦海。

How do we face the prospect of a world without God and religion In the 19th century?

在19世紀，我們如何面對一個沒有上帝和宗教的世界的前景？

Says nature.

說的是自然。

Most people did not face that question well.

大多數人沒有很好地面對這個問題。

Most people avoid the issue, sensing that even to raise it would be to enter dangerous territory.

大多數人迴避這個問題，覺得即使提出來也會進入危險的領域。

Life without religion is too scary to contemplate, so they retreat to a safety zone of belief and repeat nervously the formulas they have learned about faith.

沒有宗教的生活讓人不敢想象，所以他們退回到信仰的安全區，緊張地重複他們學到的關於信仰的公式。

Slightly better to Nietzsche.

對尼采來說稍微好一點。

But not much are the socialists of the 19th century.

但不多的是19世紀的社會主義者。

Socialism is on the rise and many socialists except that God is dead.

社會主義正在崛起，許多社會主義者除了上帝已死。

But then they are very concerned that the state take God's place and look after them.

但他們又非常擔心國家會取代上帝的位置，照顧他們。

The mighty state will provide for us and tell us what to do against the mean people of the world.

強大的國家將為我們提供，並告訴我們如何對付世界上的卑鄙之徒。

Think of it this way.

這樣想吧。

The Judeo Christian tradition says this is a world of sin in which the weak suffer at the hands of the strong, that we should all be selfless and serve God and others, especially the sick and helpless, and that in a future ideal world heaven, the lion will lie down with the lamb and the inescapable power of God will bring salvation to the meek and judgment to the wicked.

猶太基督教傳統說，這是一個罪惡的世界，弱者在強者手中受苦，我們都應該無私地服務於上帝和他人，特別是病人和無助者，在未來的理想世界天堂，獅子將與羔羊躺在一起，上帝不可逃避的力量將給溫順的人帶來救贖，給邪惡的人帶來審判。

The socialist tradition says this is a world of evil exploitation in which the strong take advantage of the week.

社會主義傳統說這是一個邪惡的剝削世界，強者利用周遭的人。

But we should all be selfless and sacrifice for the good of others, especially the needy from each, according to his ability to each according to his need.

但我們都應該無私奉獻，為他人的利益而犧牲，特別是有需要的人，從各人的能力，到各人的需要。

And the forces of history will necessarily bring about a future ideal world that will end all harsh competition, empowering the oppressed and eliminating the evil exploiters.

而歷史的力量必然會帶來一個未來的理想世界，它將結束一切殘酷的競爭，賦予被壓迫者權力，消除邪惡的剝削者。

Both religion and socialism thus glorify weakness and need.

是以，宗教和社會主義都美化了軟弱和需要。

Both recoil from the world as it is tough, unequal, harsh.

兩人都對這個世界感到反感，因為它是艱難的、不平等的、嚴酷的。

Both flee to an imaginary future realm where they can feel safe.

兩人都逃到了一個想象中的未來境界，在那裡他們可以感到安全。

Both say, Be a nice boy, be a good little girl share, feel sorry for the little people, and both desperately seek someone to look after them, whether it be God or the state.

兩者都說，做個好孩子，做個好的小女孩的分享，為小人物感到難過，都拼命尋求有人來照顧他們，無論是上帝還是國家。

So where asks nature are the men of courage who is willing to stare into the abyss who can stand alone on the icy mountain top, who can look at tiger in the eye without flinching to be continued, Nietzsche, who was born in 18 84 was not only a fierce critic of church and socialism, but also nationalism and anti Semitism.

是以，自然界哪裡有勇氣的人，誰願意盯著深淵，誰能獨自站在冰冷的山頂上，誰能看著老虎的眼睛而不退縮待續，1884年出生的尼采不僅是教會和社會主義的激烈批評者，也是民族主義和反猶太主義的批評者。

His strong moral stance meant that he openly condemned many of his intellectual friends and even broke his relationship with his own sister, who married a notorious anti Semite.

他強烈的道德立場意味著他公開譴責他的許多知識分子朋友，甚至打破了他與自己妹妹的關係，後者嫁給了一個臭名昭著的反閃族人。

Uh huh, yeah.

嗯哼，是的。

So what are your thoughts on nature?

那麼，你對大自然有什麼看法？

Do you agree with his understanding of the world we live in?

你同意他對我們所處世界的理解嗎？

For more information about this extraordinary man and his impact on our society?

想了解更多關於這位非凡人物和他對我們社會的影響的資訊？

Check the descriptions below.

請查看下面的描述。

There.

在那裡。

You'll also find a link to Steven Hicks, full account of the German philosopher.

你還會發現一個鏈接，即史蒂文-希克斯，對這位德國哲學家的完整敘述。

Mhm.

嗯。

This and all other sprouts videos are licensed under Creative Commons.

本視頻及其他所有芽苗菜視頻均以創作共用方式授權。

That means teachers from all around the world can use them in classrooms, online courses or to start projects.

這意味著來自世界各地的教師可以在教室、在線課程或啟動項目中使用它們。

And today, thousands already do To learn how it works and download this video without ads or background music, check out our website or read the description below.

而今天，成千上萬的人已經做到了 要了解它是如何工作的，並下載這個沒有廣告或背景音樂的視頻，請查看我們的網站或閱讀以下描述。

If you want to support our mission and help change education, visit our patreon.

如果你想支持我們的使命，幫助改變教育，請訪問我們的PATREON。