Name: 我們遺址的祕密 | 巨石陣 | 與瑪麗-安-奧喬塔合作 (The Secrets of our Sites | Stonehenge | with Mary-Ann Ochota)
Uploaded: 2021-11-27T18:10:39.000Z
Duration: 18 min 37 s

England's unique landscapes are rich with history and mystery.

英格蘭的獨特風景充滿了歷史和神祕感。

程度副詞

And even at the most iconic sites, there's more than meets the eye, You just need to be prepared to look a little closer.

即使在最有代表性的地方，也有比眼睛更多的東西，你只需要準備好仔細觀察一下。

I'm mary ann Ohata, I'm an anthropologist and author and today I'm exploring Stonehenge in Wiltshire.

我是mary ann Ohata，我是一名人類學家和作家，今天我正在探索威爾特郡的巨石陣。

It's a slight cared for by english heritage.

這是英國人的遺產所關心的一個小問題。

It's been studied for hundreds of years and thousands of visitors come to see it every year.

它已經被研究了幾百年，每年有成千上萬的遊客前來參觀。

So surely there aren't that many secrets still to unearth.

是以，肯定沒有那麼多的祕密仍有待發掘。

Well, you'd be surprised in fact today, to start understanding Stonehenge.

那麼，事實上今天你會很驚訝，開始瞭解巨石陣。

I'm two miles away at another english heritage site.

我在兩英里外的另一個英國遺產地。

Wood henge was a timber monument and it comprises of six concentric circles of posts.

Wood henge是一個木製紀念碑，它由六個同心圓的柱子組成。

And each of these concrete posts marks a place where the archaeologists discovered a post hole.

而這些混凝土柱子中的每一個都標誌著考古學家發現柱洞的地方。

The timber posts have long rotted away, but the archaeologists could work out the size of them from the hole that was there.

這些木柱早已腐爛，但考古學家可以從當時的洞口算出它們的大小。

And so each of these concrete posts perfectly represents the diameter of the timber that was once standing.

是以，這些混凝土柱子中的每一個都完美地代表了曾經站立的木材的直徑。

But what we don't know is what they look like above ground.

但我們不知道的是，它們在地面上是什麼樣子。

They reckon that some of them could have been almost nine m high, but we don't know whether they were carved or whether they still had their branches on them, whether they were strewn with textiles or putative animal sacrifice.

他們估計其中一些可能有近9米高，但我們不知道它們是否被雕刻過，或者它們上面是否還有樹枝，它們是否散落著紡織品或假定的動物祭品。

We also don't know whether they had some kind of linking structure between the posts.

我們也不知道他們的帖子之間是否有某種鏈接結構。

We don't have all the details of what would Henge would have looked like.

我們沒有掌握所有的細節，不知道Henge會是什麼樣子。

But what is absolutely certain is that this place was very special indeed.

但絕對可以肯定的是，這個地方確實非常特別。

The same time that the stones were being raised at Stonehenge.

就在巨石陣的石頭被抬起的同一時間。

There are a few details that you might notice at this site.

在這個網站上，有一些細節你可能會注意到。

The first are the low remains of an earthwork that circles the whole of the monument.

首先是一個環繞整個紀念碑的低矮的土堆遺蹟。

有一個銀行，然後是一個溝渠。

It's a lot lower than it would have been originally because this land used to be plowed and so it's flattened it slightly but it's an earthwork similar to the one that your spot around the stones at Stonehenge.

它比原來要低得多，因為這片土地曾經被耕種過，所以它被稍微壓平了，但它是一個類似於你在巨石陣的石頭周圍發現的土層。

And then at the center of the monument is this care which marks the burial site of a three year old child.

然後在紀念碑的中心是這個護理，它標誌著一個三歲孩子的埋葬地點。

The remains were discovered in an archaeological excavation that was conducted in the 1920s and since then the bones have been lost unfortunately.

這些遺骸是在20世紀20年代進行的一次考古發掘中發現的，從那時起，這些遺骨就不幸地丟失了。

所以我們不能做進一步的分析。

It means that we don't know exactly when the child died or why but it's possible that this was a human sacrifice or some other kind of special burial that gave this site even more significant.

這意味著我們不知道這個孩子到底是什麼時候死的，也不知道為什麼，但這有可能是一個人的犧牲，或其他一些特殊的埋葬方式，使這個遺址更有意義。

On the other side of the road is Durrington walls which is looked after by the National Trust.

在路的另一邊是杜林頓牆，它由國家信託基金管理。

And it's another site of extraordinary significance.

而且這是另一個具有非凡意義的地點。

Archaeologists have discovered the remains of a huge timber enclosure and inside the enclosure were dozens of small houses.

考古學家發現了一個巨大的木製圍牆的遺蹟，圍牆內有幾十間小房子。

The houses date to the same period as the stones were being raised at Stonehenge.

這些房屋可以追溯到與巨石陣的石頭被抬起的同一時期。

And we don't know whether these houses were homes to the people who were building Stonehenge or whether they came there to use or worship the stones instead.

我們不知道這些房子是否是建造巨石陣的人的家，還是他們到那裡來使用或崇拜這些石頭。

We also find the evidence of timber, circular monuments much like this one at wood henge.

我們還發現了木製圓形紀念碑的證據，這些紀念碑很像伍德亨格的這個。

There's even more intriguing evidence that comes out of Durrington walls because what you can see in the landscape over there is an absolutely enormous earthwork it carries on across this field.

還有更多耐人尋味的證據來自於杜林頓牆，因為你在那邊的景觀中可以看到一個絕對巨大的土方工程，它穿過這片田地。

And then on the other side of that road down there as well, it's another henge enclosure with a bank and then a ditch.

然後在那條路的另一邊也是如此，這是另一個有堤岸和溝渠的雞冠石圍牆。

What you can see now is basically a tiny sliver of what was originally, there would have been bright white cut through to the chalk and it would have been much, much higher than the ditch would have been much, much deeper.

你現在能看到的基本上是原來的一小片，本來有明亮的白色切口到白堊，它本來比溝渠要高得多，深得多。

That earthwork was built after some of the houses had fallen into disrepair.

那座土樓是在一些房屋年久失修後建造的。

And so the archaeologists think that maybe that earthwork was constructed in order to memorialize what had already happened at this site.

是以，考古學家認為，也許那個土堆是為了紀念在這個地方已經發生的事情而建造的。

Another intriguing piece of evidence are the animal remains found at Durrington walls over 38,000 bones from pigs and cattle have been discovered that were butchered and cooked basically on giant barbecues from isotope analysis of the bones, we know that some of those animals were raised in Wales and other animals were raised in northern Britain.

另一個耐人尋味的證據是在Durrington牆上發現的動物遺骸，超過38,000塊豬和牛的骨頭被發現，根據對骨頭的同位素分析，我們知道其中一些動物是在威爾士飼養的，其他動物是在英國北部飼養的。

They must have come here on the hoof in order to be fresh meat.

他們一定是為了成為鮮活的肉而馬不停蹄地來到這裡。

And we don't know whether that means that there were complex trading networks across the whole of Britain at that time or whether people were coming here with their animals to use this site and perhaps use Stonehenge.

而我們不知道這是否意味著當時整個英國都有複雜的貿易網絡，或者人們帶著他們的動物來到這裡，使用這個地方，也許是使用巨石陣。

Here's a really cool detail when the remains of these animal meat feasts were thrown into the ground, there was still plenty of meat attached to the bones, which indicates that they could afford to throw meat away.

這裡有一個非常酷的細節，當這些動物肉宴的殘骸被扔到地下時，仍有大量的肉附著在骨頭上，這表明他們有能力扔掉肉。

So it challenges all our preconceptions about what life in the Neolithic was like because we know that at least some people were eating very well so well.

是以，它挑戰了我們對新石器時代生活的所有成見，因為我們知道，至少有些人吃得很好，所以很好。

事實上，他們可以承受食物浪費。

Who came here with their animals and who got to have a big old barbecue in Darrington walls It's anyone's guess.

誰帶著他們的動物來到這裡，誰又能在達林頓的牆壁上進行一次大型的老式燒烤 這是誰都可以猜到的。

Both wood henge and Darrington are aligned to the sunrise.

木頭人和達林頓都是對準日出的。

Wood henge isn't actually a perfect circle, it's a slight oval with the axis aligned east west and Durrington, archaeologists discovered an avenue that is perfectly aligned for midwinter sunrise.

Wood henge實際上並不是一個完美的圓，它是一個輕微的橢圓形，軸線向東向西排列，Durrington，考古學家發現了一條大道，在冬天的日出時完美地排列著。

If you follow that avenue down this hill you get to the river avon and if you follow the river avon you get to an avenue that leads you directly to Stonehenge.

如果你沿著那條大道下山，你就會到達阿文河，如果你沿著阿文河走，你就會到達一條大道，直接通向巨石陣。

Mhm I'm here at Stonehenge now with Susan greenie an english heritage archaeologist the season the size that we're decoding today are wood henge.

我現在和英國遺產考古學家Susan Greenie一起在巨石陣，我們今天解碼的尺寸是木頭雞冠。

Hentges a circular usually earthwork monument surrounding other things.

Hentges一個圓形的通常是土製的紀念碑，圍繞著其他東西。

So sometimes stone circles, sometimes timber circles like you saw it would henge.

是以，有時是石圈，有時是木圈，就像你看到的那樣，它是雞冠石。

And we're actually stood now in the ditch of Stonehenge.

而我們現在實際上是站在巨石陣的溝渠中。

And is it right I've read that Stonehenge isn't actually a proper henge.

我在書上看到巨石陣其實並不是一個真正的巨石陣，這是否正確呢？

Khenyeza built between about 3000 Bc and about 2500.

Khenyeza建於大約公元前3000年和大約2500年之間。

And this is a particularly early one and it's sometimes referred to as a proto henge.

而這是一個特別早期的，它有時被稱為原雞冠石。

And is because here we have a ditch with an outer small bank and an inner large banks.

這是因為在這裡，我們有一條有外部小岸和內部大岸的溝渠。

We've got two banks and a ditch whereas in proper Hentges you just get an outer bank and a ditch.

我們有兩個河岸和一條溝，而在適當的亨特斯，你只得到一個外岸和一條溝。

And how does this earthwork link with the obvious massive stone monument in the middle?

而這個土堆與中間明顯的巨大石碑有什麼聯繫呢？

So as I said it was probably built in around 3000 BC and at that time we just have the earthwork enclosure and then some pits just inside the bank which we call Aubrey holes now and those pits might have held stones or posts were not quite sure but they were also used for the place where people put cremated dead.

是以，正如我所說，它可能建於公元前3000年左右，當時我們只有土質圍牆，然後在岸邊有一些坑，我們現在稱之為奧布里洞，這些坑可能是用來放石頭或柱子的，我們不太清楚，但它們也是人們用來放置火化死者的地方。

So there's a kind of 500 year history of Stonehenge which is basically playing out before they put the stones up in the middle of the circle.

是以，巨石陣有一種500年的歷史，基本上是在他們把石頭放在圓圈中間之前就已經上演了。

And the thing about Stonehenge is it's constantly remodeled and remodeled isn't it?

而巨石陣的特點是它不斷地被改造，被重塑，不是嗎？

So over the late Neolithic and into the Bronze Age people are coming here and embellishing and adding bits and changing things around.

是以，在新石器時代晚期和青銅時代，人們來到這裡，美化並增加了一些內容，改變了一些東西。

So we know that for example when the stones got put up first they were in a different formation a couple of 100 years afterwards they moved some of the smaller stones, the bluestones around.

所以我們知道，例如，當這些石頭第一次被豎起來時，它們是在一個不同的陣型中，之後的幾百年裡，他們移動了一些較小的石頭，即藍石。

So people were coming back here time and time again and and rebuilding and re modifying the monument.

是以，人們一次又一次地回到這裡，並重建和重新修改紀念碑。

So this is one of the markers that were put in place to show where the Aubrey holes were and the Aubrey holes of this early stage of the monument, a big pit with human cremated remains in it.

是以，這是為了顯示奧布里洞的位置而設置的標記之一，這個早期階段的奧布里洞是一個大坑，裡面有人類的火化遺體。

So there was about me 2.5 across and there were 56 of them all the way around the bank of the henge.

是以，大約有我2.5個跨度，有56個，一直圍繞著雞冠石的銀行。

And we think that they held uprights of some kind.

而且我們認為他們持有某種類型的直立物。

Some archaeologists think upright stones, possibly the bluestones.

一些考古學家認為直立的石頭，可能是藍石。

Others think maybe timber posts, but they were certainly used for the burial of these cremated remains.

其他人認為也許是木柱，但它們肯定是用來埋葬這些火化的遺體。

And what do we know about the people whose remains these are?

我們對這些人的遺體又瞭解多少呢？

We know that there are men, women and Children of various ages and we know that they come from very different parts of southern Britain.

我們知道有不同年齡的男人、女人和兒童，我們知道他們來自英國南部非常不同的地區。

So perhaps they're being carried here small little bags of cremated remains and being placed here at Stonehenge.

是以，也許他們被運到這裡的小袋火化遺體，被放置在巨石陣這裡。

So Stonehenge starts off as a cemetery and it's not just for local people and it's like famous right from the beginning.

所以巨石陣一開始就是一個公墓，它不只是為當地人服務的，而且一開始就好像很有名。

People are coming here from quite long distances.

So we've got two types of stones here at Stonehenge.

所以我們在巨石陣這裡有兩種類型的石頭。

字幕列表影片播放

我們遺址的祕密 | 巨石陣 | 與瑪麗-安-奧喬塔合作 (The Secrets of our Sites | Stonehenge | with Mary-Ann Ochota)

sort

absolutely

enormous

evidence