I don't usually say that on a Tuesday, but this is our last show of the week.

我通常不會在星期二的節目說這句話，但這是我們這禮拜最後一次見面。

After today, we'll be off until next Monday for the Thanksgiving holiday, and I didn't want the Friday to roll around without you getting the chance to hear that.

先跟大家預告，我們從明天開始放假到下週一，慶祝感恩節！

Alright, let's get to work.

好的，我們開始工作吧！

Last Thursday, when we told you about pollution in India, we mentioned it's not the only place in this region with the problem.

上週四，我們報導了印度的環境汙染問題。當時也提到說除了印度，該地區還有其他城市面臨環境汙染問題。

About 80 miles northwest of the Indian capital is the Pakistani city of Lahore.

距離印度首都西北 80 英里處有一座城市，它是巴基斯坦的拉合爾。

It is frequently near and recently at first place in an international ranking of most polluted cities.

拉合爾總是在汙染最嚴重城市的國際排名中「名列前茅」，最近「更上一層樓」榮登第一名。

The likely reasons are similar to the ones that caused problems in India.

造成這座城市汙染的原因很可能與印度相同。

In the fall, after monsoon season ends, the rains and winds die down, so there's less moisture and movement in the atmosphere to sweep the pollutants away.

秋天季風季節結束後，隨著風和雨逐漸減弱，空氣不夠潮濕、流通欠佳，就不足以吹走環境中的汙染物。

Meteorologists say winter temperatures can also keep smoke from rising, so more pollutants get trapped near the ground.

氣象學家說，冬季的低溫也使霧霾無法上升，讓更多的汙染物被困在地面。

Some experts blame farmers for contributing to pollution because they typically burn off their old crops this time of year to prepare their fields for new ones.

一些專家認為農民是環境汙染的始作俑者，因為他們每年這個時候都會焚燒舊的作物，以為土壤提供養分，準備下一次的耕種活動。

The smoke from that can gather in the air.

燃燒產生的霧霾會在空氣中聚集。

Others say the issue is caused by low-quality fuel that's used to power cars and trucks.

也有人認為，環境汙染是由汽車和卡車使用的劣質汽油所導致。

Industrial pollution also plays a part.

工業汙染也「功不可沒」。

Whatever the reasons are, some residents in Lahore are calling for the Pakistani government to take action.

無論原因是什麼，拉合爾的一些市民呼籲巴基斯坦政府採取行動。

That government says it has, that it's told factories and refineries to reduce their emissions, that it's banned low-quality gasoline, that it's planning to require less pollutive motorcycle engines, and that it's looking at ways to plant more trees in the city.

巴基斯坦政府表示，他們確實有採取了行動。他們要求工廠和煉油廠減少汙染物排放、禁用劣質汽油，並計劃推廣較環保的機車引擎，以及設法在城市裡種植更多的樹木。

Will its efforts be enough?

這種程度措施是否足以解決環境汙染問題？

Smog so dense you can only see a silhouette of this building that's just a few yards away.

環境中的霧霾非常濃密，以至於你連幾碼以外的建築都看不清，只能看到建築的剪影。

On the streets, people are wading through the thick smog.

街道上，人們正在濃厚的霧霾中穿行。

One resident says it's so bad people are covering their eyes and walking right into traffic.

一位居民告訴我們，汙染的問題非常嚴重，人們只能捂著眼睛直接走進車流中。

This is Lahore, Pakistan, which regularly ranks among the most polluted cities in the world.

這裡是巴基斯坦的拉合爾，是世界汙染最嚴重城市排行榜上的常客。

Now, this city, which we call the city of flowers, the city of gardens, is gripped by smog; it is engulfed in smog.

被稱為花園城市的拉合爾，現在被霧霾籠罩、吞噬。

On Saturday, Lahore topped IQair's daily ranking of the world's most polluted cities again, a rank often challenged by New Delhi.

上禮拜六，拉合爾再次登上了瑞士空氣品質科技公司 IQAir 的每日汙染最嚴重城市排行榜榜首，與印度的新德里不相上下。

Residents cough, everything smells of smoke.

城市的居民不斷咳嗽，整個環境充斥霧霾的味道。

According to a paramedic at a local hospital, patients are coming in with sore throats because of the smog, not COVID.

當地醫院的一名醫護人員透露，疫情期間，上門掛號的患者不是因新冠肺炎，而是由霧霾引發的喉嚨痛居多。

As the haze grips the city in a chokehold, residents are getting desperate.

霧霾鎖城，居民們絕望的心情日益加重。

When we leave the house in the morning, the pollution causes irritation to the eyes.

我們每天早上一出家門就會因為汙染感覺眼睛刺痛。

It is hard to breathe.

很難呼吸。

The government should find a solution for this smog.

政府應該想辦法解決霧霾問題。

A local report says anti-smog squads have been deployed across Lahore.

據當地媒體報道，政府已經在拉合爾各地部署了反霧霾小組。

They're identifying and sealing factories that aren't meeting the city's standards.

他們識別並關閉不符合政府管理標準的工廠。

In neighboring New Delhi, smog towers in some areas are sucking pollutants from the air.

在臨近拉合爾的新德里，聳立於部分地區的「除霾塔」正過濾空氣中的汙染物。

Residents are now asking the government to install more as the smog continues to affect people's health and livelihoods, like this rickshaw driver's.

居民要求政府安裝更多的「除霾塔」，以改善霧霾對人們健康和生計的影響，比如人力車司機。

The whole day I drive around without any passengers. There's passengers; they prefer cabs.

我兜了一整天都沒有載到任何一位客人。當客人出現時，卻表示比較想搭計程車。

I asked them, "Where are you going?"

我問他們：「你們要搭車嗎？」

They say, "No, there's too much pollution, we'll take a cab."

他們說：「不了，汙染太嚴重了，我們要搭計程車。」

Despite some measures to fight smog, the increasing pollution makes the site of a clear sky still a distant dream.

儘管採取了一些抗擊霧霾的措施，但日益嚴重的汙染問題使藍天白雲對當地人來說依然遙不可及。

10-second trivia: Which inventor is famous for his contributions to the alternating current electrical system?

10 秒問答：哪位發明家因其對交流電系統的貢獻而聞名？

Edison, Marconi, Nobel, or Tesla.

愛迪生、馬可尼、諾貝爾還是特斯拉？

It was the eccentric genius Nikola Tesla who discovered the rotating magnetic field in the 1880s.

答案是古怪的天才尼古拉·特斯拉，他在 19 世紀 80 年代發現了旋轉的磁場。

As more and more carmakers offer increasingly autonomous modes, which means computer-assisted driving, you might be wondering if fully self-driving cars are just around the corner.

自動駕駛系統，也就是電腦輔助駕駛日益普及，是不是意味著市場即將迎來全自動駕駛的汽車？

In our special on this topic almost three years ago, we said experts predicted that a city with driverless cars was still decades away.

快 3 年前，我們製作了與這個話題相關的特輯，在當時的報導中，專家預言我們距離無人駕駛的時代還有數十年的時間。

Is that still the case?

時至今日，情況還是一樣嗎？

There have been several advancements in autonomous technology.

這段時間，人類在自動科技方面取得了一些進展。

The Tesla electric car company, for instance, is regularly updating its software, but there've been a number of accidents blamed on this as well.

以特斯拉電動汽車公司為例，該公司定期更新汽車軟體，不過還是有不少的事故被指與該公司的自動駕駛系統有關。

And a CNN reporter recently found that in some areas, the tech has a long way to go.

CNN 一名記者在最近的駕駛體驗中發現自動駕駛技術要變得更先進、精準，的確還有一段路要走。

Oh, we've got a situation in front of us; whoa, whoa, whoa, uh, no, we're going on the wrong side of the road.

哦！前面有狀況！哇，哇，哇，呃，不，我們走錯路了。

Whoa, whoa, wha⏤ oh, no, no, no, it wanted to hit the truck.

哇，哇，哇，不，不，不，它要去撞卡車！

This is a Tesla Model three.

這是特斯拉的 Model 3。

So, we are turning on the full self-driving data.

我們現在啟動全自動駕駛模式。

Okay, the car is now officially, technically, sort of driving itself.

好的。這輛車現在正式地、就技術層面來說，算是自己開車了。

Whoa, whoa, that was a really sharp turn the car just tried to make.

哇，哇，它剛剛試著要急轉彎。

Oh, we've got a situation in front of us. Whoa!

哦，前面有狀況。哇哦！

Okay.

好的。

What we just had in front of us was a UPS truck coming onto our lane, we had a guy in front of us with a cargo bike

剛剛一輛優比速卡車正面向我們的方向行駛，我們前方有個騎著載貨自行車的男人。

To avoid hitting the guy on the bike, the car seemed to want to put us straight into a giant UPS truck.

特斯拉似乎想讓我們直接撞上優比速卡車來閃避腳踏車騎士。

I would prefer not to hit a UPS truck today, so I took over.

我今天不想撞優比速卡車，所以我接管了駕駛系統。

It does seem to need an interruption every couple of blocks or so.

我們似乎得隔幾個街區就介入一下自動駕駛系統。

Sometimes if the car is hesitating a little bit, I have to intervene.

當車子在猶豫的時候，我就得介入。

You also have to be ready to take over at any time.

你也得做好準備隨時接手駕駛。

Now, this is challenging.

現在，這很有挑戰性。

Oh, uh, no, we're going on the wrong side of the road.

哦，呃，不，我們走錯了方向。

We're not trying to make this car screw up; we're not trying to have a laugh at Elon Musk's expense.

我們絕對不是要搞砸這輛車，也沒有嘲笑馬斯克的意思。

That's not the point.

那不是重點。

We're really just trying to see how it handles driving in the city.

我們真的只是想看看特斯拉在城市地區的自動駕駛表現。

So far, it's... eh... going okay.

到目前為止，表現還過得去。

We're going down a pretty ⏤ just straight, normal road; there's not a lot of pedestrians here.

我們正開在一條相當筆直的正常道路；這裡沒有很多行人。

And when you're going down a straight road with not a lot of pedestrians, the car actually seems to be doing okay.

當在一條沒有很多行人的直路上行進時，這輛車表現得還不錯。

We're doing right around the speed limit, you know, um, we're not hitting anything.

車子的行駛速度有符合時速限制，你知道的，嗯，我們沒有撞到任何東西。

The car can see cones, the car can see trucks, the car can see even pedestrians on the other side of the street; seeing might not be totally the issue here.

這輛車可以偵測到交通錐、卡車，甚至是街道另一邊的行人，這輛車的「觀測」能力看起來沒問題。

It's knowing what to do in challenging situations, stuff that experience teaches you.

透過經驗學習，我們有能力判斷如何應對具有挑戰性的環境。

We're driving down Flatbush Avenue in Brooklyn, where thousands of drivers drive every day.

我們現在開在布魯克林的夫拉特布什大道上，這裡每天都有上千輛汽車經過。

Human drivers, that is.

我指的是，人類駕駛的汽車。

It's a main artery through Brooklyn ⏤ commuters, trucks, people going to their jobs.

這條路是穿過布魯克林的主要道路，許多通勤族、卡車司機、上班族經常使用這條路。

A lot of human drivers do this every day, so a car should be able to handle it just fine.

人類司機每天都這麼做，所以我猜這輛車應該可以學習得很好。

Oh, but we're stopping at the intersection ⏤ oh, now we're going again.

但我們在十字路口停了下來。——現在又前進了。

Hey, how about that?

嘿，這樣對嗎？

And... now we've got a... we've got a green light and the car hesitated, 'cause it says no right turn, but we can go straight and that's where we wanna go.

我們遇到了綠燈，汽車猶豫了一下，因為道路指示牌說不能右轉，但我們可以直走，我們要直走沒錯。

We wanna go straight.

我們要直行。

I stand at the ready to intervene.

我隨時準備接手方向盤。

Hopefully I can do it fast enough.

希望我的動作夠快。

Now, this will be challenging; we've got a fence in front of us.

現在，這個情況很挑戰哦！我們前面有一個柵欄。

Whoa, whoa.

哇，哇。

Car almost hit the fence just there.

車子在那裡幾乎撞到了柵欄。

It blocked off a turning lane.

柵欄堵住了一條轉彎的車道。

But the car was supposed to move into the next lane anyway because we're going straight and it didn't; it was pretty much headed right for those fences.

車子其實應該切另一條車道，因為我們要直行，但它沒有這麼做，它幾乎是朝著那些柵欄開過去。

- So I had to take over there. - Whoa, whoa.

-所以我不得不接手行駛。-哇！哇！

This is officially not truly ready for public consumption.

這輛車還不適合公開給公眾使用。

A lot of people have issues with this being called full self-driving; first and foremost, it's not fully self-driving, I have to sit here.

很多人對全自動駕駛有意見，但首先，這輛車稱不上全自動駕駛，我本人是必須坐在駕駛座上的。

If it was fully self-driving as promised, that would let you take a nap while you're driving along.

如果是真的全自動駕駛，你應該可以在駕駛過程中打個盹才對。

Whoa!

哇!

But we just slammed on the brakes there.

但我剛踩下了剎車。

And now this big truck is gonna go, we're gonna see if we're gonna go around the big truck.

現在這輛大卡車要走了，我們看一下要不要繞過大卡車。

Oh! I'm just gonna give it a little... little gas, help it ⏤ nope, nope, nope, it wanted to hit the truck.

哦！我只要輕輕踩油門幫助車子移動，不，不，不，它又想撞卡車了。

Um, so we're gonna just use a human driver to go around the truck.

嗯，所以我們需要人類司機以人工駕駛方式繞過卡車。

I don't drive a Tesla every day.

我不是每天都開著特斯拉。

I am a little skittish; I'll fully admit that.

我有點膽怯了。我完全承認這一點。

So I am taking over more than someone who's used to have the system perform, and because of that, maybe I'm skewing things a little bit.

因為我要從系統手中接管方向盤的次數有點多，所以我有點膽怯。

But that is the observer effect, 'cause it's a little like teaching a teenager how to drive, and you're always watching, you're always waiting, you never know when it might try something new, and that's where the anxiety comes from.

但這就是觀察者效應，因為這有點像教青少年如何開車，你得一直盯著，一直等著。你永遠不知道它什麼時候想嘗試新的東西，這就是焦慮的來源。

You know, it does seem to be making other drivers upset.

你知道，這種情況可能會惹惱路上其他司機。

It's the people behind us.

那些排在我們後面的人。

It's the people honking.

會忍不住叭我們。

Now, I'm not saying a truly fully autonomous car will never happen, but I think, at this point, we're still years away.

我並不是說真正的全自動駕駛汽車將永遠不會出現，但我認為目前為止，還需要幾年的時間來實現這件事。

On a small island in the Indian Ocean, an annual migration has residents seeing "red" and feeling "crabby".

在印度洋的一座小島上，當地的居民見證了一年一度的紅色大軍遷徙活動。

It's the rainy season on Christmas Island, and so many crustaceans make their way from the forest to the sea this time of year that authorities built a special bridge so they don't become roadkill.

現在是聖誕島的雨季，每年這個時候都有很多甲殼類動物從森林遷徙到海里，所以當地政府建造了一座特殊的橋樑，以免它們成為輪下亡魂。

Each female crab can produce up to 100,000 eggs.

每隻雌蟹可生產多達 10 萬個卵。

'Twas 5 weeks before Christmas and all across that Island, red crabs were traversing the lowlands and highlands; with bridges to cross and barriers to breach, no thing could stop their sideways march to the beach.

聖誕節前 5 周，在整個島嶼上可以見到紅蟹透過當局建造的橋樑，穿行高地和低地並突破種種障礙，沒有任何東西可以阻止牠們向海邊行進。

It's a sea of red crawling the ground in slow motion, their goal, not the pole, but the distant crust ocean.

地面被這些緩慢移動中的紅蟹染紅，牠們的目標不是極地，而是遙遠的海洋。

You don't have to tell us that others are "shelleous"; while they make grace plates, these crabs get the applause of trivia hoarders and media reporters, who root for them on their "route" to "Sandy Claws".

看著紅色大軍邁向大海，準備迎接牠們的聖誕節，冷知識愛好者和媒體記者們紛紛為牠們喝彩。

That wraps up our show for the week.

本週的節目到此結束。

Wanna give a shout out to Furness High School; thanks to our viewers watching in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

我要跟 Furness 高中打聲招呼！感謝這群來自賓夕法尼亞州費城的朋友收看我們的節目！

Our YouTube channel is the place to go to request a mention for your school.

如果你想要我們在節目中跟你打招呼，記得來我們的 YouTube 頻道找我們！

We hope you have a wonderful thanksgiving; we look forward to seeing you again next Monday.

我們希望大家都可以度過一個美好的感恩節，期待下週一再相會。

I'm Carl Azuz, and that's CNN.

我是主播 Carl Azuz，以上是 CNN 的報導。