These words are all compound adjectives. So what is a compound adjective? Well, a compound

這些單字都是複合形容詞。那麼什麼是複合形容詞呢？嗯，複合

adjective is when you have two different words together with a hyphen. English is full of

形容詞就是用一個連字符號將兩個不同的字連在一起。英文裡面充斥著這種

compound adjectives. I'm going to teach you maybe eight compound adjectives that all have

複合形容詞。我會教你大概八個和人的個性有關的複合形容詞

to do with people's personalities. So if you're describing a friend, a roommate, your family,

所以當你要形容一個朋友、一個室友或你的家人時，

these are the types of words you can use. So let's get started

這裡就有各種詞彙供你使用。所以我們開始吧！

The first word I want to teach you is "open-minded", okay? "Open-minded". Students have a lot of

第一個我要教你的是「思想開明的」，好嗎？「思想開明的」。許多學生

trouble with the pronunciation of this word. Many students say, "I have" or "I am open-mind";

在發音時會遭遇很多問題，很多學生會說，「我有」或「我是open-mind」

"I am open-mind." No. You need "open-minded", -ED. Students always forget the "-ED" at the

「我是open-mind」，不對，你應該要講「open-minded」，少了ED。學生總是會忘記在最後少了

end. So be aware. Be careful. What does it mean to be "open-minded"? If you are open-minded,

ED。所以要注意，要小心這個。什麼叫做「思想開明的」？如果你「思想開明」，

it means you like to try new things. When something happens, when you have an opportunity

就意味著你喜歡嘗試新事物。當有什麼事情發生的時候，當你機會去

to try something new, you will do it. You're a "yes person". If somebody says, "Do you

嘗試新鮮事的時候，你會去試試看。你會是個說「好」的人。如果有人說，「你想要

want to eat a spider?" Well, this might be extreme. But in some cultures, they eat spiders.

吃蜘蛛嗎」？嗯，這個可能有點極端了，但在某些文化裡，他們是會吃蜘蛛的

They might ask you, "Do you want to eat a spider?" If you're open-minded, you'll say,

他們可能會問你，「你想要吃蜘蛛嗎」？如果你是思想開明的，你會說，

"Sure. Yeah. Let's try it." You know, that's a little extreme. There are other cases of

「當然，好啊，我們來試試」。你知道，這個例子是有點極端。還有一些別的例子來說明

being open-minded. Here's another example. "I try to eat the local food because I'm open-minded."

「思想開放的」。我這就說一個，像是「因為我思想開明，所以我嘗試吃當地的食物」

Okay? So you like to try new things. You are open-minded. Maybe you have never been outside

了解嗎？所以如果你喜歡嘗試新事物，你就是思想開明的。也許你從來沒有出

of your country. If you go to a new country, maybe you'll notice there are differences

國過，如果你到了一個陌生的國家，也許你將會注意到文化上有所差異

in the culture. If these differences aren't upsetting to you, if you're willing to meet

如果這些差異沒有讓你感到心煩，如果你有意願去認識

new people, try new things, learn new ways of living, you are "open-minded".

新的朋友，嘗試新事物，學習新的生活方式，那麼你就是思想開明的。

The opposite of "open-minded" -- just like you open a door -- "closed", "closed-minded".

「思想開明」就像是你打開一個門，相反就是「關上」，「思想封閉的」

So be careful with the pronunciation of this. "Closed-minded." So it's not close-ed-minded".

要小心這個發音，是「Closed-minded」，不是「close-ed-minded」

"Closed-minded." If you are "closed-minded", you don't like to try new things. Trying new

「Closed-minded」。如果你「思想封閉」，你不會想要嘗試新事物，嘗試新

things is very uncomfortable for you. So for example -- or thinking in new ways. You don't

事物對你來說是很不安的，例如，或者說你不喜歡以新的方式來思考事情。你不

want to change the way you live. You don't want to think in new ways. You're very traditional,

想要改變你生活的方式，你不要想用新的方式來思考，你非常的傳統

and you don't like change. You are "closed-minded". "My mother won't try anything new. She is

而且你不喜歡改變。你是「思想封閉的」。「我媽媽不喜歡嘗試任何新的東西，她是

closed-minded." Okay? So if somebody doesn't want to change, is very uncomfortable with

思想封閉的」，了解嗎？所以如果有人不想要改變，對於其他的文化

other cultures, other ideas, they are "closed-minded".

、觀點非常不安，他們就是「思想封閉的」

Another "minded" compound adjective, "absent-minded". "Absent" -- you might have heard this word

其他含有「minded」的複合形容詞還有這個「心不在焉的」。「不在的」你以前也許有聽過

before. If you are not in class, you are "absent"; the teacher will mark you absent. Okay? So

這個詞。如果你沒去上課，你就「缺席（不在）」了；老師就會標記你缺席，了解嗎？所以

when you're absent, you're not there. "Absent-minded" is when your brain is not there. What does

當你缺席，就是你不在那裡。「心不在焉的」就是你的腦袋沒有在那裡。什麼意思

this mean? Well, it means you are thinking about something different, so you don't see

？嗯，意思是你在想別的事情，所以你沒看到

what's happening. Here's an example to help you understand. I have a friend. My friend,

發生了什麼事。這裡有個例子可以幫助你理解。我有個朋友，我這個朋友

her name is Lara. She is very absent-minded. She's always thinking about boys. Always thinking

她的名字叫蘿拉。她非常的心不在焉，她總是在想著跟男孩子有關的事情，總是想著

about her boyfriend, boy troubles. So because of that, sometimes, she forgets to do her

她的男友，因男孩子而苦惱。因為這樣，她時常忘記要做

homework. She's too busy thinking about one thing. She doesn't realize what's happening

家庭作業，她只忙著想一件事，而沒有理解她周遭發生了什麼事

around her. She is "absent-minded". So, "Lara is absent-minded. She forgot to do her homework."

她心不在焉的。所以蘿拉心不在焉的，她忘記要做家庭作業

So you're not thinking about something. You're absent-minded. Your mind is elsewhere.

所以，你不去想某一件事情，你就是心不在焉的。你的心神在別的地方

Another expression, very common expression, "laid-back". "Laid-back." What does it mean

另外一個表達用語，非常常見的表達用詞，「隨和的」。「隨和的」。什麼是

to be "laid-back"? Well, this is a very positive expression. It's a good expression. And it

「隨和的」？嗯，這是一個非常正面的措辭，這是一個好的措辭。它

means you're a very relaxed person; you don't get angry; you don't get annoyed; you're very

意謂著你是個非常放鬆的人，你不會生氣，你不會心煩，你非常

calm, relaxed, you go with the flow. You're a very happy, laid-back person. For example,

冷靜和放鬆，就順其自然。你是個很快樂、隨和的人。例如，

I told you my friend Lara, she's very absent-minded. She's always forgetting to do her homework

我告訴你我的朋友蘿拉她很心不在焉的，總是忘記要做家庭作業，

because she thinks too much about boys. Well, her teacher is a very laid-back teacher. When

因為她想太多關於男孩子的事了。嗯，她的老師是很隨和的人，當

she doesn't do her homework, her teacher does not get angry. He does not yell at her and

她沒做作業時，她的老師不會生氣。她不會對著她吼叫，

say, "Lara, why didn't you do your homework?" No. He's laid-back. He says, "Oh, it's okay.

說「蘿拉，為何你沒有做作業？」不，他是隨和的人，他會說，「哦，還好啦，

That's fine. It's okay that you didn't do your homework." He doesn't the get angry.

沒關係，沒做作業也不會怎樣」，他不會發怒。

He is laid-back. So let's look at some more compound adjectives.

他很隨和。讓我們來看一些其他的複合形容詞

So the next word on our list is "hard-working". Okay? What does it mean to be "hard-working"?

列表上的下一個字是「勤勉的」。「勤勉的」是什麼意思？

If you are "hard-working", it means when you go to work, you work hard; you keep working;

如果你是「勤勉的」，這意謂著當你工作時，你就很努力，你不停地工作；

you try your best; you don't give up, you just keep working, working, working. "Hard-working"

你會想辦法盡全力，你不會放棄，你就只是不停地工作，工作，工作。「勤勉」

-- the opposite is "lazy". You are not lazy if you are hard-working. Okay. So here is

的相反是「懶惰」，如果你是勤勉的，那你就不是懶惰的。了解吧？這裡有

my example. "My boss likes me because I'm hard-working." So it's a very positive thing

個例子，「我的老闆喜歡我，因為我很勤勉」，如果你很勤勉，這個是很正面的事情，

if you are hard-working. It's a good thing. Many times, people will say this in a job

這個是好的。很多時候，人們會在他們的工作面試時講到這個詞，

interview. "Why should I hire you?" "Well, because I'm hard-working." Okay? So it's good

「為什麼我要雇用你？」「嗯，因為我很勤勉」，了解嗎？把它放在履歷上

for a resume, too.

也是不錯的

"Self-conscious." What does it mean to be "self-conscious"? Well, I'll show you. If

「忸捏」。什麼叫作「忸捏」？嗯，我來表演給你看。如果

I wear this hat -- I don't think it's a pretty hat. I think it's a silly, funny hat. If I

戴著這個帽子－我不認為這是一個好看的帽子，我認為它是個很蠢、很可笑的帽子，如果我

wore this outside on the street, maybe everyone would look at me. Okay? Everybody would look

戴這個到街上去，可能每個人都會盯著我看，是吧？每個人都會看著我

at me. They would think, "Why is she wearing that hat? It's not even a hat; it's a shower

他們會想著，「為什麼她要戴那個帽子啊？那個甚至不是一個帽子，它是你洗澡時

cap for when you take a shower." I would -- my cheeks would turn red; I would feel really

用的浴帽」，我會......我會臉紅，我真的會覺得很

shy. I would be "self-conscious". "When I wore my pink flower hat, I felt self-conscious."

害羞。我會很「忸捏」。「當我戴著我的粉紅色花帽時，我覺得我很忸捏」。

It's similar to being embarrassed, okay? It means you feel a little bit embarrassed and

這和尷尬有點相似，了解嗎？它意謂著有點尷尬和

uncomfortable, and you feel that everyone is noticing what you are doing, everyone is

不安，你覺得每個人都在注意你的所作所為，每個人都在

watching you. I feel self-conscious now, so I will take off my hat. Okay.

看著你。我現在自己覺得忸捏了，所以我要把帽子脫下來了。好了。

"Cool-headed." All right. So what's your head? This is your head. Remember, "cool-headed"

「頭腦冷靜的」。好的，頭是什麼？這是你的頭。要記得，「cool-headed」

-- "-ED". Don't forget this part. If you're cool-headed, it means you are a relaxed person;

後面有個字尾「ed」。不要忘記這個部分。如果你是頭腦冷靜的，意謂著你是個放鬆的人，

you're a calm person; you think well during emergency situations. Okay? So for example,

你是個鎮定的人，當發生緊急狀況時時，你能思考周全。了解嗎？舉個例子，

"In an emergency, I'm cool-headed." It means, "I can think. I can think clearly. I don't

「在緊急狀態時，我頭腦很冷靜」。意思是，「我可以思考，我思想清晰，我不會

panic. I think clearly." If you think about police officers, firemen, paramedics, you

恐慌，我思想清晰」。如果你想到警官、消防隊員、急救護理人員，你

probably want them to be cool-headed because you want them to be calm during an emergency.

也許會希望他們是頭腦冷靜的，因為你想要他們在緊急狀態下能保持鎮定

The opposite -- well, not the opposite, but another word similar to "cool-headed": "hot-headed".

相反的，嗯，也不是相反，而是另一個和「頭腦冷靜的」相似的詞彙，叫「急躁的」

So we said "cool"; now we're saying "hot". What does it mean to be "hot- headed"? If

我們剛才說的是「涼快的」，現在講的是「熱的」。「急躁的」意謂著什麼？如果

you are hot-headed, it means -- when you get angry very quickly, you are hot-headed. So

你是急躁的，意思是，當你很快就生氣了，那你就是急躁的。所以

a person who is hot-headed gets angry so quickly. Okay? You say something to them; they get

一個急躁的人就是很快就生氣的人，了解嗎？你跟他們說了些什麼，他們

angry. Their face turns red. It looks like they're hot, but they're really angry. "I

就生氣了。他們的臉脹紅，看起來就像他們很熱一樣，但他們實際上是生氣。「我

get angry quickly because I'm hot-headed. I'm hot-headed. I get angry very quick." Maybe

很快地就生氣了，因為我很急躁，我很急躁，我很快就生氣了」。也許

you know someone who is hot-headed. Do you think it would be nice to have a boss who

認識某個急躁的人。你認為如果你有個性情急躁的老闆，那樣好嗎？

is hot-headed? No. You don't want your boss to be hot-headed. That's a terrible situation.

不，你不會想要一個急躁的老闆的，那是很糟的狀況

You also don't want your boss to be "two-faced". Can you guess what the word "two-faced" means?

你也不會想要你的老闆是雙面人。你可以猜猜看「雙面人」是什麼意思嗎？

If this is your face and you have two, what do you think that means that expression? If

如果這是你的臉，而你有兩張臉，你想這詞彙是什麼意思？如果

you are two-faced, it means some of the time you seem nice to people, but then when those

你是雙面人，意思是有時候你對某些人似乎很好，但當那些人

people aren't around, you will be very mean. So for example, if I have a friend and I'm

不在身邊時，你就變得非常刻薄。舉個例子來說，如果我是雙面人，而我有一個朋友，

two-faced, maybe I will say to my friend, "oh, you have a beautiful dress. I love the

也許我會跟我的朋友說，「哦，你的裙子好美，我很愛

way you dress. I love what you wear. You look so pretty." If I'm two-faced, when she's not

你的裙子。我很喜歡你的穿著，你看起來很漂亮」。如果我是雙面人，當她不在身邊

here, I'll turn to my other friends and say, "Oh, yeah. Did you see what she was wearing?

時，我就會去跟其他朋友說，「哦，你有看到她穿了什麼嗎？

Ugh! What an ugly dress. It's the worst dress I've ever seen. She looks terrible in that

呃！那裙子多難看啊！那是我看過最醜的裙子。她穿著那件裙子看起來太糟了

dress." So it's where you act very nice when the person you're talking to is there, but

當你在跟某人說話時，你表現得對對方很好的樣子，但

when they're not there, you talk to other people and say bad things about this person.

當他不在時，你又跟別人說那個人的壞話

"She's two-faced. You can't trust her." Okay? Sometimes, people we work with -- unfortunately,

「她是雙面人，你不可以相信她」，了解嗎？不幸地，有時候我們一起工作的同事

sometimes they're very, very nice to us when we talk to them in conversation -- as soon

在和我們交話時，一副對我們很好的樣子，但只要

as you leave, maybe they will say something to another coworker. "Oh, she's lazy. She's

我們一離開，也許他們就會跟其他的同事嚼舌根說「噢，她很懶，她

not hard-working. He's stupid. He's hot-headed." So if someone talks badly about you behind

工作不認真。他很笨。他很急躁。」所以如果有人你在背後說你壞話，

your back, they are "two-faced".

他們就是「雙面人」。

Okay. So I've taught you many compound adjectives. What I want you to do is practice these by

好了，我已經教你很多複合形容詞了，我想要你去做的是

visiting our website at www.engvid.com. There, you can do a quiz, and you can see how many

上我們的網站www.engvid.com去做些練習。在那裡你可以做一些練習題，你可以看看你

of these you remember. You can practice the definitions, see how we use them. So come

還記得多少。你可以練習它們的定義，看看要如何使用。所以來

visit our website. Hopefully you will be hard-working when you come visit our website; you will

拜訪我們的網站吧，希望你上我們網站時會很用功，你會

work hard and you will do our quiz. So until next time, take care.

很用功，還會做我們的練習題。下次見了，保重！