Name: 你有權利獲得水嗎？- BBC學習英語 (Do you have a right to water? - BBC Learning English)
Uploaded: 2021-10-26T16:45:34.000Z
Duration: 11 min 32 s

形容詞最高級

未來簡單式

This episode will show how the law protects something we all need.

本集將展示法律如何保護我們都需要的東西。

Two billion people worldwide don't have access to safe water...

全世界有20億人無法獲得安全用水...

How the UN wants to change that by 2030...

聯合國希望在2030年之前改變這種狀況...

And... can you use the law to make sure your community

還有......你能否利用法律來確保你的社區

So, you'd expect it to be on any list of our basic rights.

是以，你會期待它出現在我們的基本權利清單上。

1948 – and one of the most important documents

揭開了人類歷史上的神祕面紗。

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

概述了我們都有權獲得的東西--

freedom to marry. But, oddly, not free access to water.

結婚的自由。但是，奇怪的是，沒有自由獲得水。

It's thought access to water wasn't included

人們認為水的獲取並不包括在內。

because the authors thought it was too obvious.

on 28th July of that year, the United Nations General Assembly

declared safe and clean drinking water and sanitation a human right.

宣佈安全和清潔的飲用水和衛生設施是一項人權。

They saw that a right to water is essential.

他們看到，水的權利是至關重要的。

Without it, you can't actually use all your other basic rights.

沒有它，你就不能真正使用你所有的其他基本權利。

But, in 2019, the United Nations reported

that two billion people still don't have access to water.

The UN says half of the people who drink water from unsafe sources

聯合國表示，在飲用不安全水源的人中，有一半的人

In Sub-Saharan Africa, only 24% of the population

在撒哈拉以南非洲，只有24%的人口

So, what can the law do to help? Let's hear from Amanda Loeffen,

那麼，法律能做些什麼來幫助呢？讓我們聽聽Amanda Loeffen的意見。

from the campaigning organisation Human Right to Water.

She explains why water has only recently been recognised as a right.

她解釋了為什麼水在最近才被確認為一種權利。

It was never really a problem until, I suppose, in the last century:

我想，直到上個世紀，這才是一個真正的問題。

there's been more population, more pollution.

Water's no longer automatically available.

It sometimes has to be sold to you with a cost

that people could access in their local river or lake,

人們可以在他們當地的河流或湖泊中獲得。

So, there became a problem that needed to be dealt with.

於是，就出現了一個需要處理的問題。

A right to water wasn't an official right

because it wasn't seen as necessary until recently.

因為直到最近，人們才認為這是必要的。

But because of problems caused by rising pollution

and a growing population, it was officially recognised.

和不斷增長的人口，它被正式承認。

Why do we need laws to define and protect our rights at all?

為什麼我們需要法律來定義和保護我們的權利？

Well, without a law, there isn't a structure to our society.

好吧，沒有法律，我們的社會就沒有一個結構。

the fundamental values that we want to protect.

而法律的存在是為了保護我們的安全

and guarantee that our rights as citizens

but also define what values we have as a society.

但也定義了我們作為一個社會的價值觀。

They keep us safe and make us who we are.

他們保護我們的安全，使我們成為我們自己。

What about our right to water specifically?

Having the right to water means that the government has to protect,

擁有水權意味著政府必須保護。

And it guarantees that your basic needs are...

are met and if not, there'll be some compensation.

得到滿足，如果沒有，會有一些補償。

Having a right to water means big organisations,

like governments or companies, aren't allowed to stop you having it.

像政府或公司，不允許阻止你擁有它。

If they do, you would be compensated in some way.

如果他們這樣做，你會以某種方式得到補償。

What kinds of laws make sure we get water?

什麼樣的法律能確保我們得到水？

Both hard law and soft law are applicable.

Hard law is a term used for a legal document that is binding.

硬法是指具有約束力的法律文件的術語。

For example, international law treaties are binding,

例如，國際法條約具有約束力。

如果他們已經簽署了這些文件。

Soft law means that the legal document is not binding

軟法律是指法律文件沒有約束力

and this includes, for example, UN resolutions and declarations.

而這包括，例如，聯合國的決議和宣言。

But soft law is still important as it can help us to interpret a hard law.

但軟法律仍然很重要，因為它可以幫助我們解釋硬法律。

硬性法律和軟性法律都在使用。

If a country breaks one, it could go to an international court.

如果一個國家違反了一個，它可以向國際法院起訴。

Soft laws are used to help us understand and use the hard laws.

軟法律是用來幫助我們理解和使用硬法律的。

does having a right to water really make a difference?

The right makes the state accountable and brings awareness to the issues

權利使國家承擔責任，並使人們認識到這些問題。

and encourages progressive realisation of the right to water.

And for many people, once they realise that it is their right,

而對許多人來說，一旦他們意識到這是他們的權利。

they then have the option to do something about it

and seek the advice of their local authority,

their ombudsman, or water service provider.

他們的監察員，或水服務提供者。

Having a right to water makes a big difference.

It makes people aware that they should have water

它使人們意識到，他們應該有水

And it encourages them to go and get that help.

而且它鼓勵他們去獲得這種幫助。

Amanda showed us how the fact we now have a right to water

阿曼達向我們展示了我們現在如何擁有水權的事實

means the international community thinks it's vital for everyone.

意味著國際社會認為這對每個人都至關重要。

She also explained how having a right can encourage you

她還解釋了擁有權利如何能鼓勵你

how can we help those who are struggling to get it?

我們如何幫助那些正在掙扎的人獲得？

十七歲的喬伊斯正在執行一項任務

to make clean water accessible for people in Rwanda.

以使盧旺達人民能夠獲得清潔水。

We never had taps because we have water nearby our home,

我們從來沒有水龍頭，因為我們的家附近有水。

We use small jerry cans to collect as much water as possible

我們使用小號的豆腐桶來收集儘可能多的水