Name: 法醫科學。內幕指南｜BBC創意 (Forensic science: An insider's guide | BBC Ideas)
Uploaded: 2021-10-21T18:05:56.000Z
Duration: 5 min 33 s

I've been working in the fingerprint field

程度副詞

it is just so fantastic when you actually make a match.

當你真正做一個匹配的時候，它是如此奇妙。

and obsessively download true crime podcasts,

But there are some things about forensic science

Where does all the information a forensic scientist needs come from?

法醫科學家需要的所有資訊來自哪裡？

of what is now called 'Locard's exchange principle'

現在被稱為 "Locard的交換原則 "的東西

which says that whatever you interact with,

其中說，無論你與什麼人互動。

you leave something behind and take something away.

你留下了一些東西，也帶走了一些東西。

One of the areas of forensic science where this is particularly applicable

這一點特別適用於法醫學的一個領域

There are around 390,000 different species of plants in the world,

世界上大約有390,000種不同的植物。

and when it comes to crime scenes, pollen can really tell a story.

當涉及到犯罪現場時，花粉確實可以說明一個問題。

它就在我們周圍，它就在地上。

you pick it up, inevitably you pick it up.

你拿起它，不可避免地你拿起它。

Patricia Wiltshire is a forensic ecologist,

帕特里夏-威爾特希爾是一名法醫生態學家。

It gets into clothes and it can often be found on shoes

它可以進入衣服，而且經常可以在鞋子上發現它。

Pollen and spores are too small to be seen by the naked eye,

花粉和孢子太小，無法用肉眼看到。

that they've picked them up at a crime scene.

他們在一個犯罪現場撿到了這些東西。

Pollen and spores are produced by plants and fungi.

花粉和孢子是由植物和真菌產生的。

so you know very well that this plant will grow in this soil,

所以你很清楚，這種植物會在這種土壤中生長。

and because of that, we can predict where they are from.

也正因為如此，我們可以預測他們來自哪裡。

In one particular case of an attempted murder,

在一個特殊的謀殺未遂案件中。

this man tried to strangle a girl underneath a lamp post

這名男子試圖將一個女孩勒死在燈柱下

and he said he hadn't been there, of course,

他說他沒有去過那裡，當然了。

I showed that he'd bumped up against a fence with his left shoulder,

我表明他的左肩撞到了柵欄上。

And because I sampled the crime scene in detail,

而且因為我對犯罪現場進行了詳細的採樣。

I could see where bits of his body had been

我可以看到他身體的碎片被放在哪裡

so I could actually reconstruct what he did at the time.

所以我可以實際重建他當時的工作。

There are other ways in which nature can help forensic scientists

大自然還可以通過其他方式來幫助法醫科學家

Insects, for example, can provide a lot of information

as forensic entomologist, Amoret Whitaker, explains.

正如法醫昆蟲學家Amoret Whitaker所解釋的那樣。

When you die your body starts to break down and decompose

當你死的時候，你的身體開始分解，分解。

basically straight away. And so your body starts giving off certain odours

基本上是直接的。是以你的身體開始散發出某些氣味

and those are very attractive to blowflies.

而這些對吹蠅來說是非常有吸引力的。

If we can work out how old the larvae are that are feeding on the body,

如果我們能算出以身體為食的幼蟲有多大。

then we can work out the minimum time that that person must have been dead.

那麼我們就可以算出這個人至少應該死了多久。

The colder it is, the slower the larvae develop,

天氣越冷，幼蟲的發育就越慢。

the warmer it is, the faster they develop.

天氣越暖和，它們的發展就越快。

Really, the shorter the time span since the death,

真的，死亡後的時間跨度越短。

Remember Edmond Locard, the French criminologist we mentioned earlier?

還記得我們之前提到的法國犯罪學家埃德蒙-洛卡嗎？

didn't end at "everything leaves a trace".

沒有結束在 "一切都留下痕跡"。

He developed and contributed to various methods of forensic analysis,

他開發了各種法醫分析方法並做出了貢獻。

including dactylography, the study of fingerprints.

The interpretation of evidence has changed a lot

since I became a crime scene examiner 20 years ago.

自從20年前我成為一名犯罪現場檢查員以來，我就一直在關注這個問題。

Back then, if I examined a car whose door had been broken open

那時，如果我檢查一輛車門被撞開的汽車

to gain entry, and the only evidence I found

was a fingermark on the outside of the driver's door,

that if the fingermark was identified for someone,

then that person would eventually be charged with the offence

那麼這個人最終將被指控犯有罪行。

especially in a relatively non-serious case such as this,

特別是在這樣一個相對不嚴重的案件中。

there would be a strong likelihood that it wouldn't go to court

and this is because the Crown Prosecution Service, or CPS,

they need to be satisfied that there is sufficient evidence

to provide a realistic prospect of conviction.

based on the fingermark on the outside of the vehicle

might be that anyone could have walked by and leaned on the vehicle,

可能是任何人都可能走過並倚靠在車輛上。

defence barristers argued about who the evidence belonged to,

辯方律師就證據的歸屬進行了爭論。

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法醫科學。內幕指南｜BBC創意 (Forensic science: An insider's guide | BBC Ideas)

evidence

straight

accurate

evolve