Name: 朋霍費爾的愚蠢理論 (Bonhoeffer‘s Theory of Stupidity)
Uploaded: 2021-10-15T17:40:28.000Z
Duration: 5 min 59 s

In the darkest chapter of German history, during a time when incited mobs threw stones

在德國曆史上最黑暗的篇章中，在被煽動的暴民投擲石塊的時期

基礎被動語態

into the windows of innocent shop owners and women and children were cruelly humiliated

砸向無辜店主的窗戶，婦女和兒童受到殘酷的羞辱。

情態副詞

in the open; Dietrich Bonhoeffer, a young pastor, began to speak publicly against the

年輕的牧師Dietrich Bonhoeffer開始公開發表言論反對

After years of trying to change people's minds, Bonhoeffer came home one evening and his own

在多年試圖改變人們的思想之後，一天晚上，邦霍費爾回到家，他自己的

father had to tell him that two men were waiting in his room to take him away.

父親不得不告訴他，有兩個人在他的房間裡等著要把他帶走。

In prison, Bonhoeffer began to reflect on how his country of poets and thinkers had

在監獄裡，朋霍費爾開始反思他的詩人和思想家的國家如何

turned into a collective of cowards, crooks and criminals.

變成了一個懦夫、金光黨和罪犯的集體。

Eventually he concluded that the root of the problem was not malice, but stupidity.

最終他得出結論，問題的根源不在於惡意，而在於愚蠢。

In his famous letters from prison, Bonhoeffer argued that stupidity is a more dangerous

朋霍費爾在他著名的獄中書信中認為，愚蠢是一種更危險的行為。

enemy of the good than malice, because while “one may protest against evil; it can be

因為雖然 "人們可以抗議邪惡；但它可以是

exposed and prevented by the use of force, against stupidity we are defenseless.

通過使用武力暴露和阻止，對愚蠢的行為我們毫無抵抗力。

Neither protests nor the use of force accomplish anything here.

抗議和使用武力在這裡都沒有任何結果。

Facts that contradict a stupid person's prejudgment simply need not be believed and

與一個愚蠢的人的預判相矛盾的事實根本不需要被相信和

when they are irrefutable, they are just pushed aside as inconsequential, as incidental.

當它們是無可辯駁的時候，它們就被當作無關緊要的、附帶的東西推到一邊。

In all this the stupid person, is self-satisfied and, being easily irritated, becomes dangerous

在這一切中，愚蠢的人自以為是，並且由於容易被激怒，變得危險起來。

For that reason, greater caution is called for when dealing with a stupid person than

出於這個原因，在處理一個愚蠢的人時，需要更加謹慎，而不是

If we want to know how to get the better of stupidity, we must seek to understand its

如果我們想知道如何擺脫愚蠢，我們必須設法瞭解它的

This much is certain, stupidity is in essence not an intellectual defect but a moral one.

這一點是肯定的，愚蠢在本質上不是智力上的缺陷，而是道德上的缺陷。

There are human beings who are remarkably agile intellectually yet stupid, and others

有些人在智力上非常敏捷，但卻很愚蠢，而有些人則是

who are intellectually dull yet anything but stupid.

這些人智力遲鈍，但卻很愚蠢。

The impression one gains is not so much that stupidity is a congenital defect but that,

給人的印象並不是愚蠢是一種先天性的缺陷，而是如此。

under certain circumstances, people are made stupid or rather, they allow this to happen

在某些情況下，人們會變得愚蠢，或者說，他們允許這種情況發生

People who live in solitude manifest this defect less frequently than individuals in

生活在孤獨中的人表現出這種缺陷的頻率低於生活在孤獨中的人。

And so it would seem that stupidity is perhaps less a psychological than a sociological problem.

這樣看來，愚蠢也許不是一個心理學問題，而是一個社會學問題。

It becomes apparent that every strong upsurge of power, be it of a political or religious

顯然，每一次權力的強勢崛起，不管是政治還是宗教的，都會給人們帶來巨大的衝擊。

nature, infects a large part of humankind with stupidity.

天性，使人類的很大一部分人感染上了愚蠢。

Almost as if this is a sociological-psychological law where the power of the one needs the stupidity

幾乎可以說這是一個社會學-心理學規律，一個人的力量需要愚蠢的人的力量

The process at work here is not that particular human capacities, such as intellect, suddenly

這裡發生作用的過程並不是人類的特殊能力，如智力，突然間

Instead, it seems that under the overwhelming impact of rising power, humans are deprived

相反，似乎在權力上升的壓倒性影響下，人類被剝奪了

of their inner independence and, more or less consciously, give up an autonomous position.

的內在獨立性，並或多或少有意識地放棄了自主地位。

The fact that the stupid person is often stubborn must not blind us from the fact that he is

愚蠢的人往往是頑固的，這一事實不能使我們忽視他是

In conversation with him, one virtually feels that one is dealing not at all with him as

在與他的交談中，人們幾乎感覺到自己根本不是在與他打交道，而是在與他打交道。

a person, but with slogans, catchwords, and the like that have taken possession of him.

一個人，但與口號，口號，和類似的，已經佔據了他。

He is under a spell, blinded, misused, and is abused in his very being.

他被施了咒語，被矇蔽，被誤用，在他的本體中被虐待。

Having thus become a mindless tool, the stupid person will also be capable of any evil - incapable

在成為一個無意識的工具之後，愚蠢的人也會有能力做任何壞事--沒有能力

Only an act of liberation, not instruction, can overcome stupidity.

只有解放的行為，而不是指令，才能克服愚蠢。

Here we must come to terms with the fact that in most cases a genuine internal liberation

在這裡，我們必須接受這樣一個事實：在大多數情況下，真正的內部解放

becomes possible only when external liberation has preceded it.

只有在外部解脫之前，才有可能實現。

Until then, we must abandon all attempts to convince the stupid person.

在那之前，我們必須放棄所有試圖說服愚蠢的人的嘗試。

Bonhoeffer died due to his involvement in a plot against Adolf Hitler at dawn on 9 April

4月9日拂曉，邦霍費爾因參與反對阿道夫-希特勒的陰謀而死。

1945 at Flossenbürg concentration camp just two weeks before soldiers from the United

1945年，在弗洛森布格集中營，就在來自美國的阿兵哥的兩個星期前

“Action springs not from thought, but from a readiness for responsibility.

"行動不是源於思考，而是源於對責任的準備。

The ultimate test of a moral society is the kind of world that it leaves to its children.”

對一個道德社會的最終檢驗是它留給孩子們什麼樣的世界"。

Check the description below to read Bonhoeffer's original text, "After Ten Years"

查看下面的描述，閱讀邦霍費爾的原文 "十年之後"

For more information about Bonhoeffer or to download this video without background music,

想了解更多關於邦霍夫的資訊，或下載這個沒有背景音樂的視頻。

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朋霍費爾的愚蠢理論 (Bonhoeffer‘s Theory of Stupidity)

eventually

ultimate

overwhelming

genuine