But this episode will show the law at its best,

但這一集將展示法律的最佳狀態。

helping all humanity build a future amongst the stars.

幫助全人類在星空中建立一個未來。

If an astronaut gets lost in space, who comes to the rescue?

如果一個太空人在太空中迷路了，誰來救援？

And how can the law help make a place for everyone in orbit?

而法律如何幫助在軌道上為每個人創造一個位置？

First – something right out of the movies:

首先--直接從電影裡出來的東西。

what happens in a space emergency?

在空間緊急情況下會發生什麼？

We've seen, in earlier episodes, how astronauts have to follow the law

我們已經看到，在前面的劇情中，太空人必須遵守法律

of their own country when they're in space.

當他們在太空中時，他們自己國家的人。

The law isn't just something that you have to obey;

法律不僅僅是你必須遵守的東西。

it protects you too.

它也能保護你。

So, what happens when you're a long way from home?

那麼，當你離家很遠的時候，會發生什麼？

How could your country's laws protect you?

你的國家的法律如何能保護你？

If an Indian astronaut got into trouble in space,

如果一個印度太空人在太空中遇到了麻煩。

international law says it's not just India's responsibility to help.

國際法規定，這不僅僅是印度的責任，也是幫助。

The Outer Space Treaty and Rescue Agreement

外層空間條約和救援協議

means that other countries should attempt to help.

意味著其他國家應嘗試提供幫助。

More than 130 countries have signed the OST.

已有130多個國家簽署了《奧斯陸條約》。

And if an astronaut crash-lands in another country,

而如果一個太空人在另一個國家墜毀。

the treaty means that they have to be returned home safely.

該條約意味著他們必須被安全送回家。

So, has the Rescue Treaty ever been needed?

那麼，是否曾經需要《救援條約》？

Here's space lawyer, Deepika Jayakodi:

這裡是太空律師，迪皮卡-賈亞科迪。

In reality, there hasn't been a case

在現實中，還沒有出現過這樣的情況

where astronauts have been rescued.

太空人獲救的地方。

When the Apollo 13 mission was going on,

當阿波羅13號任務正在進行時。

there was a risk that people anticipated.

有一種風險是人們預期的。

The mission had to be aborted

該任務不得不中止

and, although nothing crazy happened,

而且，雖然沒有發生什麼瘋狂的事情。

then USSR offered to assist USA

然後蘇聯提出援助美國

in case they had to rescue astronauts.

以防他們不得不救援太空人。

Although astronauts haven't yet needed to be rescued,

儘管太空人還不需要被救援。

the USSR offered help to American astronauts

蘇聯向美國太空人提供幫助

when the Apollo mission went wrong.

當阿波羅任務出錯時。

So, what if a country didn't help?

那麼，如果一個國家沒有幫助呢？

A country can be held responsible

一個國家可以被追究責任

and by holding someone responsible,

並通過追究某人的責任。

it could mean that you look into other provisions

這可能意味著你要研究其他條款

under international law, to see if they can provide a compensation,

根據國際法，看看他們是否能提供賠償。

or just to show that you haven't fulfilled

或者只是為了表明你還沒有履行

a moral and a legal obligation to do something.

一個道德上和法律上的義務，做一些事情。

Countries that don't help might have to pay compensation,

不提供幫助的國家可能需要支付賠償。

and it would damage their reputation.

而且會損害他們的聲譽。

What about private companies?

私人公司呢？

Private companies come under... under the control of a country.

私人公司在......在一個國家的控制之下。

So, if a country is obligated to render this assistance,

是以，如果一個國家有義務提供這種援助。

then the private company is obligated as well.

那麼私營公司也有義務。

Companies also have to help astronauts in need,

公司也要幫助有需要的太空人。

because they come under the control of countries.

因為它們是在國家的控制之下。

Deepika explained how a new agreement,

迪皮卡解釋了一項新協議的情況。

called the Artemis Accords, strengthened the Rescue Agreement.

被稱為 "阿特米斯協議"，加強了《救援協議》。

The Artemis Accords states that

阿耳特彌斯協議》規定

if there is someone in danger,

如果有人處於危險之中。

if they require emergency assistance,

如果他們需要緊急援助。

then the countries or even the companies

然後是國家甚至是公司

who are working on the Moon – they should be...

在月球上工作的人 - 他們應該...

they should extend help to those in need.

他們應該向有需要的人提供幫助。

The Artemis Accords echo the Rescue Agreement.

阿特米斯協議》與《救援協議》相呼應。

They say countries and companies working on the Moon

他們說在月球上工作的國家和公司

must help those in need.

必須幫助有需要的人。

The rescue agreement remains a good example

救援協議仍然是一個很好的例子

of how space law shows lawmakers at their best.

的空間法如何顯示出立法者的最佳狀態。

There's something very solid,

有一些非常堅實的東西。

which shows just how well we can work together,

這表明我們可以很好地一起工作。

and it's probably gone right over your head.

而這可能是在你的頭頂上。

Two small spacecraft,

兩個小型航天器。

locked together high above the Earth.

鎖定在地球的高空。

These are the Russian Zarya and the American Unity,

這些是俄羅斯的扎里亞和美國的團結。

joining together in 1998.

在1998年一起加入。

They might not look like much, but they grew

他們可能看起來不大，但他們成長了

into one of humanity's greatest achievements.

變成人類最偉大的成就之一。

Bit by bit, spinning through the skies,

一點一點地，在天空中旋轉。

the structure grew to become the International Space Station.

該結構發展成為國際空間站。

It came about after the end of the Cold War:

它是在冷戰結束後產生的。

a symbol of hope more than 400km above the Earth.

在地球上空400多公里的地方，一個希望的象徵。

It's more than 100m wide and getting bigger,

它有100多米寬，而且越來越大。

circling the Earth fifteen times a day.

每天圍著地球轉十五圈。

It's home to astronauts from all over the globe,

它是來自全球各地的太空人的家。

from countries that haven't always been friendly,

來自那些並不總是友好的國家。

working together to help us understand the universe.

一起工作，幫助我們瞭解宇宙。

So, how did people ever agree to build this together?

那麼，人們怎麼會同意一起建造這個東西呢？

Here's space lawyer, Jessica Noble, to explain:

下面是太空律師傑西卡-諾貝爾的解釋。

So, in order to build the International Space Station,

是以，為了建立國際空間站。

a multilateral treaty needed to be put in place.

需要制定一項多邊條約。

Now, a multilateral treaty is an agreement

現在，多邊條約是一項協議

between more than one nation,

在一個以上的國家之間。

and a group of nations had come together

和一群國家走到一起

in support of building the International Space Station.

以支持建設國際空間站。

So, this was the United States,

所以，這就是美國。

Russia, Canada, Japan

俄羅斯、加拿大、日本

and the European countries,

和歐洲國家。

which comprise the membership of the European Space Agency.

構成了歐洲航天局的成員。

Fifteen nations partnered to build the International Space Station.

15個國家合作建立了國際空間站。

They needed to sign an agreement called a multilateral treaty –

他們需要簽署一項稱為多邊條約的協議----。

an agreement between more than one country.

一個以上的國家之間的協議。

So, on the ISS, do all the astronauts follow one set of laws?

那麼，在國際空間站，所有太空人都遵循一套法律嗎？

You have the intergovernmental agreement,

你有政府間協議。

which applies to the activities on the International Space Station,

這適用於國際空間站上的活動。

but each country that contributed to the ISS

但每個為國際空間站作出貢獻的國家

contributed a portion of hardware to it,

貢獻了一部分硬件給它。

and in each of these hardware segments, or elements,

並在這些硬件的每個部分，或元素中。

the country's national law applies.

適用該國的國家法律。

So, for the US element, US national law applies in that segment.

是以，對於美國元素，美國國家法律適用於該部分。

In the Russian element, Russian law applies in that segment.

在俄羅斯元素中，俄羅斯法律適用於該部分。

So, you have... you have different national laws

所以，你有......你有不同的國家法律

that govern activities in those individual segments of the ISS.

在國際空間站的這些單獨部分中的活動。

The law of the nation that built each part of the ISS

建造國際空間站每個部分的國家的法律

applies in that part that the country built.

適用於國家建立的那部分。

So, American laws in the American bits,

所以，美國的法律在美國的位子上。

Russian laws in the Russian bits.

俄羅斯位的俄羅斯法律。

But does any one country have more power than any other up there?

但是否有任何一個國家比上面的其他國家擁有更多的權力？

No one country has more power than...

沒有一個國家的權力比...

than another under the intergovernmental agreement.

根據政府間協議的規定，在政府間協議下，如果有一個人比另一個人更有能力，那麼，他就會有更多的機會。

This is a true multilateral agreement amongst these...

這是一個真正的多邊協議，在這些...

these countries who are partners on the International Space Station.

這些國家都是國際空間站的合作伙伴。

The agreement about the ISS means no one country

關於國際空間站的協議意味著沒有一個國家

has more legal power on the International Space Station.

在國際空間站上有更多的法律權力。

Does that apply to the scientific work they're doing up there?

這是否適用於他們在上面所做的科學工作？

There's a concept of cooperation

有一個合作的概念

and sharing of information related to scientific discoveries

和分享與科學發現有關的資訊

on board the International Space Station.

在國際空間站上。

So... and this actually comes from the Outer Space Treaty as well,

所以......而這實際上也來自於《外層空間條約》。

and the idea that scientific discoveries made in space

以及在太空中取得的科學發現的想法。

should be shared with all countries.

應與所有國家分享。

So, if you're a partner on the International Space Station

是以，如果你是國際空間站的合作伙伴

and you are making discoveries on the ISS,

而你正在國際空間站上進行發現。

that information needs to be made public.

該資訊需要被公開。

All discoveries made in space should be for everyone.

所有在太空中的發現都應該為每個人服務。

That means all the scientific discoveries

這意味著所有的科學發現

made on the International Space Station

在國際空間站製作的

should also be for everyone.

也應該是為每個人服務。

The International Space Station:

國際空間站。

a marvel of complicated technology and complicated lawmaking.

一個複雜技術和複雜立法的奇蹟。

It shows how the rules of space law help rivals work together

它顯示了空間法的規則如何幫助對手一起工作

now and hopefully into the future,

現在，並希望將來也能如此。

as we head out into the stars.

當我們走向星空的時候。