The ugly includes the passive forms of studying  we all default to - what we were taught in grade  

醜陋包括我們都默認的被動的學習形式--我們在小學時所學到的

school. This includes re-reading your class  notes or powerpoint, or highlighting in a  

學校。這包括重讀你的課堂筆記或powerpoint，或在一個文件中強調。

textbook and re-reading those highlights, or  passively listening to lecture recordings.

教科書和重讀那些重點內容，或被動地聽講課錄音。

The bad is in the middle, where students have  intentions of breaking out of the passive  

糟糕的是在中間，學生有意向突破被動的局面

studying purgatory, but do so suboptimally.  This includes making subpar flashcards,  

學習的煉獄，但做得並不理想。 這包括製作不合格的閃卡。

writing questions for yourself without writing  down thorough answers, or doing practice questions  

為自己寫問題而不寫下徹底的答案，或做練習題

and only checking if you got the answer right or  wrong, rather than deeply reviewing the content.

並只檢查你的答案是對是錯，而不是深入審查內容。

The good study strategies have three steps. Step  1 is to first focus on comprehension through your  

好的學習策略有三個步驟。第一步是首先通過自己的理解力來關注

initial exposure to the information, followed by  addressing confusion and gaps in understanding,  

初步接觸資訊，然後解決理解上的困惑和差距。

after which you practice by applying the  information. Step 2 is memory consolidation,  

之後，你通過應用這些資訊進行練習。第二步是鞏固記憶。

primarily through spaced repetition  with active recall. And step 3 is  

主要是通過有間隔的重複與主動回憶。而第三步是

to remember the larger context to facilitate  learning. This includes optimizing the place,  

要記住更大的背景以促進學習。這包括優化場所。

time, and environment in which you study.

時間，以及你所處的環境。

For more, check out my full video on the  good, ok, and the useless of study techniques.

更多資訊，請查看我關於學習技巧的好的、好的和無用的完整視頻。