Name: 【TED】保羅．布倫: 偏見可能是好事？ (Paul Bloom: Can prejudice ever be a good thing?)
Uploaded: 2014-10-01T23:02:58.000Z
Duration: 16 min 24 s

we tend to think about stupid and evil people

我們總會想到愚蠢和邪惡的人們

who wrote, "Prejudice is the child of ignorance."

and I think that once we understand this,

而我認為一旦我們理解這個道理

we're in a better position to make sense of them

and we're in a better position to know what to do

So, start with stereotypes. You look at me,

因此，從「刻板印象」開始談起吧。你們看看我

you know my name, you know certain facts about me,

你們知道我的名字，你們知道一些關於我的事

You could make guesses about my ethnicity,

my political affiliation, my religious beliefs.

And the thing is, these judgments tend to be accurate.

重點是，這些判斷往往是準確的

And we're very good at this sort of thing

是因為我們能先入為主地憑斷他人

is not some sort of arbitrary quirk of the mind,

這並不是我們腦袋裡的恣意怪想

and we can use our experience to make generalizations

about novel instances of these categories.

So everybody here has a lot of experience

you could eat the apple, the dog will bark.

The chair could collapse if you sit on it,

若你坐在椅子上，椅子可能會倒

the apple might be poison, the dog might not bark,

蘋果可能有毒，狗可能不會吠叫

and in fact, this is my dog Tessie, who doesn't bark.

其實這是我的狗黛絲，牠不會吠叫

But for the most part, we're good at this.

但在大多數情況下，我們的判斷很準確

在大多數情況下，我們的猜測是合理的

both in the social domain and the non-social domain,

if we weren't able to make guesses about new instances that we encounter,

如果我們無法對新的事物做出猜測

And in fact, Hazlitt later on in his wonderful essay

事實上，哈茲里特後來在他一篇精彩的文章中

He writes, "Without the aid of prejudice and custom,

他寫道，「沒有偏見和習慣的幫助，

I should not be able to find my way my across the room;

nor know how to conduct myself in any circumstances,

也不知道自己在不同情況下該如何反應，

nor what to feel in any relation of life."

也無法感受生命中任何一段情感。」

Now sometimes, we break the world up into

us versus them, into in-group versus out-group,

is a question that came from the audience

是在上次選舉前共和黨的辯論中

in a Republican debate prior to the last election.

(Video) Anderson Cooper: Gets to your question,

〈影片〉安德森庫柏：問答時間

the question in the hall, on foreign aid? Yes, ma'am.

觀眾提問，有關對外援助？有請這位女士

when we need all the help we can get for ourselves?

此時我們需要這些援助用在我們本國人身上

安德森庫柏：州長佩里，您如何看待此事呢？

which is as Americans, we should care more

這個前提是身為美國人，我們應該更關照

And in fact, in general, people are often swayed

事實上，一般來說，人們時常會受到影響

by feelings of solidarity, loyalty, pride, patriotism,

這些影響來自對他們的國家或種族

towards their country or towards their ethnic group.

有著團結、忠誠、自豪以及愛國主義

Regardless of your politics, many people feel proud to be American,

不談政治傾向，很多人對自己身為美國人而感到自豪

and they favor Americans over other countries.

他們對美國人的偏愛更勝於其他國家

Residents of other countries feel the same about their nation,

其他國家的人民對自己國家也抱有相同態度

and we feel the same about our ethnicities.

你們當中某些人可能是世界主義者

that you think that ethnicity and nationality

towards the in-group in the domain of friends and family,

是從朋友和家人當中來劃分群體

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【TED】保羅．布倫: 偏見可能是好事？ (Paul Bloom: Can prejudice ever be a good thing?)

matter

people

question

reason