the Rolling Stones, has died at the age of 80.

滾石樂隊的成員，已經去世，享年80歲。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是BBC學習英語的新聞評論。

I'm Neil and joining me is Tom. Hello Tom.

我是尼爾，加入我的是湯姆。你好，湯姆。

Hello Neil and hello to our audience.

尼爾你好，也向我們的觀眾問好。

Don't forget – if you want to test yourself on today's vocabulary,

不要忘記--如果你想測試自己今天的詞彙量。

there's a quiz at bbclearningenglish.com.

在bbclearningenglish.com有一個測驗。

Now, let's hear about this story from a BBC radio report:

現在，讓我們聽聽BBC電臺報道的這個故事。

So, Charlie Watts, drummer of the Rolling Stones, has died.

那麼，滾石樂隊的鼓手查理-瓦茨已經去世。

Newspapers in the UK and abroad

英國和國外的報紙

have paid respect to the late drummer.

向這位已故鼓手錶示敬意。

Watts died at the age of 80

沃茨在80歲時去世

and this was shortly after cancelling his appearance

而這是在取消了他的出現後不久

on the most recent planned tour.

在最近的計劃中的巡迴演出。

Yeah. Sad news for fans of the Rolling Stones.

是的。對於滾石樂隊的粉絲來說，這是一個悲傷的消息。

You've been looking at this story and you've picked out

你一直在看這個故事，你已經挑出了

three words and expressions that we can use to talk about it.

我們可以用三個詞和表達方式來談論它。

What have you got?

你有什麼？

I have three words and expressions: 'backbone', 'rock' and 'pay tribute'.

我有三個詞和表達方式。'骨幹'、'搖滾'和'致敬'。

'Backbone', 'rock' and 'pay tribute'.

'骨幹'、'搖滾'和'致敬'。

Let's start with your first headline then please, Tom.

讓我們從你的第一個頭條新聞開始吧，湯姆。

My first headline, Neil, is from the Miami Herald in the US – it says:

我的第一個標題，尼爾，是來自美國的《邁阿密先驅報》--它說。

And that word is 'backbone'.

而這個詞就是'骨幹'。

'Backbone' – meaning main support.

'骨幹'--指主要支持。

Now, 'backbone' – that word made up of two words: 'back' and 'bone'–

現在，"骨幹"--這個詞由兩個詞組成。'背'和'骨' -

I know what that is. That's... that's your spine, isn't it?

我知道那是什麼。那是......那是你的脊柱，不是嗎？

Yeah. You know the medical use – so, the spine is...

是的。你知道醫療用途 - 所以，脊柱是...

is your 'backbone'. And what does it do, Neil?

是你的 "主心骨"。那它是做什麼的，尼爾？

What is the purpose of this spine or 'backbone' in the body?

這個脊柱或 "背脊 "在體內的作用是什麼？

Well, it supports everything else: all of the other main bones come off it

嗯，它支持其他一切：所有其他主要的骨骼都來自於它。

and it's really central. Without it, the body would collapse.

而它確實是核心。沒有它，身體就會垮掉。

Yeah. It quite literally holds everything together,

是的，從字面上看，它把一切都聯繫在一起。

and it's in this way that this use is similar.

而正是在這種方式下，這種使用是相似的。

We're not talking about an actual bone in your body, but when we say,

我們不是在談論你身體裡的一根真正的骨頭，但是當我們說。

'Charlie Watts was the backbone of the Rolling Stones,'

查理-沃茨是滾石樂隊的骨幹，' '。

we mean that he helped to keep the group together.

我們的意思是，他幫助保持了這個團體的團結。

This could be because of his personality

這可能是由於他的個性

or, as a drummer, he helps to keep other musicians in time.

或者，作為一個鼓手，他幫助其他樂手保持時間。

Yeah, that's right. And we use that expression

是的，這就對了。而我們使用這種表達方式

'to be the backbone of something' precisely like that –

'成為某物的骨幹'正是如此------。

to say that something is really important

意思是說，某件事情非常重要

in terms of supporting something.

在支持的東西方面。

Yeah, and it... it's quite a positive thing to say.

是的，而且......這是很積極的說法。

There's another use of 'backbone',

還有一個 "骨幹 "的用法。

which refers to, kind of, strength of character.

這指的是，一種，性格的力量。

If someone 'displays backbone'

如果有人 "表現出骨氣

or you could say if they 'have a lot of backbone',

或者你可以說，如果他們 "有很多骨氣"。

it means they display great strength of character

意味著他們顯示出巨大的人格力量

and they're a, sort of, strong person.

而且他們是一個，有點，堅強的人。

OK. So, that's a slightly different meaning to the one in this headline then,

好的。是以，這與這個標題中的含義略有不同。

where we're saying that somebody is important for supporting.

在這裡，我們說某人是重要的支持。

This is about the strength, or how brave somebody is.

這是關於力量，或某人有多勇敢。

Yeah, precisely. So, imagine... one day, Neil,

是的，正是如此。所以，想象一下......有一天，尼爾。

if I didn't want to do News Review and I said,

如果我不想做《新聞評論》，我說。

'Oh, I'm tired. I don't feel like it.

'哦，我很累。我不喜歡這樣。

I don't know if I can do it.'

我不知道我是否能做到這一點'。

And you said, 'Tom, come on! Show some backbone. Do the job.'

而你說，"湯姆，來吧！拿出點勇氣。拿出點骨氣來。做好工作。

It means, kind of, be strong.

它的意思是，有點像，要堅強。

Yeah. And interestingly, we talk about 'spine' in a...

是的。有趣的是，我們談論 "脊柱 "是在...。

in a similar way to mean, sort of, being brave.

以類似的方式表示，有點像，勇敢。

We can say that somebody who isn't brave is 'spineless'.

我們可以說，不勇敢的人是 "沒骨氣"。

Exactly. Yeah. So, almost the opposite of having 'backbone'

正是如此。是的。所以，幾乎與有 "骨氣 "相反的是

is being 'spineless', which – if you say to someone, 'Don't be spineless,'

是 "沒有骨氣"，這--如果你對某人說，"不要沒有骨氣，

it means: 'Don't be a wimp.'

它的意思是："不要做一個懦夫。

You know, you need to be brave.

你知道，你需要勇敢。

Yeah. That's right. OK. Shall we get a summary?

是的。這就對了。好的。我們要不要做個總結？

Let's do that.

我們就這麼做吧。

If you like stories about music, we have the perfect one for you

如果你喜歡關於音樂的故事，我們為你準備了完美的故事

about whether or not music's getting faster.

關於音樂是否在變快。

What do our viewers have to do, Tom?

我們的觀眾要做什麼，湯姆？

They just need to groove on down the page

他們只需要繼續往下走就可以了。

and click the link in the video description.

並點擊視頻描述中的鏈接。

Let's have a look now at your second headline.

現在我們來看看你的第二個標題。

Of course. My second headline is from

當然了。我的第二個標題是來自

the Financial Times in the UK – it says:

英國的《金融時報》--它說。

And the word is 'rock'.

而這個詞是 "岩石"。

So, 'rock' – strong, reliable person.

是以，"岩石"--堅強、可靠的人。

Yeah. 'Rock' – strong, reliable person.

是的。"岩石"--堅強、可靠的人。

Now, I've chosen this today, Neil,

現在，我今天選擇了這個，尼爾。

because lots of people know what a 'rock' is,

因為很多人都知道 "石頭 "是什麼。

and it relates to a stone, actually.

而且它與一塊石頭有關，實際上。

But there are all these other uses of 'rock' that we use in English as well.

但是我們在英語中也有所有這些 "岩石 "的其他用法。

I thought this would be a good opportunity to look at these.

我認為這將是一個很好的機會來看看這些。

Yeah. And in this headline the use of the word 'rock'

是的。而在這個標題中，"搖滾 "一詞的使用

has multiple meanings and that's very typical of a headline.

有多種含義，這是很典型的標題。

We call these puns. They are plays on word... on words.

我們稱這些為雙關語。它們是文字遊戲......文字上的遊戲。

They are, of course, yeah, because Charlie....

當然，他們是，是的，因為查理....

Charlie Watts was a 'rock musician'. He played in a 'rock band'

查理-瓦茨是一個 "搖滾樂手"。他在一個 "搖滾樂隊 "中演奏

and to describe him as the 'rock' of a band is quite appropriate.

將他描述為一個樂隊的 "搖滾 "是非常恰當的。

The meaning is almost similar: if you think of a 'rock' –

其含義幾乎是相似的：如果你想到一塊'石頭' --

it's strong, you know, it's hard

它很強壯，你知道，它很困難

and these are adjectives we could use to describe 'rock music' as well,

而這些都是我們可以用來描述 "搖滾音樂 "的形容詞。

which has a sort of strong, hard and powerful sound.

它有一種強烈的、堅硬的和有力的聲音。

Yeah. And if we describe someone as 'your rock' or 'my rock',

是的。如果我們形容某人為 "你的岩石 "或 "我的岩石"。

we're talking about the strength that they give you.

我們談論的是他們給你的力量。

Yeah. So, this is more in a, sort of, emotional context.

是的。所以，這更多的是在一種，某種，情感的背景下。

If you have a husband or wife or partner and you say,

如果你有一個丈夫或妻子或夥伴，你說。

'You are my rock,' or, 'This person is my rock,'

'你是我的磐石'，或者，'這個人是我的磐石'。

it means you are my, sort of, person that I depend on.

這意味著你是我的，某種程度上，我依賴的人。

You're my number one person that I rely on for support.

你是我的頭號支持者，我依靠你來支持。

Yeah, OK. What else can we say about this word?

是的，好的。關於這個詞我們還能說什麼？

About 'rock'. So, in the headline, what it's saying is that

關於'搖滾'。是以，在標題中，它所說的是

Charlie Watts was a strong and reliable band member.

查理-瓦茨是一個強大而可靠的樂隊成員。

It's quite, actually, similar to the... to the first headline.

這很，實際上，類似於......類似於第一個頭條新聞。

It's a respectful play to the late drummer.

這是對已故鼓手的一種尊重。

OK then. Let's get a summary:

那麼好吧。讓我們來做個總結。

So, we've had stones, rock and now we have metal –

是以，我們已經有了石頭、岩石，現在我們有了金屬 --

all about music.

所有關於音樂。

We've got a 6 Minute English programme about death metal

我們有一個關於死亡金屬的6分鐘英語節目

and whether it can bring people joy.

以及它是否能給人們帶來快樂。

Where can our viewers find that, Tom?

我們的觀眾在哪裡可以找到這些，湯姆？

Our viewers can find that, Neil, again

我們的觀眾可以找到這一點，尼爾，再次

by scrolling down the page – clicking the link.

通過向下滾動頁面-點擊鏈接。

I'm a big death metal fan and I personally really enjoyed this episode.

我是一個很大的死亡金屬迷，我個人非常喜歡這一集。

It's given you plenty of joy.

它給了你很多的快樂。

Yes. Always.

是的。總是這樣。

OK. Let's have a look at your next headline.

好的。讓我們看一下你的下一個標題。

Great. OK. Our next headline, appropriately,

很好。好的。我們的下一個頭條新聞，適當地。

is from Rolling Stone magazine – it says:

是來自《滾石》雜誌--它說。

There's that word 'rock' again,

又是那個詞 "搖滾"。

but our expression here is 'pay tribute'.

但我們在這裡的表達是 "致敬"。

'Pay tribute' – honour someone or something.

'致敬'--向某人或某事致敬。

'Pay tribute' – so, in history, 'tribute' is money

'進貢'--所以，在歷史上，'進貢'就是金錢

that you would pay to a king, a queen or a ruler of somewhere.

你會付給國王、女王或某個地方的統治者的錢。

And you did this to show respect.

而你這樣做是為了表示尊重。

It was a form of respect.

這是一種尊重的形式。

So, it has this figurative usage of paying respect.

是以，它有這種支付敬意的比喻性用法。

Obviously, in the modern times,

很明顯，在現代。

when people 'pay tribute' to someone, they don't give them money;

當人們向某人 "致敬 "時，他們並不給他們錢。

they're more likely to give them a nice statement,

他們更有可能給他們一個漂亮的聲明。

or write a song,

或寫一首歌。

but the idea of money is where you get the verb collocation 'pay'.

但錢的概念是你得到動詞搭配 "支付 "的地方。

So, 'pay tribute to someone' means show respect to somebody.

是以，"向某人致敬 "意味著向某人表示尊重。

And this is really, really common when somebody famous dies.

這在名人去世時真的很常見。

We see this expression to 'pay tribute' to someone all the time.

我們經常看到這種向某人 "致敬 "的表達。

Yeah, definitely. So, as a... we'd normally do it

是的，當然。所以，作為一個......我們通常會這樣做

through statements, or acts,

通過聲明，或行為。

or it's very popular with artists as well.

或者說它在藝術家中也非常受歡迎。

In fact, if you have a song,

事實上，如果你有一首歌。

you can say that a song is 'a tribute to someone'.

你可以說，一首歌是 "向某人致敬"。

You can use 'tribute' as a noun.

你可以把'貢品'作為一個名詞使用。

So, if we were to play a song now, Neil, we could say:

所以，如果我們現在要演奏一首歌，尼爾，我們可以說。

'This is a tribute to Charlie Watts.'

這是對查理-沃茨的致敬。

It means it's intended for his memory.

這意味著這是為他的記憶準備的。

Yeah. And also that word 'tribute' as a noun

是的。還有那個作為名詞的 "貢品 "一詞

can be modified by an adjective connected to the type of tribute.

可以用一個與貢品類型相關的形容詞來修飾。

So, for example, if you wrote a song

是以，舉例來說，如果你寫了一首歌

about someone that you wanted to honour,

關於你想紀念的人。

it would be called a 'musical tribute'.

這將被稱為 "音樂讚頌"。

A 'musical tribute', yeah. Or in fact, Neil, there are actually bands

一個'音樂致敬'，是的。或者事實上，尼爾，實際上有一些樂隊

that just copy the song in the style of other bands –

只是複製其他樂隊風格的歌曲------。

do you know these bands?

你知道這些樂隊嗎？

Yeah, they're called 'tribute bands'.

是的，他們被稱為 "致敬樂隊"。

They are 'tribute bands', yes. So, they're just the people who copy it,

他們是 "致敬樂隊"，是的。所以，他們只是複製它的人。

and play much smaller venues and just don't write their own songs.

並在小得多的場所演出，只是不寫自己的歌。

So, if we formed a Rolling Stones 'tribute band' – what could we...

是以，如果我們組建一個滾石樂隊的 "致敬樂隊" - 我們可以...

we could call ourselves the 'Rolling Rocks',

我們可以稱自己為 "滾動的岩石"。

because 'rock' – 'stone'...

因為'岩石'-'石頭'...

...kind of similar. I think we should do it.  

...有點類似。我認為我們應該這樣做。

We should definitely do it! I think we should do it as well.

我們肯定應該這樣做我認為我們也應該這樣做。

Let's get the guitars down!

讓我們把吉他放下來吧!

OK. Let's get a summary:

好的。讓我們來做個總結。

Time now then for a recap of the vocabulary please, Tom.

那麼現在是時候回顧一下詞彙了，湯姆。

Of course. Today's vocabulary: we have 'backbone' – main support.

當然了。今天的詞彙：我們有'骨幹'--主要支持。

'Rock' – strong, reliable person.

岩石"--堅強、可靠的人。

And 'pay tribute', which means honour someone or something.

還有'pay tribute'，意思是向某人或某物致敬。

The best way to learn vocabulary is to test yourself

學習詞彙的最好方法是測試自己

and you can do that by visiting our website bbclearningenglish.com.

而你可以通過訪問我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com來做到這一點。

You'll find a quiz on the words that we talked about today.

你會發現一個關於我們今天談論的單詞的測驗。

And don't forget we're also all over social media.

別忘了，我們也在社交媒體上大肆宣傳。

Thanks for joining us. And goodbye.

謝謝你加入我們。還有，再見。

See ya!

再見!