English here.

這裡是英語。

Did you know that we are now offering

你知道嗎，我們現在正在提供

a new weekly extra episode

新的每週特別節目

of 6 Minute English exclusively

6分鐘英語專用

on our

在我們的

website? So go to

網站？是以，請到

bbclearninenglish.com to find your

bbclearninenglish.com來尋找你的

favourite presenters

最喜愛的主持人

on your favourite programme.

在你最喜歡的節目中。

The extra episodes are only

額外的劇集只有

available on our website:

可在我們的網站上找到。

bbclearningenglish.com. See you there!

bbclearningenglish.com。在那裡見!

Hello. This is 6 Minute English

你好。這裡是6分鐘英語

from BBC Learning English.

來自BBC學習英語。

I'm Neil.

我是尼爾。

And I'm Sam.

而我是山姆。

Are you feeling well, Sam?

你感覺好嗎，山姆？

No headache or sore throat?

沒有頭痛或喉嚨痛？

No, I feel fine thanks, Neil.

不，我感覺很好，謝謝，尼爾。

Why do you ask?

你為什麼這麼問？

Well, I've been reading some

嗯，我一直在閱讀一些

inspirational stories about the

的鼓舞人心的故事。

doctors and nurses fighting Covid.

與科維德作戰的醫生和護士。

When I was a boy, I always

當我還是個孩子時，我總是

dreamed of becoming a doctor.

夢想成為一名醫生。

Ah, I see. Have you ever

啊，我明白了。你是否曾經

been in hospital?

一直在醫院？

Yes, I have, and I remember the

是的，我有，而且我記得

nurse's bedside manner - you

護士的床邊禮儀--你

know, the kind and caring way

知道的，善良和關懷的方式

that doctors and nurses treat

醫生和護士的治療

people who are ill.

患病的人。

Nowadays more and more

如今，越來越多的

of the jobs that

的工作。

humans do are being carried

人類所做的一切都在進行中

out by machines. But I doubt

藉由機器來完成。但我懷疑

that a doctor's bedside manner

醫生的床邊禮儀

could easily be replaced

很容易被取代

by a robot.

由一個機器人。

In this programme, we'll be

在這個節目中，我們將

discussing whether the revolution

討論革命是否

in artificial intelligence, often

在人工智能領域，通常

shortened to 'AI', could replace

簡稱為 "AI"，可以取代

human doctors and nurses.

人類醫生和護士。

We'll be asking: can you imagine

我們會問：你能想象

a future without doctors?

一個沒有醫生的未來？

In fact, machines are already

事實上，機器已經在

doing some of the jobs

做一些工作

traditionally done by doctors -

傳統上由醫生來做 --

scanning people's bodies to

掃描人們的身體以

detect skin cancer, for example.

例如，檢測皮膚癌。

Yes, that's true, Sam, and it

是的，那是真的，薩姆，而且它

links to my quiz question which

鏈接到我的測驗問題，其中

is about human skin. It's a

是關於人類的皮膚。它是一個

well-known fact that skin is the

眾所周知的事實是，皮膚是

human body's largest organ - but

人體最大的器官--但

how much skin does the average

平均有多少皮膚

adult have? Is it:

成人有嗎？是的。

a) 2 square metres?,

a) 2平方米？

b) 3 square metres? or,

b) 3平方米？ 或。

c) 4 square metres?

c) 4平方米？

Of course our skin gets loose as we

當然，我們的皮膚會變得鬆弛，因為我們

age but I can't believe there's 3

歲，但我不相信有3

square metres of it! I'll say the

平方米的地方!我要說的是

answer is a) 2 square metres.

答案是a）2平方米。

OK, we'll find out if that's correct

好的，我們會發現這是否是正確的

later. Every year in the UK over

後來。在英國，每年都有超過

5 million people are treated for

500萬人接受治療

skin cancer. Catch it early and

皮膚癌。儘早抓住它並

your chances of survival

你的生存機會

are increased.

增加。

Usually a skin specialist, or

通常是一個皮膚專家，或

dermatologist, will examine your

皮膚科醫生，將檢查你的

skin using a handheld microscope.

使用手持式顯微鏡觀察皮膚。

But in 2017, a team of researchers

但在2017年，一個研究團隊

at Stanford Medical School made

在斯坦福大學醫學院取得了

an exciting announcement.

一個令人興奮的消息。

Here's Oxford University researcher

這裡是牛津大學的研究人員

Daniel Susskind, telling BBC World

丹尼爾-蘇斯金德告訴BBC世界頻道

Service programme, The Big Idea,

服務方案，大概念。

what the medics at Stanford

斯坦福大學的醫務人員

had invented:

發明的。

A team of researchers at Stamford

斯坦福大學的一個研究小組

last year announced the development

去年宣佈開發

of a system that, if you give it a

的一個系統，如果你給它一個

photo of a freckle it can tell you as

雀斑的照片，它可以告訴你為

accurately as twenty-one leading

準確地說是二十一個主要的

dermatologists whether or not

皮膚科醫生是否

that freckle is cancerous.

那個雀斑是癌症。

The Stanford medical team had

斯坦福大學的醫療團隊曾

invented an AI system to analyse

發明了一個AI系統來分析

freckles - small brown spots found

雀斑 - 發現小的褐色斑點

on people s skin, especially

在人們的皮膚上，特別是

on pale skin.

在蒼白的皮膚上。

As it turned out the AI programme

事實證明，人工智能方案

was better than human doctors at

比人類醫生更擅長

telling whether a freckle was

判斷一個雀斑是否是

harmless or cancerous - connected

無害或致癌 - 連接

to some type of cancer.

到某種類型的癌症。

So, it seems that artificial intelligence

是以，似乎人工智能

is already replacing humans when

已經取代了人類，當

it comes to detecting cancer -

它涉及到檢測癌症 -

and doing a better job of it.

並把它做得更好。

But Daniel Susskind isn't convinced.

但丹尼爾-蘇斯金德並不相信。

One reason is that AI systems still

一個原因是，人工智能系統仍然

need humans to programme them -

需要人類對其進行編程 --

and as it turns out, knowing

而事實證明，知道

exactly how doctors detect

醫生到底是如何檢測的

illness remains something

疾病仍然是一些

of a mystery.

的一個謎團。

Here's Daniel Susskind again in

這裡是丹尼爾-蘇斯金德再次在

conversation with BBC World

與BBC世界的對話

Service programme, The Big Idea:

服務方案，大概念。

If you ask a doctor how it is they

如果你問醫生是怎麼一回事，他們

make a diagnosis, they might be

做出診斷，他們可能是

able to point you to particularly

可以給你指出特別是

revealing parts of a reference book

揭示參考書的部分內容

or give you a few rules of thumb,

或給你一些經驗法則。

but ultimately they'd struggle

但最終他們會掙扎

they'd say again it requires things

他們會再次說，它需要的東西

like creativity and judgment, and these

如創造力和判斷力，而這些

things are very difficult to articulate -

事情是很難表達的

and so traditionally it's been thought

是以，傳統上人們認為

very hard to automate - if a human

很難實現自動化 - 如果一個人

being can't explain how they do

無法解釋他們是如何做到的

these special things, where on

這些特殊的東西，在

earth do we begin in writing

塵世中，我們開始寫作

instructions for a machine to follow?

機器要遵循的指令？

Most doctors find it difficult to

大多數醫生認為很難

explain how they make a diagnosis -

解釋他們是如何進行診斷的

their judgement about what

他們對什麼的判斷

someone's particular sickness is,

某人的特殊病症是。

made by examining them.

通過對它們進行檢查而作出的。

Diagnosing someone's illness is

診斷某人的疾病是

complicated but there are

複雜，但也有

some rules of thumb. A rule of

一些經驗法則。一個規則是

thumb is a practical but

拇指是一個實用但

approximate way of doing something.

做事的近似方式。

For example, when cooking, a good

例如，在烹飪時，一個好的

rule of thumb is two portions of

經驗法則是兩部分的

water to one portion of rice.

將水加入一份大米中。

Exactly. And because identifying

正是如此。而且因為識別

sickness is so difficult, Daniel

患病是如此困難，丹尼爾

says 'where on earth do we begin

說："我們究竟該從哪裡開始

writing instructions for a machine?'

'為機器寫指令？

We use phrases like where,

我們使用的短語是 "哪裡"。

how or what on earth to

到底要怎麼做

show feelings like anger,

表現出憤怒等情緒。

surprise or disbelief.

驚訝或不相信。

I might show surprise by asking

我可能會通過詢問來表示驚訝

Sam, how on earth did you

山姆，你到底是如何

know the answer to that?

知道這個問題的答案嗎？

Ha ha! I guess you're talking

哈哈!我猜你在說

about your quiz question, Neil?

關於你的問答問題，尼爾？

And you needn't be so

你也不必如此

surprised - I'm naturally brainy!

驚訝--我天生腦子好使!

Of course you are. In my quiz

當然，你是。在我的測驗中

question I asked Sam how

我問山姆如何

much skin there is on

有多少皮膚在

an adult human body.

一個成年人的身體。

And I said it was

而我說這是

a) 2 square metres.

a) 2平方米。

Which was the correct answer!

這就是正確的答案!

With your brains I think you'd

以你的聰明才智，我想你會

make a good doctor, Sam, and I'm

是個好醫生，薩姆，而我是

sure you'd have a good

確信你會有一個良好的

bedside manner too.

床上禮儀也是如此。

You mean, the kind and caring

你的意思是，善良和關心的

way that doctors and nurses

醫生和護士的方式

treat their patients. OK, let's

治療他們的病人。好吧，讓我們

recap the rest of the vocabulary,

回顧一下其餘的詞彙。

starting with freckle - a small brown

從雀斑開始--一個小棕色

spot on someone's skin.

在某人的皮膚上的斑點。

Freckles are usually harmless, but

雀斑通常是無害的，但

some skin spots can be cancerous -

一些皮膚斑點可能是癌症 -

connected to cancer.

與癌症有關。

A doctor's diagnosis is their

醫生的診斷是他們

judgement about what someone's

判斷某人的

particular sickness or disease is.

特定的病症或疾病是。

A rule of thumb is a useful but

經驗法則是一個有用的但

approximate way of doing or

近似的做事方式或

measuring something.

測量一些東西。

And finally, we use phrases like

最後，我們使用這樣的短語

where on earth..? as a way to

在地球上哪裡......？ 作為一種方式

show emotions like anger,

表現出憤怒等情緒。

surprise or disbelief.

驚訝或不相信。

That's all for this programme

本節目到此結束

but join us for the next edition of

但請參加我們下一期的

6 Minute English when we'll

6分鐘英語時，我們會

discuss another trending topic

討論另一個熱門話題

and the related vocabulary.

和相關詞彙。

Why on earth would you

你到底為什麼要

miss it? Goodbye for now!

錯過了嗎？暫時告別!

Goodbye!

再見!