I'm Catherine. This is News Review from BBC Learning English

我是凱瑟琳。這是BBC學習英語的新聞評論

and today, joining me is Roy. Hello Roy.

而今天，加入我的是羅伊。你好，羅伊。

Hello Catherine and hello everyone. If you would like to take a quiz

凱瑟琳你好，大家好。如果你想參加一個測驗

on the vocabulary around this story, head to our website

關於這個故事周圍的詞彙，請訪問我們的網站

bbclearningenglish.com to take a quiz.

bbclearningenglish.com來進行測驗。

Now, let's hear more about this story from this BBC News report:

現在，讓我們從這篇BBC新聞報道中聽到更多關於這個故事的資訊。

The Taliban have retaken the Afghan capital of Kabul,

塔利班已經重新佔領了阿富汗首都喀布爾。

twenty years after they were removed.

在它們被移走的20年後。

The President has left the country and people are trying to evacuate.

總統已經離開該國，人們正試圖撤離。

Thank you, Roy. And you've been looking

謝謝你，羅伊。而你一直在尋找

at the headlines around this story.

在圍繞這個故事的頭條新聞中。

You have three words and expressions for us today, don't you?

你今天有三個詞和表達方式給我們，對嗎？

What are they?

它們是什麼？

We have: 'brace', 'engulfs' and 'sweep'.

我們有。'支撐'、'吞噬'和'掃蕩'。

'Brace', 'engulfs' and 'sweep'. So, your first headline please.

'支撐'、'吞噬'和'掃蕩'。所以，你的第一個標題，請。

Yes, my first headline comes from the UK,

是的，我的第一個頭條新聞來自英國。

from the Financial Times, and it reads:

來自《金融時報》的報道，內容如下。

'Brace' – prepare for something difficult.

支撐'--為困難的事情做準備。

Now Roy, what can you tell us about 'brace'?

現在，羅伊，你能告訴我們關於 "支架 "的情況嗎？

Right. OK. So, this word is spelt: B-R-A-C-E.

對。好的。所以，這個詞的拼寫是：B-R-A-C-E。

Now, Catherine, when you heard about

現在，凱瑟琳，當你聽到關於

the UK having a third lockdown, how did you feel?

英國發生第三次封鎖，你有什麼感覺？

Urgh... well, you know, I thought, 'Here we go again...

呃......嗯，你知道，我想，'我們又來了......'。

another lockdown. Oh, it's going to be difficult.

又一次封鎖了。哦，這將是困難的。

I'm going to have to get myself mentally prepared.'

我必須讓自己做好心理準備'。

So, I had a little talk with myself, I bought some extra chocolates,

所以，我和自己談了一下，我多買了一些巧克力。

and, sort of, nice jogging trousers and I got ready to stay at home.

和，有點，漂亮的慢跑褲，我準備呆在家裡。

So, I got myself – mentally, I made myself feel really strong

所以，我讓自己--在精神上，我讓自己感覺非常強大

and decided I'm going to power through this lockdown.

並決定我將通過這次封鎖的力量。

So, I had to really strengthen myself mentally.

是以，我必須在心理上真正加強自己。

So... Exactly. So, you 'braced' yourself mentally:

所以......正是如此。所以，你在心理上'支撐'了自己。

you prepared yourself for an unpleasant or difficult situation.

你為一個不愉快或困難的情況做好了準備。

And notice there as well – I said, 'Brace yourself.'

也注意到那裡--我說，'振作起來'。

We commonly use it with words like 'brace myself', 'brace himself',

我們通常將其與 "支撐住自己"、"支撐住自己 "等詞一起使用。

'brace themselves' to talk about preparing for that negative situation.

撐住自己'，談論為這種負面情況做準備。

So... so, is it only about mental preparation.

那麼......那麼，是不是隻有心理準備。

It's just about, kind of, your... your own self and feelings.

這只是關於，一種，你的......你自己的自我和感受。

No... no. It can also be used about 'bracing' yourself for a negative...

不......不。它也可以用於 "支撐 "自己的負面...

'bracing' your body for... For example, if you go on a plane,

為你的身體做 "支撐"...例如，如果你去坐飛機。

they quite commonly read those instructions where they say,

他們很常讀到那些說明中說的。

'In the event of an accident,

'在發生事故的情況下。

please – you know, you put your hands behind your head, I think –

請 - 你知道，你把你的手放在你的頭後面，我想 -

and you 'brace' yourself for impact, or 'brace for impact'.

和你'支撐'自己的衝擊，或'支撐衝擊'。

Yeah... OK. And what about – is it only for people?

是的...好的。那麼--它只針對人嗎？

Can you brace things?

你能撐起東西嗎？

Yeah, yeah. It's a little bit different;

是的，是的。這有一點不同。

for example, if you have a weakened wall in your house –

例如，如果你的房子裡有一堵被削弱的牆 --

maybe you're having some renovations and you notice that

也許你正在進行一些裝修，你發現

a wall is weak or some posts in the garden – maybe want to 'brace' that.

一堵牆很薄弱，或者花園裡的一些柱子--也許想 "支撐 "一下。

You want to support that. So, we use maybe a piece of wood

你想支持這個。是以，我們也許用一塊木頭

or metal to reinforce the structure to support it and 'brace' it.

或金屬來加強結構，以支持它和'支撐'它。

OK. And what about 'braces' on people's teeth?

好的。那麼人們牙齒上的'牙套'呢？

I've heard them using that expression.

我聽他們用過這種說法。

Yeah, slightly different. It's those metal things that we put on our teeth

是的，略有不同。是那些我們放在牙齒上的金屬東西

and it's used to support and correct their positions.

並用來支持和糾正他們的立場。

Thank you. Let's get a summary of that please:

謝謝你。請讓我們來總結一下。

So, talking about difficult situations that we need to 'brace' for,

是以，談及我們需要 "支撐 "的困難情況。

we have a programme about the climate emergency, don't we, Roy?

我們有一個關於氣候緊急情況的節目，不是嗎，羅伊？

Where can we find that?

我們在哪裡可以找到這個？

All you need to do is click the link beneath.

你所需要做的就是點擊下面的鏈接。

And your second headline please.

還有你的第二個標題，請。

Yes. My second headline comes from Reuters and it reads:

是的。我的第二個標題來自路透社，內容如下。

'Engulfs' – affects powerfully; overwhelms.

吞沒"--強烈地影響；壓倒。

Yes. So, 'engulfs' is spelt: E-N-G-U-L-F-S.

是的，所以，"engulfs "的拼法是：E-N-G-U-L-F-S。

And it basically means that a place

而這基本上意味著，一個地方

or a person has been almost overwhelmed by a negative situation.

或一個人幾乎被一個負面的情況所淹沒。

So, in the state of the headline – in the case of the headline –

是以，在頭條的狀態下--在頭條的情況下--

it's saying that chaos has 'engulfed' the airport,

它說，混亂已經 "吞噬 "了機場。

which means there's people running around shouting,

這意味著有很多人跑來跑去地喊叫。

nobody knows what's happening, no one knows who's in charge

沒有人知道發生了什麼，沒有人知道誰在負責。

and there's a lot of panic.

而且有很多恐慌。

And it's happening everywhere, isn't it? It's just...

而且這種情況到處都在發生，不是嗎？這只是...

it's not in, like, little... little parts of the airport.

它不在，像，小... 機場的小部分。

The idea of 'engulfs' means it's absolutely everywhere.

吞噬 "的概念意味著它絕對無處不在。

All over the airport. And if a person...

在機場的所有地方。而如果一個人...

it's – quite commonly we use it in the passive as well.

它是--相當普遍的，我們也在被動中使用它。

'He was engulfed', or 'they were engulfed',

'他被吞沒了'，或者'他們被吞沒了'。

or 'the area was engulfed'.

或 "該地區被吞沒"。

And do we say – what prepositions are we using then, with the passive?

我們是否說--那麼我們用什麼介詞，用被動的？

We commonly use it with 'in' or 'by'.

我們通常與'in'或'by'一起使用。

So, you can be 'engulfed by' an emotion

所以，你可以被一種情緒所 "吞噬"。

or you can be 'engulfed in' something.

或者你可以被 "吞噬 "在某些東西中。

So, that's interesting; you're now talking about emotions rather than actions.

所以，這很有趣；你現在談論的是情感而不是行動。

The airport example was about, kind of, the physical situation,

機場的例子是關於，某種程度上，物理情況。

but you can also be 'engulfed' in or by an emotion, you're saying?

但你也可以被一種情感所 "吞噬"，你是說？

Yeah. You can be 'engulfed' by fear. So, for example,

是的。你可以被恐懼所 "吞噬"。是以，舉例來說。

if something is too overwhelmingly frightening,

如果某件事情太過嚇人。

you can be just 'engulfed' by fear.

你可能只是被恐懼'吞噬'了。

So, that would mean, you know, you can't move,

是以，這將意味著，你知道，你不能移動。

you can't talk to anybody, you're completely panicked,

你不能和任何人說話，你完全驚慌失措。

you can't think properly...

你不能正確思考...

Absolutley. ...because the fear is so strong

絕對的。...因為恐懼是如此強烈

and it's really taking over your entire person.

而且它真的佔據了你的整個人。

Absolutely. But it's not the only case that we use 'engulf'.

絕對是這樣。但這並不是我們使用'吞噬'的唯一情況。

There is another meaning of 'engulf', which has this same idea

吞噬 "還有一個意思，也是這個意思

of being surrounded, or by... covered by something negative.

被包圍，或被......被負面的東西所覆蓋。

For example, a building could be 'engulfed' in flames

例如，一座建築可能被火焰 "吞噬"。

when it is completely on fire,

當它完全著火時。

or an area or a country could be 'engulfed' by a snowstorm.

或一個地區或一個國家可能被暴風雪 "吞噬"。

We've just been talking about Greece. You know, isn't it –

我們剛才一直在談論希臘。你知道，不是嗎--

large parts of Greece are 'engulfed' in wildfires, right now.

希臘的大部分地區現在被野火 "吞噬 "了。

Yes, absolutely.

是的，當然。

Thank you very much. Let's get a summary:

非常感謝你。讓我們來做個總結。

Yes. And talking of places being 'engulfed' in flames,

是的。而說到地方被'吞噬'在火焰中。

we did cover the Notre Dame story, when Notre Dame Cathedral in France

我們確實報道了聖母院的故事，當時法國的聖母院大教堂

was 'engulfed' in flames. Roy, where can we find the video for that?

被 "吞噬 "在火焰中。羅伊，我們在哪裡可以找到這方面的視頻？

All you need to do is click the link below.

你所需要做的就是點擊下面的鏈接。

And now, let's have a look at our next headline.

現在，讓我們來看看我們的下一個標題。

Our next headline comes from Associated Press News and it reads:

我們的下一個標題來自美聯社新聞，其內容如下。

'Sweep' – move powerfully and quickly.

'掃'--有力而快速地移動。

Yes. So, this word is spelt: S-W-E-E-P.

是的，所以，這個詞的拼寫是：。S-W-E-E-P。

Now, when you clean your house, Catherine –

現在，當你打掃你的房子時，凱瑟琳 --

now, I think this word is quite commonly used when talking about cleaning

現在，我認為這個詞在談論清潔時是很常用的。

– how do you clean your house?

- 如何清潔你的房子？

Well, what I usually do is use a vacuum cleaner, but for the purposes

嗯，我通常做的是使用吸塵器，但為了

of this programme, I'm going to tell you that I get a very...

的這個節目，我要告訴你，我得到一個非常...

a small hand brush and I get down onto the floor

一把小手刷，我趴在地上

and I move that brush slowly and very carefully around the floor,

我慢慢地、非常小心地在地板上移動那把刷子。

and I gather every tiny little piece of dust and dirt from the floor.

我從地板上收集每一個微小的灰塵和汙垢。

So, I 'sweep' my floor with a brush.

是以，我用刷子 "掃 "我的地板。

Perfect. Now, obviously in the headline we're not talking

完美。現在，顯然在標題中我們不是在談論

about cleaning an airport, or cleaning an area,

關於清潔機場，或清潔一個地區。

but in this sense it is a similar idea with that big movement.

但在這個意義上，它與那場大運動是一個類似的想法。

And we usually talk about 'sweep' when a group of people

而我們通常會在一群人中談論'掃蕩'。

are moving into an area covering everything and...

正在進入一個涵蓋一切和...

Yeah, it's covering... they're not missing anything, are they?

是的，它覆蓋了......他們沒有錯過任何東西，是嗎？

No. They're getting absolutely everything

不，他們得到了絕對的一切

and nothing... nothing escapes a 'sweep', does it?

沒有什麼......沒有什麼能逃脫 "掃蕩"，不是嗎？

Absolutely. And also, for example, it's not just about a group of people

當然可以。還有，比如說，這不僅僅是關於一群人的問題

– maybe a government 'sweeps' into power,

- 也許一個政府 "掃蕩 "上臺。

which is a similar idea with talking about the Taliban here:

這與在這裡談論塔利班是一個類似的想法。

they are sweeping into power.

他們正在掃蕩權力。

And that kind of means with, you know...

而這意味著，你知道...

nothing can stop them, isn't it? Yeah.

沒有什麼能阻止他們，不是嗎？是的。

It's the idea that it's complete, you know – this takeover of power.

這是一個完全的想法，你知道--這種對權力的接管。

It's a large, quick and powerful movement.

這是一個大型、快速和強大的運動。

Another way that we can use 'sweep'

我們可以使用'掃蕩'的另一種方式

is actually for a trend or something like this.

實際上是為了一個趨勢或類似的東西。

So, for example, a new fashion style that everybody starts doing –

是以，例如，一個新的時尚風格，每個人都開始做 --

we can actually say it 'sweeps the nation'.

我們實際上可以說它'橫掃全國'。

Strong collocation there, isn't it? That phrase to 'sweep the nation'...

強烈的搭配，不是嗎？這句話是為了'掃蕩全國'......

we use that a lot, don't we, in British English?

我們經常使用這個詞，不是嗎，在英國英語中？

We do... we do. 'Sweep'...

我們做......我們做。'掃一掃'...

to say that everybody's doing it or it's very, very popular.

說每個人都在這樣做，或者說它非常非常流行。

Thank you very much. And let's see a summary:

非常感謝你。讓我們看看總結。

Now Roy, can you recap today's vocabulary?

現在，羅伊，你能回顧一下今天的詞彙嗎？

Of course. We had 'brace' – prepare for something difficult.

當然了。我們有 "支撐"--為困難的事情做準備。

'Engulfs' – affects powerfully; overwhelms.

吞沒"--強烈地影響；壓倒。

And we had 'sweep' – move powerfully and quickly.

而且我們有 "掃蕩"--有力而迅速地移動。

Thank you Roy. Now, don't forget that you can test yourself

謝謝你，羅伊。現在，別忘了，你可以測試自己

on the vocabulary for today's show on our website bbclearningenglish.com.

在我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com上的今天的節目的詞彙。

We are also all over social media.

我們也遍佈社交媒體。

Thank you for joining us. See you next time.

謝謝你加入我們。下一次見。

Bye.

再見。