Just to let you know, we are offering a new weekly extra episode of 6 Minute English exclusively on our website!

只是為了讓你知道，我們正在提供一個新的每週額外的6分鐘英語集------。 在我們的網站上獨家發佈!

So, go to bbclearingenglish.com to hear Georgina and I discussing how color can affect your mood.

是以，請到 bbclearingenglish.com 去。聽聽喬治娜和我討論顏色如何影響你的情緒。

It's available now. So, see you there! bbclearingenglish.com.

現在已經上架了。那麼，在那裡見吧！bbclearingenglish.com。

Hello. This is 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English.

你好。這裡是 BBC 六分鐘學英語！

I'm Sam.

我是山姆。

And I'm Rob.

而我是羅伯。

Rob, would you describe yourself as a wine connoisseur?

羅伯，你會定義自己是個葡萄酒鑑賞家嗎？

If you mean am I someone who enjoys wine and knows a lot about it, then no - although the enjoy part is true -particularly a nice glass of red.

如果你是意指我是一個嗜酒如命，超級了解葡萄酒的話，那麼沒有，儘管享受的部分是真的，特別是一杯好的紅葡萄酒。

Of course, wine might not be everybody's cup of tea, not something they like, but wine has been an important part of history and language.

當然，葡萄酒可能不會是每個人都喜歡的東西，但一直是一個歷史和語言的重要組成部分。

And even if you don't drink alcohol, wine can be used as a commodity you can invest in and sell at an auction.

而且即使你不喝酒，葡萄酒可以作為一種商品，你可以投資和在拍賣會上銷售 。

And that brings me on to my quiz question, Rob.

這讓我想起了我的問答問題，羅伯。

In 2018, a bottle of wine dating back to 1774 sold at auction in eastern France for a record-breaking price.

在2018年，一瓶葡萄酒在1774年， 在法國東部的拍賣會上以破紀錄的價格售出。

Do you know how much it was sold for? Was it...

你知道它賣掉的價格嗎？是...

a) $20,800

a) $20,800

b) $120,800

b) $120,800

or c) $220,800?

或c）220,800 美元？

I know wine can fetch a high price , but not as high as some of those options, so I'll say a) $20,800.

我知道葡萄酒可以賣到昂貴的價格 ，但不會高到像其中的幾個選項，所以我說 a) 20,800美元。

I'll reveal the answer later on. But let's talk more about wine now.

答案等等再公布。現在讓我們來談談更多關於葡萄酒的資訊。

A glass of the stuff can be sipped and savoured or just glugged.

一杯葡萄酒可以小口喝、細細品嚐或大喝一口。

Glug is a good word, meaning drink in large gulps or mouthfuls, not something a wine expert would do.

Glug 是一個好詞。意思是大口吃或大口喝，絕不是葡萄酒專家會做的事。

For some people, drinking and serving wine is almost an art form.

對於一些人來說，喝酒和飲用葡萄酒是幾乎是一種藝術形式。

If you go to a restaurant, there might be a sommelier, a person whose job is to serve and give advice about wine.

如果你去一家餐館，可能有一個侍酒師，他的工作是服務並提供關於葡萄酒的建議。

They may have had years of training to learn about the different types of wine and the individual flavors or aromas, known as notes.

他們可能已有多年的培訓，以瞭解不同類型的葡萄酒和個人味道或香氣，被稱為品飲紀錄。

This job has fascinated journalist and author Bianca Bosker.

這項工作使一名記者兼作家比安卡 - 波斯克著迷。

She wrote a book called 'Cork Dorks'.

她寫了一本名為 "軟木呆子 "的書。

And here she is talking on the BBC World Service program The Why Factor, describing her fascination with sommeliers

而他現在在英國廣播公司國際頻道節目 "The Why Factor"，講述他對侍酒師的迷戀。

These were people who had taken wine, which I always thought of as a thing of pleasure, something you turn to after a long stressful day, and turned it into something approaching sheer God-awful pain.

他們是天天品酒的人，我原本以為這會是一項樂趣，在一個勞累一天後的緩解之道，但得知後卻知道這是一項完全純粹的痛苦。

They licked rocks, trained their palates, they divorced their spouses to spend more time reviewing flash cards,

他們舔石頭，為了訓練他們的味覺，他們與他們的配偶離婚，為了花更多時間複習字卡。

they had hired voice coaches and memory coaches, they took dance classes to learn how to move more gracefully across the dining room floor.

他們僱用了聲音教練和記憶教練，他們會上舞蹈班，學習如何更優雅的在餐廳行動。

Like me, Bianca thought drinking wine was a pleasurable activity, something that helped her relax after a long stressful day.

像我一樣，比安卡認為飲酒是一種快樂的活動，有所幫助她在經歷了漫長的緊張的一天好好放鬆。

So she was surprised at how sommeliers turned this activity into 'something approaching sheer God-awful pain'.

所以她對於侍酒師變成了這樣 "生不如死的痛苦" 的職業感到相當驚訝。

The word 'sheer' is used to emphasise the amount of something, or to mean 'nothing but'.

使用了 "純粹 " 這個詞以強調一件事的數量程度，或意味著 "僅有唯一"。

She thought the work of a sommelier was nothing but pain, they seemed to dedicate their life to wine!

她以為一個侍酒師的工作除了痛苦什麼也沒有，他們似乎將他們的生命全奉獻給了酒!

One thing a sommelier does is train their palate, this is their ability to distinguish and appreciate different tastes and identify types of good wine from their taste.

侍酒師要訓練他們的味覺，這就是他們的能區分和欣賞不同口味和識別好酒的能力。

I guess this is quite important.

我想這是很重要的。

But divorcing their spouses does seem a bit extreme!

但與他們的配偶離婚聽起來確實有點極端!

I m afraid I wouldn't take it so seriously, I'll stick to drinking poorer quality, cheap red wine - sometimes called plonk!

我不會這麼認真看待這件事，我將堅持飲用品質較差、便宜的紅葡萄酒，又稱 plonk!

WeIl, Rob, cheap wine doesn't always have to be poor quality.

羅伯，廉價葡萄酒並不等於品質差。

Interestingly, there is some evidence that shows we only think wine tastes better because it's more expensive.

有趣的是，有一些證據表明葡萄酒的味道更好因為它較昂貴。

Ah yes, this is research Hilke Plassmann from INSEAD Business School in France spoke about on the BBC World Service's Why Factor program.

啊，是的，這就是來自法國歐洲工商管理學院（INSEAD) 的 Hilke Plassmann 的研究在英國廣播公司國際頻道節目 "Why Factor" 所解說的。

She's been looking into what influences consumer behavior.

她一直在研究什麼影響了消費者行為。

The price tag affects that region in your brain that encodes your liking of the taste, so in other words, you not only think that you like the more expensive wine more, you feel you like the more expensive wine more,

價格標籤影響了你腦中關於味覺的區塊，換句話說，你不會僅僅只是認為自己喜歡昂貴的酒，你會覺得自己真的喜歡更貴的酒，

because your brain region that encodes this feeling is influenced by the price tag.

因為你大腦與此感覺的區塊和價格標籤有所關連。

So, our brain is possibly playing tricks on us.

所以，可能是我們的大腦在耍我們。

When we see the price tag on a bottle of wine, our brain encodes the information and tells us how it should taste.

當我們看到一瓶酒上的價格標籤時，我們的大腦會為這些資訊編碼並告知它應有的滋味。

Encodes means changes the information into something that we can use or understand.

編碼意味著變化將資訊變成某種我們可以使用或理解的。

Drinking more expensive wine makes you think it tastes better.

喝更貴的葡萄酒讓你覺得它味道更好。

So perhaps, when buying a supermarket wine or wine in a restaurant, it may be better telling yourself that the cheaper option is OK!

所以也許，在超市購買葡萄酒或在餐館飲用葡萄酒時，或許告訴自己便宜的選項是可以接受的！

I'll drink to that! But I wonder how that most expensive bottle of wine ever sold at auction tastes?

我會聽進去的！但我很好奇這有史以來在拍賣會賣最貴的酒嘗起來的味道。

The one dating back to 1774 that you asked me about.

那瓶你剛剛問及要追溯到 1774 年的那瓶酒。

So you thought it sold for $20,800, but sorry, Rob, that's too cheap.

所以你認為它賣了20,800美元，但對不起，羅伯，這太便宜了。

It was in fact sold for $120,800.

事實上，它是以 $120,800 賣出。

I assume it wasn't drunk.

我假定它並沒有喝醉。

I hope not. Well, I think I'll stick to my plonk for now, Sam.

我希望不會。好吧，我想我該堅守喝我的便宜紅酒，山姆。

Plonk was one of our vocabulary words today and describes cheap, poor quality wine.

Plonk 是我們的今日詞彙之一，代表便宜、劣質的酒。

We also mentioned a connoisseur, someone who enjoys a particular thing and knows a lot about it.

我們還提到了鑑定家這個詞，一個享受特定事物且相當了解的人。

A sommelier is someone who serves and gives advice about wine in a restaurant.

侍酒師是一個在餐廳端酒且對酒給建議的人。

Sheer is a word used to emphasize the amount of something, or to mean 'nothing but'.

純粹是一個用來強調數量的詞，或意味純粹、僅有唯一。

A palate describes someone's ability to distinguish and appreciate different tastes.

品酒評估代表某人能夠區分且欣賞不同口味的酒的能力。

Finally, encodes means changes information into something we can use or understand.

最後，編碼是指將資訊變更成我們的可以使用或理解的東西。

But now we're out of time so 'cheers' everyone.

但現在我們時間差不多了，所以和大家 "乾杯" 。

Thanks for listening and goodbye.

謝謝你的聆聽，大家再見！

Goodbye.

再見。