on journalists and activists, according to a new investigation.

根據一項新的調查，對記者和活動家進行了調查。

This is News Review from BBC Learning English.

這是BBC學習英語的新聞評論。

I'm Neil and joining me today is Roy. Hi Roy.

我是尼爾，今天加入我的是羅伊。嗨，羅伊。

Hello Neil and hello everybody.

尼爾你好，大家好。

Yeah, if our wonderful viewers want to test themselves on the vocabulary

是的，如果我們優秀的觀眾想要測試自己的詞彙量

around this story, all they need to do is head to our website

圍繞這個故事，他們所需要做的就是前往我們的網站

bbclearningenglish.com for a quiz.

bbclearningenglish.com進行測驗。

But now, let's listen to a BBC News report about this story:

但現在，讓我們聽聽BBC新聞關於這個故事的報道。

So, the story is a military-grade piece of spyware known as Pegasus,

是以，這個故事是一個被稱為Pegasus的軍事級間諜軟件。

which was designed to monitor the

它的目的是監測

activities of terrorists and criminals around the world,

世界各地的恐怖分子和犯罪分子的活動。

is now apparently being used to spy on journalists and activists.

現在顯然被用來監視記者和活動家。

That is according to some investigative journalism.

這是一些調查性新聞報道的結果。

You've been scanning the world's media for this story,

你一直在掃描世界上的媒體，尋找這個故事。

haven't you Roy? You've picked out three really useful words.

是嗎，羅伊？你已經挑出了三個真正有用的詞。

What have you got?

你有什麼？

Yes. We have: 'targets', 'hack' and 'rogue'.

是的。我們有。'目標'、'黑客'和'流氓'。

'Targets', 'hack' and 'rogue'.

'目標'、'黑客'和'流氓'。

So, let's have a look at your first headline please.

那麼，請讓我們看看你的第一個標題。

Our first headline comes from right here,

我們的第一個頭條新聞來自這裡。

back at home, from the BBC and it reads:

回到家裡，從英國廣播公司（BBC）傳來的消息，內容如下。

'Targets' – chooses something to attack or pay attention to.

'目標'--選擇要攻擊或注意的東西。

Yeah. So, this word is spelt T-A-R-G-E-T-S

是的。所以，這個詞的拼寫是T-A-R-G-E-T-S

and it's being used as a verb in the headline.

並在標題中作為動詞使用。

Yeah. So, 'targets' – I know what 'targets' are. There's that game

是的。所以，"目標" - 我知道 "目標 "是什麼。有那個遊戲

where you throw little arrows towards a board that is a 'target'.

在這裡，你向一塊作為 "目標 "的板子投擲小箭。

What's the connection between this and this story.

這和這個故事之間有什麼聯繫。

Well, that game is called darts and I am absolutely terrible at it.

好吧，這個遊戲叫做飛鏢，而我的技術絕對糟糕。

I get this little dart and I try and throw it at the 'target'; I try and

我得到這個小飛鏢，我試著把它扔向 "目標"；我試著

hit the 'target'. That, in that case, is a noun – 'target' there.

擊中'目標'。在這種情況下，那是一個名詞--'目標'在那裡。

I'm terrible at it: I always hit the wall, people need to duck.

我在這方面很糟糕。我總是撞牆，人們需要躲避。

But the idea there is I'm trying to hit the 'target' – hit the board

但我的想法是，我試圖擊中 "目標"--擊中董事會。

– and in the verb form, we say that 'we are targeting something':

- 而在動詞形式中，我們說'我們的目標是什麼'。

trying to hit it or we're paying attention to it.

試圖擊中它，或者我們正在關注它。

OK. So, that's a very literal definition we just gave there,

好的。所以，這是我們剛才給出的一個非常直白的定義。

with somebody actually physically throwing something at a object

有人實際向一個物體投擲東西

called a 'target', but we use it more figuratively, don't we?

稱為 "目標"，但我們更多的是用它來比喻，不是嗎？

We do. So, as I said, when you want to pay attention to something,

我們會的。是以，正如我所說的，當你想關注某件事情時。

to monitor something, you can 'target' someone or

監視什麼，你可以 "瞄準 "某人或

something and that's what it's being used as in the headline.

這就是它在標題中被用作的內容。

They're not trying to literally hit the journalists or activists,

他們並不是想從字面上打擊記者或活動家。

but they are paying attention to them.

但他們正在關注他們。

They have selected them as their focus, if you like.

如果你願意的話，他們已經選擇了這些人作為他們的焦點。

Yeah. Now, this is a word that we see often in connection to advertising.

是的。現在，這是一個我們經常看到的與廣告有關的詞。

We do. We do. So, quite commonly adverts will identify

我們做的。我們是這樣做的。是以，相當普遍的廣告將確定

a 'target market'. So, quite commonly we see these adverts for toys,

一個 "目標市場"。是以，我們經常看到這些玩具的廣告。

which target children: you know, they're very vibrant, there's a happy

針對兒童：你知道，他們非常有活力，有一個快樂的

child playing with the toy, and they're used to 'target' children,

玩玩具的孩子，他們被用來 "瞄準 "兒童。

or to 'target' the parents to give them an idea of what to buy.

或 "針對 "父母，讓他們知道該買什麼。

So, it's... there's a lot of, kind of, psychology behind it.

所以，這是......這背後有很多，有點，心理學。

People are selecting a 'target' audience or market, thinking

人們在選擇一個 "目標 "閱聽人或市場時，認為

about what people want to see and when they will be watching it.

關於人們想看什麼，以及他們將在什麼時候看。

Yes, also a word used often in the media: a 'target audience'.

是的，也是媒體中經常使用的一個詞："目標閱聽人"。

We have a 'target audience', don't we Roy?

我們有一個 "目標閱聽人"，不是嗎，羅伊？

We do, yeah. We want to... our 'target audience' are

我們有，是的。我們想......我們的 "目標閱聽人 "是

people around the world who want to learn English.

世界各地想要學習英語的人。

We also see this word used a lot in the world of business, don't we Roy?

我們在商業領域也經常看到這個詞的使用，不是嗎羅伊？

We do. And it's quite commonly used as a noun or a verb as well.

我們有。而且它也很常被用作名詞或動詞。

And it's when they have an objective, if you like.

而且是在他們有一個目標的時候，如果你喜歡的話。

So, a business may 'target an increase in profits' or 'the business

是以，一個企業可能 "以增加利潤為目標 "或 "企業

target is to increase their profits'.

目標是增加他們的利潤'。

Absolutely. OK. Let's get a summary:

絕對的。好的。讓我們來總結一下。

Now, talking about 'targets', we have a 'target' that the UK government

現在，談及 "目標"，我們有一個 "目標"，英國政府

had to reduce obesity. Where can our viewers find that story?

曾為減少肥胖症。我們的觀眾在哪裡可以找到這個故事？

All our wonderful viewers need to do is click the link in the description.

我們優秀的觀眾只需要點擊描述中的鏈接。

Time now for your next headline, please.

現在是你下一個標題的時間，請。

Yes, our second headline comes from CNN and it reads:

是的，我們的第二個標題來自CNN，內容如下。

'Hack' – get unauthorised access into a system or computer.

黑客"--未經授權進入一個系統或計算機。

Yes. So, this is a very, very small word and it's spelt: H-A-C-K.

是的，所以，這是一個非常非常小的詞，它的拼寫是：H-A-C-K。H-A-C-K。

Now Neil, are you scared of – like, you see these stories

現在，尼爾，你是否害怕--比如，你看到這些故事

all the time in the media about people who get access to your

媒體一直在報道那些能夠接觸到你的人的情況。

computer and steal your information – are you scared about this?

電腦並竊取你的資訊 - 你對此感到害怕嗎？

Yes, I don't want to have my computer 'hacked'

是的，我不想讓我的電腦被 "黑"。

or any sort of virus installed on it.

或在上面安裝任何種類的病毒。

So, we use things like internet security and anti-virus and it's

是以，我們使用互聯網安全和防病毒等東西，這是

good that you're aware of that. So,

很好，你意識到了這一點。那麼。

that's to prevent people or things 'hacking' our computer: stealing

這是為了防止人們或事物 "入侵 "我們的計算機：偷竊。

information like credit card details and other sensitive information.

資訊，如信用卡細節和其他敏感資訊。

And this is the meaning in the headline. People are 'hacking',

而這就是標題中的意思。人們正在 "黑客"。

or somebody 'hacks', somebody's phone to get sensitive information.

或有人 "黑 "了某人的電話，以獲取敏感資訊。

Yeah, and you've used the word in several different forms there,

是的，而且你在那裡以幾種不同的形式使用了這個詞。

as a verb like in the headline – 'to hack' – and we also talk about

作為動詞，如標題中的 "黑客"，我們還談到了

the person who does it – a 'hacker' – and the activity – 'hacking'.

做這件事的人是 "黑客"，而這項活動是 "黑客"。

All of these very negative things, but the word 'hack',

所有這些非常負面的東西，但 "黑客 "這個詞。

I'm pleased to say, can be used positively,

我很高興地說，可以積極地使用。

especially in combination with the word 'life'.

特別是與 "生命 "一詞結合在一起。

Absolutely. So, what are my favourite 'life hacks' is if somebody's fridge

絕對是。是以，我最喜歡的 "生活小竅門 "是，如果有人的電冰箱

is smelling, I put coffee grounds in a bowl and put it into the fridge,

我把咖啡渣放在一個碗裡，然後把它放進冰箱裡。

and it is a natural deodoriser – it removes the smell.

而且它是一種天然的除臭劑--可以去除氣味。

This is what we call a 'life hack':

這就是我們所說的 "生活黑客"。

a tip or a trick to make your life a little bit easier.

一個小竅門或技巧，使你的生活更容易一些。

Yeah. Doesn't it just make your fridge smell like coffee?

是的。這不就是讓你的冰箱聞起來像咖啡嗎？

I love coffee and I don't know if it actually works,

我喜歡咖啡，我不知道它是否真的有效。

but it seems to work so I'm a winner.

但它似乎很有效，所以我是個贏家。

OK. So, a perfect example of a 'life hack', and that's a really

好的。是以，一個完美的 "生活黑客 "的例子，這是一個真正的

positive use of the word 'hack', which is normally really negative.

積極地使用 "黑客 "一詞，這通常是非常消極的。

Now, to look at another meaning of the word 'hack' – Roy, you were in

現在，來看看 "黑客 "一詞的另一個含義--羅伊，你在

your garden, having a really bad time this weekend, weren't you?

你的花園，這個週末過得非常糟糕，不是嗎？

Oh yeah, it was... it was terrible.

哦，是的，它是......它是可怕的。

I hadn't cut my grass for a few weeks and it was so high!

我已經有幾個星期沒有剪草了，它是如此之高！"。

It was so high and I had to get a big, long knife and really 'hack' at it:

它是如此之高，我不得不拿一把又大又長的刀，真的'砍'它。

cut imprecise cuts just like... over and over again,

削減不精確的切割，就像......一遍又一遍。

'hacking' at the grass and 'hacking' at the plants to cut them down. And

'砍'著草，'砍'著植物，把它們砍下來。而且

that is another meaning of the word 'hack' and it's a verb in that case.

這是 "黑客 "一詞的另一個含義，在這種情況下它是一個動詞。

Absolutely. OK. Let's get a summary:

絕對的。好的。讓我們來總結一下。

Well, we're looking at the word 'hack' and the word

好吧，我們正在看'黑客'這個詞和這個詞

'hack' appears in the name of one of our series: Lingohack.

hack "出現在我們一個系列的名稱中。Lingohack。

We've got a great story about the Loch Ness Monster, haven't we Roy?

我們有一個關於尼斯湖水怪的偉大故事，不是嗎，羅伊？

We do. And all our wonderful viewers need to do is click

我們有。而我們優秀的觀眾所需要做的就是點擊

the link in the description below.

下面描述中的鏈接。

OK. Let's have a look at your next headline.

好的。讓我們看一下你的下一個標題。

So, our next headline comes from Mail Online and it reads:

是以，我們的下一個標題來自Mail Online，其內容如下。

'Rogue' – describes behaviour that's unexpected or damaging.

流氓"--描述出乎意料或具有破壞性的行為。

Yeah. So, in this headline it's being used as an adjective

是的。是以，在這個標題中，它被用作一個形容詞

and it is spelt: R-O-G-U-E.

並且它的拼寫是：R-O-G-U-E。

Now, you know that I love animals, right Neil?

現在，你知道我喜歡動物，對嗎，尼爾？

Absolutely, yes. You love your dog, amongst other animals.

當然，是的。你愛你的狗，還有其他動物。

I do. And quite commonly you see animals in the wild in a group,

我知道。而在野外，你很常見到動物們成群結隊。

sometimes referred to as a herd, and this is a normal way that

有時被稱為 "群"，這是一種正常的方式，即

animals will travel, but occasionally an animal will split off:

動物會旅行，但偶爾也會有動物分裂出來。

one animal was separate from the herd and go into a town and village and

一頭動物從畜群中分離出來，進入一個城鎮和村莊，並

cause damage and disruption and we call this animal a 'rogue animal'.

造成損害和破壞，我們稱這種動物為 "流氓動物"。

Right. OK. Not used only to describe animals, is it?

對。好的。不是隻用來描述動物，是嗎？

I've seen this word as an adjective used to describe countries or states.

我見過這個詞作為形容詞用來描述國家或州。

Yeah. Quite commonly you hear of a 'rogue country' or a 'rogue state'

是的。你經常聽到一個 "無賴國家 "或 "無賴國家 "的說法。

and it refers to a country that's not behaving in an expected way,

而它指的是一個國家沒有以預期的方式行事。

potentially that is dangerous or damaging to other

潛在的危險或損害他人的行為。

countries around the world.

世界各地的國家。

Yeah. And you see this word applied very often to North Korea, for example.

是的。而且你看到這個詞經常被用於北韓，例如。

You do, especially when there's things

你會的，特別是當有事情發生時

like missile tests and things like that.

像飛彈試驗和類似的事情。

So, we've got... we've got animals,

所以，我們有......我們有動物。

we've got states; can you use this to talk about people?

我們已經有了州；你能用這個來談論人嗎？

Absolutely. You can say that a person, who's

絕對是這樣。你可以說，一個人，他的

maybe behaving again in an unexpected or dangerous way, is a 'rogue'.

也許又以出乎意料或危險的方式行事，是一個'流氓'。

Now, notice there that I used it as a noun.

現在，請注意，我把它作為一個名詞使用。

We don't say a 'rogue person'; usually we say a 'rogue'. It's...

我們不說 "流氓"，通常我們說 "流氓"。它是...

Yeah. It's quite old fashioned though, isn't it?

是的，但這是相當老式的，不是嗎？

It is. It's not as common now as it was.

它是。現在已經不像以前那樣普遍了。

You'll quite commonly see it in literature: older books, something

你會在文學作品中很常見到：老書，一些

maybe by Oscar Wilde, or something like that. A person is a 'rogue'.

也許是奧斯卡-王爾德的作品，或者類似的東西。一個人是一個'流氓'。

Yeah. OK. But we can also use it to talk about someone in a positive way.

是的。好的。但我們也可以用它來以積極的方式談論某人。

So, we've said that they were a bit unexpected or do, sort of,

是以，我們已經說過，他們有點出乎意料，或者說是做，有點。

bad things but we can... they can be a lovable person: a 'loveable rogue'.

壞事，但我們可以......他們可以成為一個可愛的人：一個 "可愛的流氓"。

A 'loveable rogue', yeah. So, this is maybe a person that you know,

一個 "可愛的流氓"，是的。所以，這也許是一個你認識的人。

maybe a friend who's very charming and you absolutely love him, but

也許是一個非常有魅力的朋友，你絕對愛他，但

he's a bit cheeky and he does things that maybe are a bit unexpected.

他有點厚臉皮，他做的事情可能有點出乎意料。

Yeah. You don't want to trust this person.

是的。你不想相信這個人。

No.

沒有。

OK. One final thing to say about the word 'rogue' –

好的。關於 "流氓 "這個詞，最後要說的是--

we saw the spelling there with the '-ue' at the end.

我們看到那裡的拼寫有'-ue'在最後。

We don't pronounce that. We just end with that 'guh' sound: 'rogue'.

我們不發這個音。我們只是以那個'guh'音結束：'流氓'。

Yeah, it's not 'ro-gyu'...

是的，這不是'ro-gyu'...

No, it's not 'ro-gwa'. No, it's...  

不，這不是 "ro-gwa"。不，它是...

It's just 'rogue'. OK. Let's get a summary:

這只是'流氓'。好吧。讓我們來總結一下。

Time now then, Roy, for a recap of our vocabulary please.

那麼現在是時候了，羅伊，請你回顧一下我們的詞彙。

We had 'targets' – chooses something to attack or pay attention to.

我們有 "目標"--選擇要攻擊或注意的東西。

We had 'hack' – gets unauthorised access into a system or computer.

我們有 "黑客"--未經授權進入一個系統或計算機。

And we had 'rogue' – describes behaviour that is unexpected or damaging.

我們還有 "流氓"--描述出乎意料的或破壞性的行為。

If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary, there's a quiz on our

如果你想測試自己的詞彙量，在我們的

website at bbclearningenglish.com and we're all over social media.

網站：bbclearningenglish.com，我們在社交媒體上到處都是。

Take care and see you next time. Goodbye.

保重，下回見。再見。

Bye.

再見。