We can recognize that big smile that we see of that caring mother looking down on us and so forth.

我們可以認識到，我們看到那個關懷我們的母親俯視我們的燦爛笑容，等等。

But we're confronted with many variants of that.

但我們面對的是許多變種的情況。

Just take a look at these all examples of smiles.

只要看看這些都是微笑的例子。

Some come to us, they're very genuine, some are a little reserve, some are a little nervous, they're all smiles.

有些人來到我們這裡，他們非常真誠，有些人有點保留，有些人有點緊張，他們都面帶微笑。

But what are they communicating?

但他們在交流什麼呢？

My name is joe Navarro and for 25 years I was a spy catcher for the FBI.

我的名字是喬-納瓦羅，25年來，我一直是聯邦調查局的一名間諜捕手。

You may be familiar with my previous video.

你可能對我之前的視頻很熟悉。

I talked about body language.

我談到了身體語言。

There's just no Pinocchio effect and people who prattle that and say, well we can detect deception because the person touches their nose or covers their mouths.

只是沒有皮諾曹效應，而那些喋喋不休的人說，好吧，我們可以檢測到欺騙，因為這個人碰了他們的鼻子或捂住他們的嘴。

That's just sheer nonsense.

這只是純粹的胡說八道。

And today we're going to focus on the face when it comes to nonverbals.

而今天我們要關注的是在談到非語言時的表情。

The face is key.

臉是關鍵。

There's so much information and feelings that we receive from the face that for us the face takes primacy.

我們從臉部接受的資訊和感受非常多，對我們來說，臉部是最重要的。

So one of the ways to look at the face is to think of it in two areas, comfort and discomfort because really that's how the brain reacts to the world.

是以，看臉的方法之一是將其分為兩個區域，即舒適和不舒適，因為這確實是大腦對世界的反應方式。

So let's start with psychological comfort.

是以，讓我們從心理上的安慰開始。

When we're very comfortable, the muscles of the face become very relaxed and we have all the behaviors that are associated with it.

當我們非常舒適時，面部的肌肉會變得非常放鬆，我們會有所有與之相關的行為。

Smiling, laughing.

微笑著，笑著。

Usually the pupils are slightly wider, the lips are full and usually the chin tends to be further out the very second that their psychological discomfort.

通常情況下，瞳孔稍寬，嘴脣飽滿，通常在他們心理不舒服的那一秒，下巴傾向於進一步向外。

Usually it begins to register in several areas now for some people will see it in the forehead and here between the eyes where there will be furrowing of the forehead or squinting.

通常情況下，它開始在幾個區域登記，現在對於一些人來說，會在前額和兩眼之間看到它，這裡會有額頭皺褶或眯眼。

And of course the tucking down of the chin.

當然還有下巴的收攏。

Or in some instances where something is really emotional, you'll see the chin begins to vibrate, covering of the eyes.

或者在某些情況下，如果事情真的很激動，你會看到下巴開始振動，遮住眼睛。

Also is a display of psychological discomfort.

也是一種心理上的不適的表現。

So our faces, what we feel in that moment is immediately displayed by our nonverbals.

是以，我們的表情，我們在那一刻的感受，立即被我們的非語言所顯示。

And the easiest way to look at it.

而最簡單的方法是看它。

Is is that behavior consistent with comfort, or is it consistent with discomfort?

這種行為是與舒適一致，還是與不舒服一致？

One of the questions that I'm often asked is how do we read each other?

我經常被問到的一個問題是，我們如何閱讀對方？

How do we read each other's faces?

我們如何讀懂對方的臉？

We start with the hair, how it's combed, what color it is?

我們從頭髮開始，如何梳理，它是什麼顏色？

Is it dry?

它是否乾燥？

Is it wet?

它是溼的嗎？

Is it curly?

它是捲曲的嗎？

Is it dis arranged as Children?

是否像兒童一樣被打亂安排？

We play with each other's hair?

我們互相玩弄對方的頭髮？

We look at each other's hair.

我們看著對方的頭髮。

We immediately notice when it's wet or dry or it's changed in some form.

當它潮溼或乾燥時，我們會立即注意到，或者它以某種形式發生了變化。

We look at the forehead for information.

我們看額頭的資訊。

When it's smooth, the forehead tells us that everything is well and placid.

當它光滑時，額頭告訴我們，一切都很好，很平靜。

When it's furrowed, we begin to notice that perhaps there's some sort of discomfort.

當它皺起時，我們開始注意到也許有某種不舒服的感覺。

The eyebrows, you know, the arching of the eyebrows is our exclamation point doing that eyebrow flash when we see someone we recognize and we go, hey, how are you?

眉毛，你知道，眉毛的拱起是我們的感嘆號，當我們看到我們認識的人，我們去，嘿，你好嗎？

The glow Bella, this little area between the eyes, someone says something we don't like and we might squint at them and look at them as scans the nose do we wrinkle our nose upward?

輝光貝拉，眼睛之間的這個小區域，有人說了一些我們不喜歡的東西，我們可能會眯著眼睛看著他們，就像掃描鼻子一樣，我們會向上皺起鼻子嗎？

We do that bunny nose.

我們做的是兔子的鼻子。

At about three months of age, babies are already doing this when they don't like something they're being offered and then there's the lips which convey so much information.

在大約三個月大的時候，當嬰兒不喜歡別人給他們的東西時，他們已經開始這樣做了，然後是嘴脣，它傳達了很多資訊。

Maybe as often as the eyes I'm asked about smiles, we have the social smile, the interested smile.

也許和眼睛一樣，我經常被問及微笑，我們有社交的微笑，有興趣的微笑。

A curious smile.

一個好奇的微笑。

Yeah, we have little secretive smiles that we might give to someone that we're interested in.

是的，我們有一些隱祕的微笑，我們可能會對我們感興趣的人給予微笑。

There is so much to our mouths, It's so expressive.

我們的嘴有很多東西，它是如此具有表現力。

But starting at a very young age were already focusing on these things.

但是從很小的時候開始就已經開始關注這些事情了。

You may not notice.

你可能沒有注意到。

For instance, the pupils, whether they're wide or narrowed, but subconsciously your brain is assessing this information.

例如，瞳孔，無論它們是寬還是窄，但潛意識裡你的大腦正在評估這些資訊。

There's just so much there.

那裡有這麼多東西。

So we never stopped communicating with our faces.

是以，我們從未停止過與我們的面孔交流。

It is something that is always telegraphing our emotions and our sentiments and sometimes even our desires.

它是一種總是在預告我們的情緒和情感的東西，有時甚至是我們的慾望。

Yeah.

是的。

One of the things that was startling to me when studying faces was what I had been picking up for decades when I look back on the lone ranger watching the movies of Zaro or even Batman and Robin.

在研究面孔時，有一件事讓我感到驚愕，那就是當我回顧獨行俠看扎羅的電影，甚至是蝙蝠俠和羅賓的電影時，我已經撿了幾十年的東西。

one of the things you notice is all these good guys were wearing masks that covered the eyes, but the bad guys always covered their mouths.

你注意到的一件事是所有這些好人都戴著遮住眼睛的面具，但壞人總是遮住他們的嘴。

So the bank robbers would wear a bandana and then just pull it over their faces.

是以，銀行劫匪會戴上頭巾，然後直接拉到他們的臉上。

Undoubtedly.

無疑是的。

we are being affected by the fact that we cannot see the full face.

我們正在受到影響，因為我們不能看到完整的臉。

I mean we first had reporting of this right after World War One where we saw the horrors of that war and soldiers who had their faces somehow ameliorated, they had to wear these masks.

我的意思是，我們第一次有這方面的報道是在第一次世界大戰之後，我們看到那場戰爭的恐怖，阿兵哥們的臉以某種方式得到了改善，他們不得不戴上這些面具。

And even with mass they still were not being received well into society.

而且即使有大規模，他們仍然沒有被社會很好地接受。

And so there has always been something unsettling about not being able to see the full face.

是以，對於無法看到全貌，總是有一些令人不安的地方。

And I think it has to do with the fact that we get so much information from there.

我認為這與我們從那裡獲得如此多的資訊有關。

But even with mass we can still communicate with each other.

但是，即使有大規模，我們仍然可以相互溝通。

We can still understand what people are trying to say.

我們仍然可以理解人們想要表達的內容。

And you can pick up above the line of the math.

而且你可以在數學的線以上接上。

Look at this clip, notice that even though they're wearing a mask, we can still see the emotions behind that mask.

看看這個片段，注意到即使他們戴著面具，我們仍然可以看到面具背後的情緒。

We can still decode that face.

我們仍然可以對那張臉進行解碼。

Now obviously you're not gonna see lift compression.

現在顯然你不會看到升降機的壓縮。

But with some people you really see it both in the forehead and in the global a region of the eyes.

但是對於一些人，你真的可以在額頭和眼睛的全球區域看到它。

And then of course in the orbits of the eyes there's a lot of squinting.

當然，在眼眶中也有很多眯眼的情況。

So for some people it doesn't matter that you can't see their mouth.

所以對有些人來說，你看不到他們的嘴並不重要。

You'll certainly see it in their face.

你肯定會在他們的臉上看到這一點。

But you know the rest of the body is transmitting information.

但你知道身體的其他部分在傳遞信息。

If we can't see the full face, where can we go?

如果我們不能看到全貌，我們能去哪裡？

The neck, the shoulders, right?

頸部、肩部，對嗎？

The hands, the fingers, the thumbs in particular.

手，手指，特別是大拇指。

Right?

對嗎？

So when we emphasize the fingers are wide, when we lack emphasis, our fingers come together.

是以，當我們強調的時候，手指是寬的，當我們缺乏強調的時候，我們的手指會合攏。

Even our feet communicate sentiments.

甚至我們的腳也在傳達情感。

So we have to redirect where we're getting information but always remember that from the time we're born, we're looking at the face for that information.

是以，我們必須重新確定我們獲得資訊的方向，但要始終記住，從我們出生時起，我們就在看臉來獲得這些資訊。

We just have to be patient with ourselves and know that there's still information out there.

我們只需對自己有耐心，並知道仍有資訊在那裡。

We may just have to get it from other parts of the body.

我們可能只需要從身體的其他部位獲得它。

Yeah.

是的。

A lot of us now are doing these videoconferences, zoom, google meets and so forth.

我們現在很多人都在做這些視頻會議，縮放，谷歌會議等等。

And the visual range has changed completely because now we're only seeing maybe from the chest up, maybe we're only seeing the face.

而視覺範圍已經完全改變了，因為現在我們也許只看到胸部以上的部分，也許只看到面部。

One of the things we know is that in face to face meetings, this tends to be on a subconscious level, very aggressive.

我們知道的一件事是，在面對面的會議中，這往往是在潛意識的層面上，非常具有侵略性。

So directly looking at another person as I am now directly looking at the lens is actually creating discomfort that we actually get greater comfort when we turn slightly.

所以直接看著另一個人，就像我現在直接看著鏡頭一樣，實際上是在製造不舒服，當我們稍微轉身時，實際上會得到更大的安慰。

It makes the other person relaxed.

它使對方放鬆了。

And one of the mistakes that I'm finding on zoom calls and google meats and other environments is this very direct intense look at the lens.

而我在變焦電話和谷歌肉類和其他環境中發現的一個錯誤是這種非常直接的強烈的看鏡頭。

So one of the things that you can try next time you're on a video call is angle yourself and see if you find that more comfortable, see if it's more relaxed, see if in doing that behavior that the other person then does the same thing, they feel a little bit more relaxed.

是以，下次你在視頻通話時，可以嘗試的一件事是自己的角度，看看你是否覺得這樣更舒服，看看是否更放鬆，看看在做這種行為時，對方是否隨之做同樣的事情，他們感覺更放鬆一點。

Maybe they lean back a little bit more.

也許他們的身體會更靠後一點。

One of the things that I teach is that synchrony is harmony.

我所教的東西之一是，同步就是和諧。

So the more that I can get the other party to relax to mirror my behaviors, the more I know that we are in synchrony and that's powerful because we are both engaging each other at a conscious and at a subconscious level.

是以，我越是能讓對方放鬆地反映我的行為，我就越知道我們是同步的，這很強大，因為我們都在有意識和潛意識的層面上互相吸引。

Mm Yeah.

嗯，是的。

So about 30 years ago while still working for the FBI and conducting thousands of interviews, I began to notice that there were times when I would look at a face and there was just something odd about it.

是以，大約30年前，當我仍在為聯邦調查局工作並進行數以千計的訪談時，我開始注意到，有些時候，當我看著一張臉時，就會有一些奇怪的感覺。

I couldn't quite pinpoint what I was seeing.

我不能完全確定我所看到的是什麼。

And so I began to think about the concept of chirality and chirality.

於是我開始思考手性和手性的概念。

Usually in chemistry means that when you fold something over it looks like it's going to fold over perfectly.

通常在化學中的意思是，當你把東西折過來時，它看起來會完美地折過來。

But in fact it doesn't.

但事實上，它並沒有。

And that's what I found with faces.

這就是我在面孔上發現的情況。

Sometimes when someone presents in a way that they are difficult to interpret.

有時，當某人以一種難以解釋的方式呈現時。

It's because their faces are actually showing two emotions, one on the left and one on the right.

這是因為他們的臉實際上表現出兩種情緒，一種在左邊，一種在右邊。

And if you divide the face in half and just cover one half of the face, you'll be able to more clearly see what that specific emotion is.

而如果你把臉抽成兩半，只覆蓋臉的一半，你就能更清楚地看到那種特定的情緒是什麼。

Take a look at these photographs.

看看這些照片吧。

Now, these photographs are taken during emotionally charged moments.

現在，這些照片是在情緒激動的時刻拍攝的。

And when you first see the face, you may look at it and say, well there's something going on there, but it's not till you cover perfectly one half and then cover the other half, that you begin to see the real gross differences.

當你第一次看到這張臉時，你可能會看著它說，好吧，那裡發生了一些事情，但直到你完美地覆蓋了一半，然後覆蓋了另一半，你才開始看到真正的嚴重差異。

Normally when we feel an emotion, we see it fully on both sides of the face.

通常情況下，當我們感受到一種情緒時，我們會在臉的兩邊完全看到這種情緒。

But because we don't see the full emotion on the whole face, that's something that we need to focus on and determine why.

但是因為我們沒有看到整張臉的全部情緒，所以這是我們需要關注的問題，並確定原因。

Because something isn't right?

因為有些東西不對嗎？

Why do we focus so much on the face?

為什麼我們如此關注臉部？

We focus on the face because of necessity, because through our faces we can show that we care through our faces.

我們之所以關注臉部，是因為有必要，因為通過我們的臉部，我們可以通過臉部顯示出我們的關心。

We can validate what others are going through.

我們可以驗證其他人正在經歷的事情。

And so by studying the faces of others, we gain understanding about ourselves realizing that our body language will affect others positively.

是以，通過研究他人的面孔，我們獲得了對自己的理解，意識到我們的身體語言會對他人產生積極的影響。

And that's why we study nonverbals.

這就是我們研究非語言的原因。

We study nonverbals because it benefits us, but it also benefits others.

我們研究非語言，是因為它對我們有益，但也對其他人有益。