England is saturated with Roman history.  A ruthlessly efficient invading force, the  

英國的羅馬歷史已經飽和。 一支無情而高效的入侵部隊，即

Romans changed Britain forever. Arriving in AD 43,  they brought with them military might and advanced  

羅馬人永遠改變了英國。他們於公元43年抵達英國，帶來了強大的軍事力量和先進的技術。

engineering along with cultural forces in the form  of new religious practices. Today the Romans live  

工程，以及以新宗教習俗為形式的文化力量。今天，羅馬人的生活

on through us in countless ways but there can be  few Roman legacies so poignant as the majestic  

通過我們以無數的方式傳承下去，但很少有羅馬人的遺產能像雄偉的《聖經》那樣令人感慨。

Hadrian's Wall which originally stretched from  Wallsend in North Tyneside on the eastern tip  

哈德良長城最初從北泰恩賽德的沃爾森德延伸到東端。

of England westwards to an unknown location  as it stretched down England's western coast.

當它沿著英格蘭的西海岸延伸到一個未知的地方時，英格蘭的西海岸。

The emperor Hadrian visited Britainnia in AD 122  

哈德良皇帝於公元122年訪問不列顛尼亞。

and decided to build a wall marking the limit of  the Roman Empire right across northern Britain.  

並決定建造一堵牆，標誌著羅馬帝國在英國北部的界限。

While it is a wall, it appears as if it was always  intended to manage small-scale movement north  

雖然它是一堵牆，但它似乎一直是為了管理小規模的運動。

and south. Perhaps it should be seen really  about controlling the landscape around it.  

和南部。也許應該把它真正看作是對其周圍景觀的控制。

It's not a fundamentally closed barrier. It's 73  miles long and that's 80 Roman miles and it's got  

它不是一個根本性的封閉屏障。它有73英里長，那是80羅馬英里，它有

80 milecastles, a very large of turrets as well as  17 more substantial forts along its entire length.  

80英里的堡壘，一個非常大的炮臺，以及沿其整個長度的17個更大的堡壘。

It's linked in to the network of Roman roads  that were constructed throughout England and  

它與在整個英格蘭和其他地區修建的羅馬道路網相連。

Wales. It might feel like the end of the Earth,  especially when you're standing here in winter,  

威爾士。它可能感覺像地球的盡頭，特別是當你在冬天站在這裡時。

but it was very much plugged into an  empire that stretched thousands of  

但它在很大程度上與一個綿延數千公里的帝國緊密相連。

miles all the way to present-day Iraq  and even as far as the Sahara Desert.  

裡，一直到今天的伊拉克，甚至遠至撒哈拉沙漠。

And now it stands as the most remarkable monument  to the Roman Empire as well as to the tenacity  

而現在，它作為羅馬帝國最顯著的紀念碑，也是羅馬帝國堅韌不拔的象徵。

and the spirit of the people who built it and  the tribes in the areas through which it ran.

以及建造它的人和它所經過的地區的部落的精神。

The dramatic landscape that surrounds the wall  today serves as a reminder of what an incredible  

今天，環繞城牆的戲劇性景觀提醒人們，這是一個令人難以置信的時代。

feat of engineering it was. Hadrian's Wall sprawls  over a vast and variable stretch of terrain  

它是工程的壯舉。哈德良長城橫亙在一片廣闊而多變的地形上

and the men who contructed it  had to build over rolling hills,  

而建造它的人不得不在起伏的山丘上建造。

fierce river torrents and the hard  rocky outcrop of the Whin Sill.

凶猛的河水和堅硬的巖壁上的惠恩山丘。

The wall took more than a decade to build and it  required the collective efforts of soldiers from  

這座牆花了十幾年的時間來建造，它需要來自世界各地的阿兵哥的集體努力。

all three of the Roman legions that were stationed  in Britain at the time. Each legion consisted of  

當時駐紮在英國的所有三個羅馬軍團。每個軍團由以下人員組成

around about 5000 men and we've got inscriptions  from right across the wall that actually tell  

大約有5000人，我們已經得到了整個牆體的銘文，實際上告訴我們

us who built certain sections. These are called  centurial stones and they really help to fill in  

我們是誰建造了某些部分。這些被稱為 "百年石"，它們確實有助於填補。

some of the detail, the human endeavour, that went  into the construction of this fantastic monument.  

這座神奇的紀念碑的建造過程中的一些細節和人類的努力。

For some, being on the wall could have been  extremely difficult. For others, it could have  

對一些人來說，上牆可能是非常困難的。對其他人來說，這可能是

been extremely boring. Outside of open warfare  there was always training and there were duties  

一直都非常無聊。在公開的戰爭之外，總是有訓練，有職責

around the fort and there's evidence that things  perhaps got a little bit slack in prolonged times  

在堡壘周圍，有證據表明，在漫長的時間裡，事情也許變得有點鬆懈。

of peace. One writer has actually commented, "what  did you expect was going to happen? Rome dropped  

的和平。一位作家居然評論說："你以為會發生什麼？羅馬放棄了

500 or maybe 1000 men with money in their pockets  into the middle of a wilderness." You can imagine  

500或也許1000人，口袋裡裝著錢，來到一片荒野之中"。你可以想象

the rest. They wanted to buy wine, they wanted  to buy extra food, they wanted to buy company  

其餘的。他們想買酒，他們想買額外的食物，他們想買公司

and of course small settlements built up around  the forts to be able to cater to those needs.  

當然，為了能夠滿足這些需求，在堡壘周圍建立了小型定居點。

But it wasn't just soldiers who came from  distant lands: they brought with them  

但從遙遠的地方來的不僅僅是阿兵哥：他們帶來了

many of their gods and goddesses and we see  evidence of those being worshipped along the wall.  

他們的許多神明和女神，我們看到這些神明和女神沿牆被崇拜的證據。

The official religions of course are well  recorded and we see lots of dedications  

官方的宗教當然有很好的記錄，我們看到了很多奉獻的內容

to Jupiter for example, but we also know that  other gods travelled from elsewhere in the Roman  

但我們也知道，其他的神明也從羅馬的其他地方來過，比如說朱庇特。

Empire - Mithras is a fantastic example - and also  we see some of the local gods subsumed into the  

帝國--密特拉神就是一個很好的例子--而且我們還看到一些當地的神靈被納入了

Roman religious practices or surviving as spirits  of local places that we see attested to in small  

羅馬人的宗教習俗或作為當地的靈魂而存活，我們在小範圍內看到了證明。

carvings and inscriptions. So we see this really  heady mix of beliefs from all over the empire.

雕刻和銘文。是以，我們看到這種來自帝國各地的信仰的真正令人振奮的混合。

Some of the men stationed on  Hadrian's Wall would have come  

駐紮在哈德良長城上的一些人可能會來

thousands of miles from their homeland.  There were Dacians from modern-day Romania,  

他們離自己的故鄉有幾千英里遠。 有來自現代羅馬尼亞的達契亞人。

and there were bargemen from the Tigris in  what modern-day Iraq based now what is now  

有來自底格里斯河的駁船人在現代伊拉克的基礎上，現在是什麼？

South Shields and it's fascinating to think of  all those partings, all these people moved from  

想到所有這些離別，所有這些人從南希爾茲搬來，真是令人著迷。

their home countries to places that  felt so very very alien to them.

他們的祖國對他們來說是非常非常陌生的地方。

Hadrian's Wall was likely built by  men who were foreigners to the area,  

哈德良長城可能是由該地區的外國人建造的。

billetted thousands of miles away  from their homes and families.  

駐紮在離家和家人數千英里之外的地方。

Fortune Turns the Wheel is a classic song of the  locality resonating with this site. This is a  

財富轉輪》是當地的一首經典歌曲，與本網站產生共鳴。這是一首

beautiful parting song often sung between friends  at the end of a night of drinking or at funerals  

美麗的離別之歌，經常在酒後或葬禮上唱給朋友聽。

as the gathered bid a friend or family member  farewell. The lyrics convey the regret of a  

當人們聚集在一起向朋友或家人告別時。歌詞表達了一個人的遺憾。

bitter-sweet goodbye as the protagonist prepares  to launch head-first into an uncertain future,  

當主角準備一頭扎進一個不確定的未來時，苦澀的告別。

one that will hopefully see a reunion with  the assembled company should luck befall them.  

如果幸運降臨到他們身上，希望能看到與集合的公司重逢。

It's sung for us here by the Brothers Gillespie,  who grew up just a stone's throw from the wall.

這首歌是由吉萊斯皮兄弟為我們唱的，他們就在離城牆一箭之遙的地方長大。