Name: 忘記電動車，太陽能汽車來了 (Forget EVs, Solar Powered Cars Are Here)
Uploaded: 2021-06-20T18:10:36.000Z
Duration: 9 min 35 s

For centuries now, countless inventors and  innovators have tried to harness the power of the  

幾個世紀以來，無數的發明家和創新者一直試圖利用

情態助動詞 B1

Sun. Some time in the next century, solar energy  might make a large contribution to energy needs.  

太陽。在下個世紀的某個時候，太陽能可能會對能源需求做出巨大貢獻。  

And today, the dream of using solar energy  to power transportation is pushing automotive  

而今天，利用太陽能為交通工具提供動力的夢想正推動著汽車

technology to its limits. It was right around  late 2005 where I became obsessed with the very  

技術到了極限。就在2005年底，我開始迷戀上了非常

idea of this vehicle. By building a solar car,  you'll get this constraint that you're limited  

這種車的想法。通過建造一輛太陽能汽車，你會得到這樣的約束，即你是有限的

in the amount of energy you have. But building a  practical solar car--one that can actually compete  

在你所擁有的能源量。但是，建造一個實用的太陽能汽車--一個真正能夠與之競爭的汽車。

with fossil fuel vehicles and today's EVs--has  never really seemed possible. Until now.

與化石燃料汽車和今天的電動汽車相比，似乎從來沒有真正的可能性。直到現在。

So it started out of my garage like lots of  Southern California companies do. Aptera  

所以它就像很多南加州的公司一樣，從我的車庫裡開始。萬通公司

was really started, based on obsession with efficiency.  

真正開始，是基於對效率的迷戀。  

Yeah, so actually it all started back in 2012 when  the CEO of--of Lightyear  

是的，所以實際上這一切都始於2012年，當時光年公司的首席執行官

gave me a call and then he told me, yeah we're  going to participate in the World Solar Challenge.  

給我打了個電話，然後他告訴我，是的，我們要參加世界太陽能挑戰賽。  

For years now, these two have been driven to  build the world's first commercial solar-powered car.  

多年來，這兩個人一直被驅動著建造世界上第一輛商業太陽能汽車。  

Yeah, so I'm Arjo van der Ham, co-founder and  chief technology officer at Lightyear. My name is  

是的，所以我是Arjo van der Ham，Lightyear的聯合創始人和首席技術官。我的名字是

Steve Fambro, and I'm the co-CEO of Aptera Motors.  What Aptera and Lightyear are working on could  

史蒂夫-範博，我是萬通汽車的聯合首席執行官。  萬通公司和光年公司正在進行的工作可能是

revolutionize the auto industry and transform  transportation. The Lightyear One is a solar  

徹底改變汽車行業並改變交通。光年一號是一個太陽能

powered family car. It has five seats. It has a  five square meter solar panel. Aptera is a solar  

動力型家庭汽車。它有五個座位。它有一個五平方米的太陽能電池板。Aptera是一個太陽能

electric vehicle that has solar cells on virtually  every square meter surface of the vehicle.  

電動汽車幾乎在車輛的每一平方米表面都有太陽能電池。  

Now, you may have already seen solar cars with  similar out-of-this-world designs before. But  

現在，你可能已經看到了具有類似超凡設計的太陽能汽車。但是

these vehicles aren't just attention-grabbing  concept cars or experimental solar racers built  

這些車輛不僅僅是引人注意的概念車或實驗性的太陽能賽車，而是建立在

for competition. These cars are designed and  engineered for the everyday commute.  

用於競爭。這些汽車是為日常通勤而設計和製造的。  

Having the solar cells on the vehicle lets us park it  in the Sun and charge it while you're at work,  

在車輛上安裝太陽能電池可以讓我們把它停在陽光下，在你工作的時候給它充電。

while you're shopping, or whatever.  So, if you drive 12,000 miles per year, something like that like most people do.

當你在購物時，或其他什麼。  是以，如果你每年開車12,000英里，像大多數人那樣。

you might never have to plug it in at  all. You might just drive to work and back,  

你可能根本就不需要插電。你可能只是開車去上班和回來。

and the car pretty much stays full. You can drive  about 10,000 miles a year in the Bay Area on  

和汽車幾乎保持滿載。在灣區，你每年可以駕駛約10,000英里的車輛。

the power of the Sun. And I think the average  person in that area drives about 13,000 miles  

太陽的力量。而我認為該地區的人平均開車約13,000英里

a year. That's already about 70% of the typical  usage. So while you can plug in to recharge these  

一年。這已經是典型使用量的70%左右了。是以，雖然你可以插電給這些東西充電

vehicles... you may well not have to. What excites  me the most about making a commercial solar car  

你很可能不需要這樣做。製作商用太陽能汽車最讓我興奮的是

is showing to the world that we can be much more  efficient with the energy that we have available,  

正在向世界表明，我們可以更有效地利用我們現有的能源。

without having to compromise on the convenience  you get every day. You may be thinking - Do  

而不必在你每天得到的便利上做出妥協。你可能在想--是否

we need a commercial solar car? After all,  electric vehicles are more popular than ever,  

我們需要一輛商用太陽能汽車嗎？畢竟，電動汽車比以前更受歡迎。

with THREE MILLION sold globally in 2020. That's  roughly a 40% increase from the previous year!  

2020年，全球將售出300萬輛。這大約比前一年增加了40%！。  

Well, unfortunately, due to the lithium-ion  batteries that they rely on and the electric grids  

嗯，不幸的是，由於它們所依賴的鋰離子電池和電網

they use to recharge, turns out - these “zero  emission vehicles” may not be as sustainable as  

結果發現--這些 "零排放車輛 "可能並不像 "零排放車輛 "那樣具有可持續性。

we need them to be. Another alternative is to have  a solar electric vehicle that reduces a nation's  

我們需要它們。另一個選擇是擁有太陽能電動汽車，減少國家的

dependence on the grid, that uses the Sun, which  is 90 million miles away and works every day.  

對電網的依賴，那是利用9000萬英里外的太陽，每天都在工作。  

So, how are these two automakers able to use  solar as their car's primary power source?  

那麼，這兩家汽車製造商是如何將太陽能作為其汽車的主要動力來源的？  

According to Arjo, it comes down to  balancing a fundamental equation. Yeah, so basically  

根據Arjo的說法，它歸結為平衡一個基本方程。是的，所以基本上

it's the amount of energy you consume  per mile and the amount of energy you  

這是你每英里所消耗的能量和你的能量的數量

generate each year from the Sun. And if you take  a relatively traditional car, it's like this, so  

每年從太陽產生。而如果你採取一個相對傳統的汽車，它是這樣的，所以

energy consumption, energy yield. There's a big  gap. By leveraging the latest advances in solar  

能源消耗，能源產量。有一個很大的差距。通過利用太陽能方面的最新進展

technology, Lightyear maximizes energy yield. And  by focusing on efficiency in their car's design  

技術，Lightyear最大限度地提高了能源產量。而通過在他們的汽車設計中注重效率

and engineering-- Step by step, you get the  energy consumption down. But it's still not  

和工程--一步一步地，你把能源消耗降低了。但它仍然不是

at the same level as your energy yield. So  you also have to work on the other side.  

與你的能量產量處於同一水準。是以，你還必須在另一邊工作。  

Lightyear focused on three key areas: the  powertrain, rolling resistance and aerodynamics.  

光年專注於三個關鍵領域：動力系統、滾動阻力和空氣動力學。  

Focus Number One: The Power Train. So there's  four motors individually in each wheel,  

重點一：動力系統。是以，每個車輪上都有四個單獨的馬達。

which means there's no longer a mechanical  drive shaft or a final drive. And all of  

這意味著不再有機械傳動軸或最終傳動裝置。而所有的

these mechanical components that of course  generate friction, they add weight. You  

這些機械部件當然會產生摩擦，它們會增加重量。你

can get rid of all of that. This lighter,  

可以擺脫這一切。這個打火機。

more efficient powertrain of course also  reduces rolling resistance--Focus Number Two.  

更高效的動力系統當然也減少了滾動阻力--重點之二。  

Lightyear One's body and chassis are also made  of lightweight materials, like aluminum and  

光年一號的車身和底盤也是由輕質材料製成，如鋁和

carbon fiber allowing the five -seat, family  car to tip the scales at an estimated fourteen  

碳纖維使這一五座的家庭轎車的體重估計達到了14公斤。

to fifteen hundred kilograms. Many EVs currently  on the market are nearly twice as heavy. Finally,  

到一千五百公斤。目前市場上的許多電動車幾乎是這個重量的兩倍。最後。

there's aerodynamics. Lightyear One has a drag  coefficient of less than 0.2. So it's really,  

還有就是空氣動力學。光年一號的阻力系數小於0.2。是以，它真的。

really low compared to five seater production  cars today on the market. Keep in mind that in  

與今天市場上的五座量產車相比，真的很低。請記住，在

coming up with this aerodynamic design, Lightyear  also had to make room for solar panels, seats and  

在想出這個空氣動力學設計的同時，光年還必須為太陽能電池板、座椅和其他設備留出空間。

take driver and passenger comfort into account.  Not the most aerodynamic shape, not the biggest  

考慮到駕駛員和乘客的舒適性。  不是最符合空氣動力學的形狀，不是最大的

solar panel area. So it's not the best in  one category, but the balance across all of them.  

太陽能電池板區域。是以，它不是一個類別中最好的，而是所有類別中的平衡。  

Of course, Aptera faced the same design  and engineering challenges.  

當然，萬通公司也面臨著同樣的設計和工程挑戰。  

Challenges they've been able to overcome thanks to the  latest advances in solar technology.  

由於太陽能技術的最新進展，他們已經能夠克服的挑戰。  

One of the things thats' changed is  the efficiency of new solar cells.   

其中一個變化是新的太陽能電池的效率。   

And the new solar cells that are  available, like the ones we use,  

還有現有的新的太陽能電池，比如我們使用的電池。

are so efficient, they allow us to do things now  that we couldn't do 10 years ago. Like covering  

它們是如此高效，使我們現在可以做十年前無法做到的事情。如覆蓋

nearly every meter of their car's surface in solar  cells. But Aptera also focused on efficiency. An  

他們的汽車表面幾乎每一米都有太陽能電池。但萬通公司也注重效率。一個

approach perhaps best exemplified by their car's  aerodynamic design. It's really the result of  

他們的汽車的空氣動力學設計也許是最好的例證。這確實是下列因素的結果

asking, what's the most aerodynamic shape that  you could put around two people side-by-side?  

問，什麼是最符合空氣動力學的形狀，你可以把兩個人並排放在一起？  

And when I started thinking about building a  car and how it would look, and how we designed,  

而當我開始考慮造車以及它的外觀，以及我們如何設計。

this sort of epiphany of being stuck  on the freeway and looking at all the  

在高速公路上被卡住，看著所有的人，這種頓悟的感覺。

vehicles surrounding me -- trucks, and cars, and  station wagons, and everything just looked like  

我周圍的車輛--卡車、轎車和旅行車，所有的東西看起來都像

big bricks to me. And so getting into, why  are cars boxy? Why are they styled that way?  

對我來說是大磚頭。是以，進入到，為什麼汽車是方的？為什麼它們的造型是這樣的？  

And then, why is it necessary to do  something different if you really  

然後，為什麼有必要做一些不同的事情，如果你真的

want to make an efficient vehicle? Steve and his  team came up with a radically different design,  

想製造一輛高效的汽車？史蒂夫和他的團隊想出了一個截然不同的設計。

inspired in part by the solar  racers they saw in competition.  

部分靈感來自他們在比賽中看到的太陽能賽車手。  

What we did is take that way of thinking as a  starting point and then bring it on automotive  

我們所做的是把這種思維方式作為一個起點，然後把它帶到汽車上。

design and say, how do we retain the  -- technical roots and the efficiencies  

設計，並說，我們如何保留--技術根基和效率。

but yet make it a commercially viable vehicle.  The result: a three-wheel, two-seater car with the  

但又能使其成為商業上可行的車輛。  其結果是：一個三輪雙座的汽車，具有以下特點

drag coefficient of zero-point-one-three, one that  the Washington Post compared to the Batmobile! The  

風阻係數為零點一三，《華盛頓郵報》將其比作蝙蝠車！"。的。

side view mirror--the square side view mirror  on a Ford F-150 has about the same amount of  

側面觀察鏡--福特F-150上的方形側面觀察鏡有大約相同的數量。

drag as our entire vehicle. Aptera's solar  electric vehicle also uses in-wheel motors  

牽引力作為我們的整個車輛。萬通公司的太陽能電動車也使用輪內電機

as well as lightweight, composite materials  like carbon fiber and a type of fiberglass  

以及輕型複合材料，如碳纖維和一種玻璃纖維。

called E-Glass. Composites let you put more  structure, and more safe structure with less  

稱為E-Glass。複合材料讓你用更少的錢買到更多的結構，和更安全的結構。

weight and cost than steel. The sleek design,  efficient powertrain, and use of lightweight  

與鋼鐵相比，重量和成本更低。圓滑的設計、高效的動力系統以及對輕質材料的使用

materials allows for Aptera's base model to weigh  just 800 kilograms! Compared to EVs, I mean--it's  

材料使Aptera的基本型號僅有800公斤重！與電動車相比，我的意思是--------。與電動車相比，我的意思是--它是

fractional. One of the EVs we drove the  other day I think weighs over 6,000 pounds.  

零碎的。我們前幾天駕駛的一輛電動車，我認為重量超過6000磅。  

To give you an example. I mean that's a tremendous amount of weight.

給你舉個例子。我是說那是一個巨大的重量。

A lighter, more aerodynamic car means  less energy needed to move the vehicle.  

一輛更輕、更符合空氣動力學的汽車意味著移動車輛所需的能量更少。  

We burn about a hundred watt-hours per  mile. And -- to put that in perspective,  

我們每英里燃燒大約100瓦特小時。而且 -- 從這個角度來說。

it's-- much less than a motorcycle. So,  by starting with a clean sheet of paper  

它......比一輛摩托車少得多。是以，通過從一張乾淨的紙開始

and making something that's efficient from day  one. And making something that's powered by the  

並從第一天起就製造出高效的東西。並製作一些由

Sun-- it felt like it was a way to differentiate  ourselves from anything that's out there.  

太陽--感覺這是一種將我們自己與外面的任何東西區分開來的方法。  

Everyone else is making electric vehicles,  we're making solar electric vehicles.  

別人都在製造電動汽車，我們在製造太陽能電動汽車。  

The need for clean, sustainable transportation  has never been more urgent. And with the  

對清潔、可持續交通的需求從未像現在這樣迫切。而隨著

growing realization that today's EVs  may not get us to Net Zero fast enough,  

越來越多的人認識到，今天的電動汽車可能無法讓我們快速實現淨零排放。

maybe it's time to explore alternative solutions  to sustainable transportation. Should it be  

也許現在是時候探索可持續交通的替代解決方案了。應該是

something that harnesses the energy directly  from the Sun? Should it reduce our use of the  

直接利用太陽的能量的東西？它是否應該減少我們的使用

grid? Should it give us more freedom and more  autonomy? That's the direction I'd like to see  

電網？它應該給我們更多的自由和更多的自主權嗎？這是我希望看到的方向

it go. So I do think that in the long term solar  cars will be accessible to everyone. And that's  

它去。所以我確實認為，從長遠來看，太陽能汽車將為每個人所接受。而這是

where our mission statement comes from: "Clean  mobility for everyone everywhere". That's what  

我們的使命宣言來自於此："為世界各地的人提供清潔的交通"。這就是

we want to achieve, and we see the solar car  as the opportunity to make that happen.  

我們想要實現的目標，而我們將太陽能汽車視為實現這一目標的機會。  

For a deeper dive into solar cars, check  out Light Speed: Powered by the Sun,  

如果想更深入地瞭解太陽能汽車，請查看《光速》。由太陽提供動力。

Seeker's 8 chapter learning playlist on the  technology behind the 2019 World Solar Challenge. 

尋求者關於2019年世界太陽能挑戰賽背後技術的8章學習播放列表。