Name: TED-Ed】關於探索海洋--羅伯特-巴拉德。 (【TED-Ed】On exploring the oceans - Robert Ballard)
Uploaded: 2021-01-14T05:09:35.000Z
Duration: 18 min 17 s

Our country has two exploration programs.

One is NASA, with a mission to explore the great beyond,

其一是NASA太空總署，而使命是探測太空

to explore the heavens, which we all want to go to if we're lucky.

探索那個我們都想去的天堂～如果我們夠幸運的話

And you can see we have Sputnik, and we have Saturn,

你可以看到我們有史波尼克(Sputnik)衛星和農神火箭

and we have other manifestations of space exploration.

in another agency within our government, in ocean exploration.

政府有另一個機構負責探索海洋

It's in NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

也就是NOAA，國家海洋與大氣管理局

And my question is this: "why are we ignoring the oceans?"

而我的疑問是 -- 我們為什麼忽略海洋？

Here's the reason, or not the reason, but here's why I ask that question.

也許這是原因、或者這不是，但這就是我為什麼要問

If you compare NASA's annual budget to explore the heavens,

如果比較太空總署探索太空的年度預算

that one-year budget would fund NOAA's budget

Why? Why are we looking up? Is it because it's heaven?

為什麼？為什麼我們往上看？難道是因為天堂在上面？

And hell is down here? Is it a cultural issue?

而地獄在下面？這是因為文化的影響嗎？

Or do they just assume the ocean is just a dark, gloomy place

或他們認為海洋只是一片漆黑、又陰森的地方

I'm going to take you on a 16-minute trip on 72 percent of the planet, so buckle up.

繫好安全帶，我將帶領你們在下面16分鐘遊遍這佔地球72％的地方

is we're going to immerse ourselves in my world.

And what I'm going to try -- I hope I make the following points.

我會試著 -- 我希望可以把以下幾點講清楚

I'm going to make it right now in case I forget.

was not in my textbooks when I went to school.

And most of all, it was not even in my college textbooks.

更重要的是，那也沒不在我大學的課本裡

I'm a geophysicist, and all my Earth science books when I was a student --

我是地球物理學家而我當學生時的地球科學書籍

I had to give the wrong answer to get an A.

我必須填上錯誤的答案才能拿高分

We used to ridicule continental drift. It was something we laughed at.

我們曾揶揄大陸板塊飄移，讓我們笑到不行

We learned of Marshall Kay's geosynclinal cycle, which is a bunch of crap.

我們學習馬歇爾．凱(Marshall Kay)的地槽圈，那真的是鬼話連篇

In today's context, it was a bunch of crap,

but it was the law of geology, vertical tectonics.

但它曾是地質學裡垂直地殼運動的定律

All the things we're going to walk through

in our explorations and discoveries of the oceans

were mostly discoveries made by accident.

We were looking for something and found something else.

我們想找某樣東西，卻發現了另一樣

represents a one tenth of one percent glimpse, because that's all we've seen.

都這只是驚鴻一瞥中的十分之一，因為我們也只看到這些

This is a characterization of what it would look like if you could remove the water.

是說，這是你想像中把全部的水都移開以後的樣子

It gives you the false impression it's a map.

In fact, I have another version at my office

and I ask people, "Why are there mountains here, on this area here,

而我問人們：「為什麼這裡，這塊區域有山脈」

but there are none over here?" And they go, "Well, gee,

「而那邊卻沒有呢？」他們通常都會說：「嗯～天啊」

"Is it a fracture zone? Is it a hot spot?"

「這是地質脆弱地區嗎？它是熱點嗎？」

No, no, that's the only place a ship's been.

Most of the southern hemisphere is unexplored.

大部分的南半球都沒有被探索過

during Captain Cook's time than now. It's amazing.

是在庫克船長的時代，比現代還多，這真叫人吃驚！

All right. So we're going to immerse ourselves

in the 72 percent of the planet because, you know,

這星球的另外72％是因為，你知道嗎

it's really naive to think that the Easter Bunny

會把所有的好東西都放在大陸上嗎，就太天真了

你知道嗎～這真是太荒誕不羈了

We are always, constantly playing the zero sum game.

You know, we're going to do this, we're going to take it away from something else.

知道嗎，現在我們要試試看別的路子

And we're leaving so much on the table, 72 percent of the planet.

我們還有很多籌碼，這72％的地球資源

And as I will point out later in the presentation,

50 percent of the United States of America lies beneath the sea.

美國有50％的領域在海平面以下

50 percent of our country that we own, have all legal jurisdiction,

我們國家擁有的50％，依法管轄

have all rights to do whatever we want, lies beneath the sea

而可以任意處置的，都在海洋底下

and we have better maps of Mars than that 50 percent.

Why? OK. Now, I began my explorations the hard way.

為什麼？好吧，剛開始探險的時候很辛苦

Back then -- actually my first expedition

在過去 -- 事實上我第一次的探險

was when I was 17 years old. It was 49 years ago.

Do the math, I'm 66. And I went out to sea on a Scripps ship

算算看吧，現在我66歲。當我跟著Scripps的船出海

and we almost got sunk by a giant rogue wave,

and I was too young to be -- you know, I thought it was great!

當時我太年輕了 -- 你知道的，我想說這超棒的！

I was a body surfer and I thought, "Wow, that was an incredible wave!"

我用身體衝浪，還想著「哇～這個浪頭真棒」

And we almost sank the ship, but I became enraptured

而我們差點因此沉船，但是後來我漸漸為此著迷

with mounting expeditions. And over the last 49 years,

經歷很多探險活動，在後來這49年間

I've done about 120, 121 -- I keep doing them -- expeditions.

我一共經歷了120、121次探險 -- 而我還繼續的從事這項工作

But in the early days, the only way I could get to the bottom

不過，早年唯一能讓我到達海底的方式

was to crawl into a submarine, a very small submarine,

就是爬進潛水艇，非常小的潛水艇

I dove in a whole series of different deep diving submersibles.

在一系列的活動我藉著各式潛艇到達各種深度

and all the major deep submersibles we have, which are about eight.

以及其他八艘深海潛水艇為主力

In fact, on a good day, we might have four or five human beings

事實上，天氣好的時候我們大約有四到五位人員

maybe four or five human beings out of whatever billions we've got going.

大約四到五位人員正在進行任何一項探險

And so it's very difficult to get there, if you do it physically.

But I was enraptured, and in my graduate years

但我深深著迷，而在我畢業的那幾年

was the dawn of plate tectonics. And we realized

正是板塊構造學說的啟蒙時期，而我們已經知道

that the greatest mountain range on Earth lies beneath the sea.

最偉大的山脈其實躺在海洋底下

The mid-ocean ridge runs around like the seam on a baseball.

大西洋中洋脊就像棒球上的縫線一般跨越地球

But if you were to put it on an equal area projection,

如果你把放在等區域投影地圖上

you'd see that the mid-ocean ridge covers 23 percent

你會發現中洋脊佔據相當於23％

Almost a quarter of our planet is a single mountain range

幾乎四分之一的地球被一個山脈佔據

and we didn't enter it until after Neil Armstrong

而我們一直等到尼爾．阿姆斯壯(Neil Armstrong)

和巴茲．艾德林(Buzz Aldrin)上了月球之後才發現

So we went to the moon, played golf up there,

我們上了月球，在上面玩了一下高爾夫

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TED-Ed】關於探索海洋--羅伯特-巴拉德。 (【TED-Ed】On exploring the oceans - Robert Ballard)

incredible

life

planet

sink