unassuming building. But this building had a remarkable

這座不起眼的建築。但這座建築有一個顯著的特點

impact on England's industrial history.

對英國工業史的影響。

Originally built in the 1720s, Derwentcote Steel Furnace

德溫特考特鋼爐最初建於1720年代。

played an important role in the creation of steel

在創造鋼鐵方面發揮了重要作用

allowing for a huge step forwards in engineering and production.

允許在工程和生產方面取得巨大進步。

I'm Rob Bell, engineer and adventurer

我是羅伯-貝爾，工程師和冒險家

and I'm travelling around England, seeking out some of the key sites in

我正在英格蘭各地旅行，尋找英國的一些重要景點。

this country's shift towards a more modern way of manufacturing and living

這個國家正在向更現代的製造和生活方式轉變

This steel furnace employed an

這種鋼爐採用了一種

early method of turning wrought iron into steel

早期的鍛鐵成鋼法

and was active for over a hundred years up until the late 1800s.

並活躍了一百多年，直到19世紀末。

To find out more about the part Derwentcote played

瞭解更多關於德溫特科特所扮演的角色的資訊

I'm meeting Mark Douglas, Senior Properties Curator

我正在會見馬克-道格拉斯，高級地產策展人

from English Heritage

來自英國遺產組織

- Mark, nice to meet you - You too

- 馬克，很高興見到你 - 你也是

There's so much more to this building once you step inside

一旦你踏入這棟建築，就會有很多東西。

- Yeah, it's good isn't it - It's fantastic

- 是的，這很好，不是嗎？

So, tell me when was this steel furnace operational? When was it active?

那麼，告訴我這個鋼爐是什麼時候運行的？它是什麼時候活動的？

It was active from the early part of the 18th century

它從18世紀初就開始活躍起來。

We know probably from around about 1720.

我們知道大概從1720年左右開始。

This is the earliest surviving example of a cementation furnace in the country.

這是該國現存最早的水泥化爐的例子。

That's what makes it incredibly important

這就是它令人難以置信的重要之處

Can you tell me a bit about the process

你能告訴我一些關於這個過程的情況嗎？

of what went on in the furnace here - how you turn iron into steel?

在這裡的爐子裡發生了什麼--你如何把鐵變成鋼？

The main principle is you must not let air get to the iron because it oxidizes it

主要原則是不能讓空氣接觸到鐵，因為空氣會氧化鐵。

So inside this massive masonry that you can see in front of you here, there's two chests

是以，在你面前的這塊巨大的磚石裡，有兩個箱子

In those two chests they would pack bars of iron between layers of charcoal

在這兩個箱子裡，他們會把鐵條裝在幾層木炭之間。

and then top the whole thing off with sand to make it airtight

然後用沙子把整個東西頂起來，使其不透氣。

and light a fire. There's flumes going around the outside

並點燃了火。外面有水槽環繞

up to a dome ceiling and flumes going underneath these two stone chests

在這兩個石箱下面有一個圓頂和水槽。

And basically heat them up to about 1100 degrees

基本上將它們加熱到約1100度

and keep it at that temperature for between seven and ten days

並在該溫度下保持七至十天。

Then allow the whole thing to slowly cool down, probably another two weeks

然後讓整個事情慢慢冷卻下來，大概再過兩個星期

During that process the iron inside there

在這個過程中，裡面的鐵

will absorb the carbon out of the surrounding charcoal and that would then

將吸收周圍木炭中的碳，然後就會

create what we call blister steel. The whole surface would look like a

形成我們所說的水泡鋼。整個表面會看起來像一個

pancake or blistered up like a pancake when it came out of these furnaces

當它從這些爐子裡出來的時候，就像煎餅一樣起泡了

and that would be then used to forge

而這將被用來偽造

sheer steel and used to make the tools down in the forge

峭壁上的鋼，用來在鍛造廠製造工具。

What kinds of tools, what kind of implements

什麼類型的工具，什麼類型的器具

might have been manufactured from the steel from this furnace?

可能是由這個爐子的鋼製造出來的？

Anything with edges. Anything with cutting edges

任何有稜角的東西。任何有切割邊緣的東西

because it would hold an edge and it could be made a lot thinner

因為它可以保持一個邊緣，而且可以做得更薄。

Scythes, shears and also swords

鐮刀、剪子，還有劍

And was this part of England then intrinsically linked to steel production

而當時英國的這一地區是否與鋼鐵生產有著內在的聯繫？

and if so why was that?

如果是這樣，為什麼會這樣？

Steel production in itself isn't really intrinsically linked to any particular place

鋼鐵生產本身其實與任何特定的地方都沒有內在的聯繫。

It can be done anywhere, all you need is raw materials

它可以在任何地方進行，你所需要的只是原材料

What made this place important is geology and geography

使這個地方變得重要的是地質學和地理學

Geology in the sense that we have access to raw materials such as iron

地質學的意義在於，我們可以獲得鐵等原材料。

But the main thing that made this

但主要的是，使這個

different was the route between here and the continent

這裡和大陸之間的路線是不同的

Between here and Sweden - the access to Swedish bar iron which is

在這裡和瑞典之間--獲得瑞典的棒狀鐵，這是

an incredibly pure form of iron

一種非常純淨的鐵質形式

So it was Swedish iron that was used

是以，所使用的是瑞典的鐵。

and turned into steel here, not English iron?

並在這裡變成了鋼，而不是英國的鐵？

No, the British iron from around here was high in phosphorus

不，這附近的英國鐵器含磷量很高

Swedish iron was incredibly pure

瑞典的鐵是令人難以置信的純淨

How important was Derwentcote then within the steel production of the

德溫特科特在當時的鋼鐵生產中是多麼重要。

greater area of the North East?

東北部的更大區域？

Derwentcote was one of many many manufacturers around here

德文特是這裡眾多眾多製造商中的一個

but it was the development of this

但正是這種發展

sort of process that lasted a long time at Derwentcote

在德溫特持續了很長時間的那種過程

But the valley itself, the Derwent valley, at one point was the biggest iron works in Europe

但山谷本身，即德溫特山谷，曾一度是歐洲最大的鋼鐵廠。

Over 50 percent of all the iron produced in the country in the 18th century

在18世紀，全國生產的所有鐵器中，有50%以上都是鐵。

was produced in this valley. It was just a hotbed of furnaces

是在這個山谷裡生產的。它只是一個熔爐的溫床

and steam and iron and smoke

和蒸汽、鐵和煙

It would have been an incredible place to be

這將是一個令人難以置信的地方

Absolutely yeah it's very hard to

絕對是的，這很難

imagine that when you're walking around here now

想象一下，當你現在在這裡走動時

Were there other furnaces similar to this in other parts of the country?

在該國的其他地區是否還有類似的爐子？

Sheffield is the main protagonist but somebody - probably a disgruntled employee

謝菲爾德是主角，但有人--可能是一個不滿的僱員

snuck off down to Sheffield and took the ideas

偷偷溜到謝菲爾德，並採取了一些想法

It wasn't the process itself, it was the technical bits in between that made the difference

這不是過程本身，而是中間的技術部分造成的差異。

The people move to where the opportunities lay.

人們向機會所在的地方移動。

It's an evolutionary process in a way

這在某種程度上是一個進化的過程

The process of producing steel by this method

用這種方法生產鋼鐵的過程

had been practiced for hundreds of years, but not on this scale.

已經實行了數百年，但沒有達到如此規模。

How big an employer was this steel furnace? Who was working here?

這個鍊鋼爐是多大的一個僱主？誰在這裡工作？

To run this, it would take you and that'll be it.

要運行這個，它將需要你，這將是它。

So it's a one-man job or possibly a two man job

所以這是一個人的工作，也可能是兩個人的工作。

And that was it then?

就這樣了？

The whole process from start to finish would be a vast employer

從開始到結束的整個過程將是一個巨大的僱主

Making chains, making anchors - here they were making billets of steel

製造鏈條，製造錨--在這裡他們正在製造鋼坯。

They're not taking this and finishing stuff off.

他們不是在拿這個東西，而是在完成東西。

They're producing a product, then giving to somebody else.

他們正在生產一種產品，然後給別人。

It was the bigger plants where they're doing everything

這是更大的工廠，他們正在做所有的事情。

They took it from raw materials to finished product and it was this hive of activity

他們把它從原材料帶到成品，它是這個活動的巢穴。

But of course unfortunately by 1890 this place has gone, finished.

但當然不幸的是，到了1890年，這個地方已經消失了，完蛋了。

The furnace had gone out, quite literally

爐子已經熄滅了，很明顯地

The next evolution of the whole place was a road was driven through the forge

整個地方的下一個演變是，一條道路被開到了鍛造廠。

to furnish a drift mine, a coal mine

提供一個漂流礦，一個煤礦

That's all gone. Now we've got a valley

這一切都過去了。現在我們有了一個山谷

When did English Heritage take guardianship of the Derwentcote Steel Furnace?

英國遺產局何時開始監護德溫特克特鋼爐？

And what condition was it in at the time?

當時的情況又是怎樣的？

It was taken into guardianship in 1985

它於1985年被納入監護範圍

and it was in pretty poor condition. But it was also the rest of the

而且它的狀況相當糟糕。但這也是其餘的

landscape that's also a scheduled monument

景觀，也是一個預定的紀念物

It's been afforded a level of protection by the state as well

它也被國家賦予了一定程度的保護。

And so what about the work that's required here at Derwentcote in order to

那麼德文特這裡需要的工作是什麼，以便

preserve this for future generations to come and enjoy and to learn about our industrial past?

為後代保留這一點，讓他們來享受並瞭解我們的工業歷史？

It's not a sort of building that's going to fade away quite quickly.

這不是一種會很快消逝的建築。

It's a huge substantial piece of masonry

這是一塊巨大的實質性磚石

The main thing you've got to do with this place is keep the water out

在這個地方，你要做的主要事情是不讓水進入。

Keep it dry and it'll last forever.

保持乾燥，它將永遠持續下去。

Well I hope so because it's a really exciting part of our history and it's great to come

我希望如此，因為這是我們歷史上一個非常激動人心的部分，能來這裡很好。

and learn more about it from you today, Mark.

並在今天向你瞭解更多情況，馬克。

- Thank you so much - My pleasure

- 非常感謝你 - 我的榮幸

From a distance this site may seem barely worthy of note

從遠處看，這個網站可能幾乎不值得注意

But as we've learned today, it's a hidden gem

但正如我們今天所瞭解的，它是一個隱藏的寶石

in the local, the national and the international story of steel production

在地方、國家和國際的鋼鐵生產故事中的作用

It's also early proof that the north of England would play a

這也提前證明了英格蘭北部將發揮的作用。

key role in the Industrial Revolution and that England

在工業革命中發揮了關鍵作用，英國

as a whole would be swept up in a pioneering period of manufacturing and industrialisation

整個國家將被捲入一個製造業和工業化的開拓時期

The area around Derwentcote Steel Furnace

德溫科特鋼爐周圍地區

is open all year round and the furnace itself is open on special days

全年開放，爐子本身也在特殊的日子裡開放。

To find out more, check the English Heritage website

要了解更多資訊，請查看英國遺產網站