Joining me this morning is Catherine. Hi Catherine.

今天早上加入我的行列的是凱瑟琳。嗨，凱瑟琳。

Hello Tom. Hello everybody. Yes, there is a new report which is asking

你好，湯姆。大家好。是的，有一份新的報告，它要求

if the health of Olympic athletes is at risk because of climate change.

如果奧林匹克運動員的健康因氣候變化而受到威脅。

And don't forget – if you want to test yourself on today's language,

而且別忘了--如果你想用今天的語言來測試自己。

we have a quiz at the website bbclearningenglish.com.

我們在bbclearningenglish.com網站上有一個測驗。

Now, let's hear more about this story from a BBC News report:

現在，讓我們從BBC新聞的報道中聽到更多關於這個故事的資訊。

Yes, there's a new report out about the effects of climate change

是的，有一份關於氣候變化影響的新報告出來了

on the health of Olympic athletes.

關於奧林匹克運動員的健康。

Now, it turns out that the temperature has risen in Tokyo

現在，事實證明，東京的溫度已經上升了

three times as much as it has in other places around the world.

是世界上其他地方的三倍。

This causes extreme heat,

這導致了極度的熱。

which the report says will put the health of Olympic athletes at risk.

報告稱，這將使奧運會運動員的健康受到威脅。

OK. And we've got three words and expressions that

好的。我們有三個詞和表達方式，即

our audience can use to talk about this story today, right?

我們的聽眾今天可以用它來談論這個故事，對嗎？

Right! We have: 'mean', 'tame' and 'adversely'.

對!我們有。'卑鄙'、'馴服'和'不利'。

'Mean', 'tame', 'adversely'.

'卑鄙'、'馴服'、'逆來順受'。

Catherine, let's have a look at your first piece of language please.

凱瑟琳，請讓我們看看你的第一篇語言。

Yes, we're in the United States. We are looking at part of the

是的，我們在美國。我們正在研究部分

story and it goes like this – from Newswise:

故事是這樣的--來自Newswise。

'Mean' – average. What can you tell us about 'mean', Catherine?

'平均'--平均。關於'平均'，你能告訴我們什麼，凱瑟琳？

OK. I'm actually not going to tell you, Tom,

好的。其實我不打算告訴你，湯姆。

because I don't like you very much...

因為我不太喜歡你......

What do you 'mean'?? That's a bit 'mean'!

你的 "意思 "是什麼？這有點'卑鄙'!

  Mean, mean, mean, mean, mean!

卑鄙，卑鄙，卑鄙，卑鄙，卑鄙!

OK. So, there's clearly a lot of 'meanings' of this word 'mean'.

好的。所以，這個 "意思 "一詞顯然有很多 "意思"。

This word 'mean' represents many things.

這個詞 "平均 "代表了很多東西。

What does it represent here, Catherine?

它在這裡代表什麼，凱瑟琳？

OK. Today we're looking at 'mean' in a mathematical sense.

好的。今天我們要看的是數學意義上的 "平均值"。

'Mean' is a mathematical term and it means average.

平均值 "是一個數學術語，它意味著平均。

Average. OK. And here it's an adjective, right?

平均值。好的。而這裡是一個形容詞，對嗎？

Because we're talking about the 'mean annual temperature'

因為我們談論的是 "年平均溫度"。

or the 'average annual temperatures'.

或 "年平均溫度"。

Yes, it's an adjective, spelt: M-E-A-N.

是的，它是一個形容詞，拼寫。M-E-A-N。

And we can also use it as a noun. You can talk about 'the mean',

我們也可以把它作為一個名詞使用。你可以談論 "平均值"。

which means the average. So, what's all this average about?

這意味著平均數。那麼，這些平均數是怎麼回事呢？

Well, let's give you a demonstration with Rob and his biscuit consumption.

好吧，讓我們用羅布和他的餅乾消費給你做個示範。

I was measuring his biscuit consumption. I did an observation

我在測量他的餅乾消耗量。我做了一個觀察

study of him and I discovered that on Monday he ate five biscuits,

對他的研究，我發現在星期一他吃了五塊餅乾。

on Tuesday he ate four biscuits and on Wednesday he ate three biscuits.

星期二他吃了四塊餅乾，星期三他吃了三塊餅乾。

So, that's twelve biscuits total, right?

那麼，總共有12塊餅乾，對嗎？

Yes, but I divided that by the number of days that I was doing my study on,

是的，但是我把它除以我做研究的天數。

and that makes an average, or a 'mean', of four biscuits:

這使得平均數，或 "平均數"，為四塊餅乾。

his daily consumption was a 'mean' four biscuits.

他每天的消費是 "平均 "四塊餅乾。

So, the 'mean' value is four, or the average value is four.

所以，"平均值 "是四，或者說平均值是四。

Or we could just say, 'The mean is four.' Cool, OK.

或者我們可以直接說，'平均數是4'。酷，好的。

I mean, this is all good, this mathematical talk,

我的意思是，這都是好事，這種數學上的談論。

but why is it important that people know this?

但為什麼人們必須知道這些呢？

Well, it's important if you're studying mathematics or if you're,

好吧，如果你是學習數學的，或者如果你是。

you know, working in that field, the word 'mean' is used frequently.

你知道，在這個領域工作，"卑鄙 "這個詞被頻繁使用。

Average is your everyday English term.

平均是你的日常英語術語。

It's good to know both of them because you will see both

瞭解這兩個人是很好的，因為你會看到這兩個人。

terminologies, and also if you're doing an exam such as IELTS,

術語，以及如果你正在進行雅思等考試。

it's good to show off your English and ensure that you know these words.

炫耀你的英語並確保你知道這些單詞是件好事。

You can show off that you know all the 'meanings' of the word 'mean',

你可以炫耀你知道 "意思 "一詞的所有 "含義"。

if you know what I 'mean'. OK. Let's...

如果你知道我的'意思'。好吧。讓我們...

Thank you very much, Catherine. Let's move onto our summary slide please:

非常感謝你，凱瑟琳。讓我們轉到我們的摘要幻燈片，請。

So, we've seen that 'mean' can have many meanings,

是以，我們已經看到，"平均 "可以有很多含義。

but sometimes people can have many meanings as well.

但有時人也可以有很多含義。

Phil, my colleague, did a show about this, right Catherine?

菲爾，我的同事，做了一個關於這個的節目，對嗎凱瑟琳？

He did, because it turns out that people don't always 'mean' what

他做到了，因為事實證明，人們並不總是 "意味著 "什麼。

you think they 'mean', so he did a show called What They Really Mean.

你認為他們的 "意思"，所以他做了一個叫做 "他們真正的意思 "的節目。

And you can find out what they really mean by clicking the link.

而你可以通過點擊鏈接來了解它們的真正含義。

OK. Wonderful. Right, great! Catherine,

好的。很好。對，很好!凱瑟琳。

let's have a look at your second piece of language today please.

請讓我們看看你今天的第二段話。

Yes, we're in the Daily Mail here in the UK now – the headline:

是的，我們現在在英國的《每日郵報》上--頭條。

It's actually quite a long headline;

這其實是一個相當長的標題。

I've just given you the first half there.

我剛剛給你的是前半部分。

Fantastic. OK. So, 'tame' – control something that was once wild.

太棒了。好的。是以，"馴服"--控制曾經是野生的東西。

What can you tell us about this word, Catherine?

關於這個詞，你能告訴我們什麼，凱瑟琳？

OK. So, it's a verb: 'to tame' – T-A-M-E.

好的。所以，它是一個動詞："馴服" - T-A-M-E。

And we often use this when we mean to control or domesticate a wild animal.

當我們想控制或馴化一隻野生動物時，我們經常使用這個詞。

...OK. Can you... so, 'tame' is to make something that was wild,

...好的。你能不能......所以，'馴服'是指讓原來野生的東西。

sort of, controllable; can you give us an example of this?

樣的，可控的；你能給我們一個例子嗎？

Well, I can actually. Funnily enough,

嗯，實際上我可以。有趣的是。

there was a bird who used to live in the garden,

有一隻鳥，以前住在花園裡。

but it started coming into the house and it became, kind of,

但它開始進入房子，它變得，有點。

more and more used to humans, and in the end this bird lived in the house.

越來越習慣於人類，最後這隻鳥住進了房子。

It was a wild bird – a blackbird.

那是一隻野鳥--一隻黑鳥。

It ate with the family, it slept in the house, it was actually, you know,

它和家人一起吃飯，在家裡睡覺，它實際上是，你知道。

living with us and lost its fear of humans. So, it was pretty 'tame'.

與我們一起生活，它失去了對人類的恐懼。是以，它是相當 "溫順 "的。

A 'tame' bird.

一隻 "馴服的 "鳥。

So, an animal can 'be tame'; or to make an animal 'tame',

是以，動物可以 "被馴服"；或使動物 "被馴服"。

we need 'to tame' it. Are there any other ways that we can use this word?

我們需要 "馴服 "它。我們還有什麼其他的方法可以使用這個詞嗎？

Well, it's not just for animals; it's for anything that's,

好吧，這不僅僅是針對動物，也是針對任何東西的。

kind of, hard to control and then you get it under control. So,

種，很難控制，然後你就能控制住了。所以。

a lot of us have had problems with our lockdown hair, haven't we Tom?

我們很多人都有過鎖發的問題，不是嗎，湯姆？

I don't know what you mean, Catherine...!

我不知道你是什麼意思，凱瑟琳......!

Getting wilder and wilder. And we've had...

變得越來越狂野。而我們已經有...

you know, we have to 'tame' our wild and crazy hair.

你知道，我們必須 "馴服 "我們的狂野和瘋狂的頭髮。

That's one way: you often talk about 'taming' hair.

這是一種方法：你經常說要 "馴服 "頭髮。

You can 'tame' a toddler or a child, you know. We don't actually –

你可以 "馴服 "一個幼兒或兒童，你知道。我們實際上並沒有---

kind of, you know – do anything; it's more a case of socialising.

你知道的，做任何事情；這更像是一個社交的案例。

So, we can use it in anything that's a little bit out of control:

是以，我們可以把它用在任何有點失控的地方。

you can use the word 'to tame' to bring something under control.

你可以用 "馴服 "這個詞來控制某些東西。

So, something that's not wild is 'tame', and you can also use this

是以，非野生的東西是'馴服的'，你也可以使用這個

in a negative way, can't you? Like if something's not very exciting.

在一個消極的方式，你不能嗎？比如說，如果有些東西不是很刺激。

Yeah, you can. You know, if you go to the

是的，你可以。你知道，如果你去

cinema and you're expecting a really exciting action film,

在電影院，你期待著一部真正令人興奮的動作片。

and it's actually not that exciting – the effects aren't that good,

而且它實際上並不那麼令人興奮--效果並不那麼好。

the action's a bit underwhelming, a bit boring –

行動有點不盡人意，有點無聊 --

you can say: 'Well, that was a bit tame.'

你可以說：'好吧，那是有點溫順。

A bit 'tame', right? OK. Great.

有點 "溫順"，對嗎？好吧。很好。

So, hopefully you guys aren't finding this episode of

是以，希望你們沒有發現這一集的

News Review a bit 'tame'... No, it's wild!

新聞評論有點 "溫順"......不，它很狂野!

And to make sure of that, let's move on to our next slide:

為了確保這一點，讓我們繼續看下一張幻燈片。

OK. We were just talking about animals that live with humans.

好的。我們只是在談論與人類一起生活的動物。

We have an episode of Lingohack,

我們有一集Lingohack。

which addresses some problems to do with this, right Catherine?

這解決了一些與此有關的問題，對嗎，凱瑟琳？

Yes, it's all about the trade in baby elephants between zoos,

是的，這都是關於動物園之間的小象交易。

and to find out more about that story just click the link.

並想了解更多關於這個故事的資訊，請點擊鏈接。

Great. OK. Let's have a look at that next article please.

很好。好的。請讓我們看看下一篇文章。

Yes, we're in the United States now, with CNN.

是的，我們現在在美國，和CNN一起。

We have a snippet from an article and it goes like this:

我們有一篇文章的片段，它是這樣的。

'Adversely' – negatively.

'不利的'--消極的。

Catherine, what can you tell us about 'adversely'?

凱瑟琳，你能告訴我們關於'不利'的情況嗎？

OK. Well, we spell it: A-D-V-E-R-S-E-L-Y.

好的。好吧，我們拼寫它。a-d-v-e-r-s-e-l-y。

It's an adverb and it means the same as negatively.

這是一個副詞，和否定的意思一樣。

If something's 'adversely' affected or 'adversely' impacted,

如果某樣東西受到了'不利'的影響或'不良'的影響。

it's negatively impacted or affected.

它受到了負面影響或影響。

So, the athletes... So, what this sentence is saying is that the

所以，運動員們...所以，這句話的意思是說

athletes in Tokyo could be negatively affected by the heat, right?

東京的運動員們可能會受到高溫的負面影響，對嗎？

Yes... exactly. Bad things will happen as a result of the heat.

是的......沒錯。糟糕的事情會因為高溫而發生。

So, they could experience 'adverse' effects, right?

是以，他們可能會經歷 "不良 "影響，對嗎？

That's right, yes: 'adverse' effects.

沒錯，是的："不良 "影響。

Yes, and we also – that's the adjective form: A-D-V-E-R-S-E.

是的，而且我們也--那是形容詞的形式。A-D-V-E-R-S-E。

We have a noun form: 'adversity',

我們有一個名詞形式。'逆境'。

which is... it means negativity.

這就是......它意味著消極。

Negativity, yes.

消極性，是的。

So, I suppose if the athletes in the Olympics are met with 'adversity',

所以，我想如果奧運會上的運動員遇到了'逆境'。

it means – kind of – negativity or negative conditions.

它的意思是--有點--消極性或消極的條件。

Definitely, yes. And that's a very nice little fixed phrase:

當然，是的。而這是一個非常好的小固定句式。

'to be met with adversity' means to experience negative conditions.

遭遇逆境'是指經歷消極的條件。

And we do have one other noun form,

而我們確實有一個其他的名詞形式。

right, which can be used to describe a person.

右，可以用來描述一個人。

Yes, 'adversary': somebody who is your opponent,

是的，"對手"：某人是你的對手。

either in a competition or just generally something who you...

無論是在比賽中還是在一般情況下，都是你...

somebody who you're always, kind of, up against – competing with.

某個你一直在對抗的人--與之競爭。

Adversary – your opponent.

敵人 - 你的對手。

So, one of my British sporting heroes, Tyson Fury, the boxer –

是以，我的英國體育英雄之一，泰森-弗瑞，拳擊手--

he would go in the ring to compete against his adversary – his opponent.

他將走上擂臺，與他的對手--他的對手競爭。

Yes... Good example. Great. OK.

是的...好例子。很好。好的。

Now, before we 'adversely' affect this broadcast,

現在，在我們對這個廣播產生'不利'影響之前。

let's take a look at our summary slide please:

讓我們看看我們的摘要幻燈片，請。

Wonderful. Catherine, can you recap today's vocabulary for us please?

很好。凱瑟琳，你能為我們回顧一下今天的詞彙嗎？

Of course. We had: 'mean' – average.

當然了。我們有。'平均'--平均。

'Tame' – control something which was once wild.

馴服'--控制曾經是野生的東西。

And 'adversely', which means negatively.

還有'不利'，意思是負面的。

OK. Don't forget – if you want to test yourself on today's vocabulary,

好的。不要忘記--如果你想測試自己今天的詞彙量。

we have a quiz at the website, which is bbclearningenglish.com,

我們在網站上有一個測驗，也就是bbclearningenglish.com。

and I'm sure you know that we are all over social

我相信你知道，我們都是在社會上

media as well, so do get in touch. That's it from us today.

媒體也是如此，所以請與我們聯繫。我們今天的工作就到此為止。

Thanks for joining us and goodbye.

謝謝你加入我們，再見。

Goodbye!

再見!