and then the rest of my beard

然後是我剩下的鬍鬚

eventually followed about five years later.

大約五年後，最終跟進。

One of the puzzles of human evolution

人類進化的困惑之一

is why men in some populations have kept their facial hair

是一些人群中的男性保持其面部毛髮的原因。

when we've lost the hair on the rest of our bodies.

當我們身體其他部位的毛髮都已脫落。

Now normally when we're trying to explain a trait

現在，通常當我們試圖解釋一個特質時

that doesn't have any clear survival benefit

沒有任何明顯的生存益處

we ask whether it can help attract a mate

我們問它是否能幫助吸引配偶

but actually beards don't seem to be important to women in general.

但實際上鬍鬚對一般女性來說似乎並不重要。

What we do find is that beards can help men look more dominant

我們確實發現，鬍鬚可以幫助男人看起來更有統治力

and that suggest that it ties into male-male competition.

並表明它與男性-男性競爭有關。

My beard makes me feel more masculine

我的鬍鬚讓我感覺更有男子氣概

and it makes me want to take on the world

這讓我想向世界挑戰。

and people respond to me in a very, very positive manner

人們以非常、非常積極的方式迴應我

when I have a beard.

當我有鬍子的時候。

I'm not sure it makes me feel more of a man, it makes me feel more like me.

我不確定它是否讓我覺得自己更像個男人，它讓我覺得更像我。

It helped me feel, I would say, older or more close to my age

我想說的是，它幫助我感覺到了自己的年齡，或更接近自己的年齡。

because I look quite young

因為我看起來很年輕

and it helped me to look more of a mature adult.

它幫助我看起來更像一個成熟的成年人。

A light beard can exaggerate and emphasise the jawline

淡淡的鬍鬚可以誇張和強調下巴的線條

which is a key feature of male facial masculinity.

這是男性面部陽剛之氣的一個重要特徵。

So a baby-faced man

所以一個娃娃臉的人

can make himself look older and more dominant by growing a beard

可以通過留鬍子使自己看起來更老，更有主見

but there's evidence that a man with a highly masculinised,

但有證據表明，一個具有高度男性化的男人。

dominant looking bone structure can actually soften that

看上去很有優勢的骨骼結構實際上可以軟化這一點。

and look more caring by growing a fuller beard.

並通過長出更飽滿的鬍鬚而顯得更有愛心。

The recent resurgence in Victorian aesthetics

最近維多利亞時代美學的重新興起

is particularly interesting

是特別有趣的

because it's been argued the Victorians

因為有人認為，維多利亞人

were reacting to earlier fashions and the industrial revolution

是對早期時尚和工業革命的反應。

by asserting a very strong, natural form of masculinity -

通過宣稱一種非常強烈的、自然的陽剛之氣 --

including full beards as a sign of vigour and strength.

包括滿臉的鬍鬚，作為活力和力量的標誌。

I like my beard because it's smart, it's fashionable and it's trendy.

我喜歡我的鬍子，因為它很聰明，很時尚，很潮流。

Of course beards can be subject to fashion.

當然，鬍鬚也會受制於時尚。

Just like any fashion, there's scope for individual self-expression.

就像任何時尚一樣，有個人自我表達的空間。

So keeping your beard well-groomed and glossy,

是以，要保持你的鬍鬚有良好的修飾和光澤度。

maybe styled in a particular way,

也許是以一種特殊的方式進行造型。

just like polishing your shoes or choosing particular clothes,

就像擦亮你的鞋子或選擇特定的衣服。

can say something about who you are and what you want others to see.

可以說明你是誰以及你希望別人看到什麼。

Not so much I wanted to grow my beard, it was mainly me being lazy.

與其說我想留鬍子，不如說主要是我在偷懶。

I just wake up, kind wash it with a flannel and that's about it.

我只是醒來後，用法蘭絨洗一下，就這樣了。

I've been wanting to grow a beard for a very long time

我想留鬍子已經有很長一段時間了。

and it compliments my face.

而且，它與我的臉相得益彰。

Facial and head hair

面部和頭部毛髮

can be used to mark out groups within a particular population.

可用於標記出特定人群中的群體。

Now different traditions had different specific rules

現在，不同的傳統有不同的具體規則

but what they all did was use hair as a way to mark themselves out

但他們所做的都是用頭髮作為標記自己的一種方式。

as distinct and different.

作為不同的和不同的。

Now today people can still use their hair

現在，今天人們仍然可以用他們的頭髮

as a way of demonstrating their piety.

以此來顯示他們的虔誠。

Each tradition will have their own narrative

每個傳統都會有他們自己的敘述

about why keeping or shaving their hair is important,

關於為什麼保留或剃除他們的頭髮是重要的。

but what they all have in common

但他們都有一個共同的特點

is the use of hair to make a visible statement about group identity -

是用頭髮來表達對群體身份的明顯聲明------。

about who they are and who they aren't.

關於他們是誰和他們不是誰。

I went to Hajj, and I came back,

我去了朝聖，然後回來了。

and for spiritual reasons I decided to keep the beard.

而出於精神上的原因，我決定保留鬍鬚。

"As the beard gets whiter you get more wiser,"

"隨著鬍子的變白，你會變得更有智慧。"

it's a saying, you get more wisdom.

這是一個說法，你會得到更多的智慧。

I like the length and the colour and the way it waves in the wind.

我喜歡它的長度和顏色，以及它在風中揮舞的方式。

People love to compliment my beard as well, so I'm really happy with it.

人們也喜歡讚美我的鬍子，所以我真的很高興。

Costly signalling theory is the principle that anything in nature

昂貴的信號理論是指自然界中的任何東西

which requires an investment of time or energy

需要投入時間或精力的

can be used to indicate an underlying strength.

可以用來表示一種基本的力量。

Now we can see this play out on the social level as well.

現在我們可以看到這一點在社會層面上也得到了發揮。

Growing a long beard takes a considerable amount of time,

蓄長鬍須需要相當長的時間。

maintaining a beard requires time and effort

保持鬍鬚需要時間和精力

and that time spent can be used as a visible symbol of commitment

而花費的時間可以作為承諾的明顯象徵

to the group or to the ideology.

對團體或意識形態的影響。

I don't do a great deal of maintenance on my beard,

我沒有對我的鬍鬚做大量的維護。

I often mean to.

我常常是有意為之。

But because sometimes I garden

但因為有時我的花園

I forget and come home with a bird stuck in it.

我忘記了，回家時發現一隻鳥卡在裡面。

It almost changes my character. I feel like I'm someone different.

它幾乎改變了我的性格。我覺得我是一個不同的人。

I feel more of a man, I feel older.

我覺得自己更像一個男人，我覺得自己更老了。

It ages me. But I can at least pretend I'm wiser.

它使我變老。但我至少可以假裝我更聰明。