Name: 世界上最大的郵輪是怎麼處理垃圾的？（How Waste Is Dealt With On The World's Largest Cruise Ship）
Uploaded: 2021-11-27T21:01:20.000Z
Duration: 5 min 43 s

情態副詞

This cruise ship is basically a floating city.

郵輪基本上就是一座飄在海上的城市。

程度副詞

And just like in a normal city, all its residents produce a lot of trash.

而就像普通的城市一樣，住在上面的居民們也會產生一大堆的垃圾。

But there aren't any garbage trucks here to scoop it up and take it away.

但這裡可沒有每天會來把垃圾運走的垃圾車。

畢竟很顯然的，這可是在海上。

And since waste can't and shouldn't just be dumped in the ocean, well, what do cruise ships do with all of it?

而既然垃圾不能也不應該就這樣被直接丟到海裡，那麼郵輪究竟該怎麼處理垃圾呢？

This is something the industry's been dealing with for years.

這是郵輪業界多年以來一直面對著的問題。

Carnival cruise line is coming clean about polluting oceans.

嘉年華郵輪公司正想擺脫汙染海洋的汙名。

Princess Cruises was fined $40 million in 2016 for illegal dumping, and Carnival got hit with a $20 million fine in 2019 for disposing of plastic waste in the ocean.

公主郵輪公司在 2016 年時因為非法傾倒垃圾而被開罰了四千萬美元，嘉年華郵輪公司則在 2019 年因為丟棄塑膠垃圾至海中而被開罰兩千萬美元。

Carnival Corporation's issues really brought the need for better technology so that these ships can operate more efficiently.

嘉年華公司的案例實實在在地凸顯出運用更好的技術的必要性，讓郵輪能夠更有效率的運作。

Cruise lines have been working on systems to purify water and deal with waste inside ships.

郵輪公司們正在研發能夠在船隻內部淨化廢水與處理垃圾的各種系統。

Up until now, these types of options weren't available.

直到不久之前，市面上還沒有可供使用的選擇。

All this new tech was built into Royal Caribbean's largest and newest ship, Symphony of the Seas.

而現在這些新科技都被運用在了皇家加勒比郵輪公司最大也最新的遊輪：海洋交響號上。

The company says it's a zero-landfill ship, which means it uses everything from recycling to water filtration to deal with its own waste.

該公司宣稱這是艘零掩埋郵輪，意思是它運用了從垃圾回收到廢水濾鏡等各種技術，來處理船上產生的垃圾。

And this guy's in charge of making sure no single water bottle is unaccounted for.

而這位仁兄則負責確保船上的每一個礦泉水寶特瓶都有被好好回收。

We're down on deck two, a secret, crew-only area of the ship.

我們現在人在第二層甲板上，而這在郵輪上是個隱密且只有船員才能進入的地方。

Crew members check all the ship's trash cans for recyclables and bring them down here for Alex's team to handle.

船員們會檢查船上的垃圾桶裡有沒有可回收的垃圾，然後帶過來給 Alex 的團隊處理。

Despite being the only waste facility on this massive ship, it's surprisingly quiet.

雖然這裡是這艘巨大郵輪中唯一個垃圾處理場，但裡頭卻出奇地安靜。

Alex said the busiest time is in the morning, when things are unpackaged for the day.

Alex 說早晨是最忙碌的時候，因為許多貨品會在早上拆開包裝。

這張圖描繪了我們的垃圾分流方法。

Every waste stream has its own way of handling it.

每一種垃圾都被分流，並被個別處理完成。

There are separate teams to deal with each incoming recyclable: glass, cardboard, plastic, and metal.

不同的回收物有著分別的團隊個別處理，其中包括玻璃、厚紙板、塑膠和金屬。

This is our incinerator room. So, we have two incinerators, one and two.

這是我們的焚化爐。我們有一號和二號兩個焚化爐。

這個區域每天 24 小時都有人駐守。

We have ten crew members who are working here, five in the morning and five in the evening.

我們總共有十名船員在這裡工作，五位負責早班，五位負責晚班。

Crew members separate glass into colors: green, brown, and white.

船員們會將玻璃依照綠色、棕色和透明的顏色分類。

This is the byproduct of it after we crush it.

這是我們把玻璃粉碎之後的副產物。

They can process upwards of 13,000 pounds of glass for a weeklong cruise.

他們在持續一個星期的郵輪航程中可以處理高達 13,000 磅的玻璃。

All the small glass pieces are stored in bins until the ship docks.

所有細碎的玻璃殘渣會被收到桶子裡，直到郵輪靠港為止。

Plastic goes through this massive compactor.

塑膠則會經過這個巨大的壓縮機打碎。

Even though the ship's gotten rid of plastic straws, it still relies on bottled water because, for health and safety reasons, no cruise ship is allowed to have water fountains.

雖然船上已經不再使用塑膠吸管，但仍相當倚重寶特瓶裝的礦泉水，因為基於衛生與安全考量，郵輪被禁止在船上安裝飲水機。

So, every week, they crush about 528 gallons of water bottles.

因此每個禮拜他們得壓碎 528 加侖的寶特瓶。

We are compacting the cardboard over there.

Throughout the day, cardboard is stacked up in this machine, called a baler.

在一天的過程中，厚紙板被堆在這個叫做打包機的機器裡。

Once it's full, it's all compressed into bundles.

機器滿的之後，就會將厚紙板壓成一綑一綑的。

And used aluminum cans, well, they're sent through this baler.

廢棄的鋁罐則被送到另一個打包機中。

The machine squeezes them down into big cubes, which are then stored in a fridge just off the waste room.

機器會把他們壓成一個個大方塊，然後被存放到垃圾處理室旁邊的冰庫中。

This area is actually for the items that can produce smell, the garbage.

這個地方是用來放會產生出異味的垃圾的。

而這種異味不處理的話可會變得相當可怕。

The waste is stored for up to seven days at a time, until the ship docks back in Miami, where all the plastic, aluminum, paper, and glass go to recycling partner facilities.

船上最多要累積七天份的垃圾直到停泊在邁阿密的港口為止，而屆時所有的塑膠、鋁罐、紙類與玻璃都會被送到合作的回收處理廠去。

In 2018, Royal Caribbean recycled 43.7 million pounds of waste.

在 2018 年時，皇家加勒比郵輪公司回收了四億三千七百萬磅的垃圾。

And any rebates earned from these recycling programs go back to the employee retirement fund.

而將這些廢棄物回收所賺來的錢，都將會存到員工的退休基金中。

The cruise line is hoping that it's a nice incentive for employees to bring recycling down from their own crew cabins.

郵輪公司希望能藉此來鼓勵員工把員工船艙內的垃圾也拿來回收。

So, what about things that can't get recycled? For example, food.

可是像是廚餘之類沒有辦法回收的垃圾該怎麼辦呢？

Every week, the ship loads up 600,000 pounds of provisions.

每個星期船上都會裝載 600,000 磅的食物。

But for the food that's not eaten, well, the company had to figure out how to get rid of all of that, too.

但如果食物沒被吃掉的話，公司總得想個辦法把它們給處理掉。

Each one of the ship's restaurants and 36 kitchens has its own suction drain.

每個船上的餐廳以及 36 個廚房都各自有著專屬的廚餘排水口。

Chefs and waiters keep food scraps in separate buckets.

大廚與服務生們會把廚餘放到分開的桶子裡。

Then, once they've gotten enough, they place it all in this special drain.

在累積到足夠的量之後，他們便會把桶子裡的東西到進排水口裡。

All the food waste ends up in one big pipe that runs through the entire ship.

所有的廚餘最後都會通過一個貫穿整個郵輪的大型管道。

And that pipe leads to what's known as the hydro-processor.

而那個管道最後則會引導到一個名為汙水處理器的地方。

Those pipes over there, so, this is where the food waste is passing through.

那邊的管道就是廚餘通過的地方。

This machine has a bunch of tiny layers of mesh to break down the food.

這個機器有著多層次的網狀結構，能將食物切得細碎。

It's being stored in our tank. We have two tanks of comminuted food waste.

處理後的結果就存放在儲存槽裡。我們有兩個粉碎廚餘儲存槽。

接著我們來談談如廁後的排泄物吧。

沒錯，我們要「追根究柢」了。

It's all a part of the water-treatment system on board, controlled from the engineering room.

排泄物的處理屬於船上汙水處理系統的一部份，全由這間工程室所控制。

All the wastewater that we are generating on board a ship is being collected. Nothing goes overboard unless we have run it through a treatment plant.

我們在船上所排放的汙水都會被收集起來。沒有任何未經過汙水處理廠處理過的汙水會排放出去。

Water is divided into two categories: gray water, from sinks, laundries, and drains, and black water.

汙水被分為兩個種類：從洗手台、洗衣機和排水孔收集到的灰水，以及黑水。

That includes everything from the galleys and your toilets, including your urine.

黑水包括了從廚房與廁所收集到的任何東西，包括你的尿液。

This is then being mixed together and run through the advanced wastewater-purification plant.

它們會在被混合之後，交給先進的汙水淨化設施處理。

The purification system purifies the water to a point above the US federal standard, which is almost safe to drink.

淨化系統會把汙水淨化到超過美國聯邦自來水標準的程度，也就是讓處理過的水幾乎可說是能被安全飲用。

And then it runs several filtration processes before it's being kept on board or it's being discharged overboard when we are at sea with a certain distance from land in order to meet the different local and international regulations.

接著這些水還會經過數次的過濾處理，然後被繼續存放在船上或是當我們距離陸地夠遠之後排放到大海中，如此一來才能符合當地或是國際的法規。

Anything that can't be recycled or reused on board goes to what's known as a waste-to-energy facility.

任何在船上無法被回收或再利用的垃圾會被丟進一個被稱為「垃圾轉能源」設施的地方。

Now, we didn't get to see it for ourselves, but Royal Caribbean said "heat or gas from the waste is collected and converted to energy."

雖然我們沒辦法親眼看到這個設施，但根據皇家加勒比海郵輪公司的說法，「從垃圾中排放出的熱能或沼氣會被收集後轉化為能源」。

It's definitely within their best interests to be the most environmentally friendly because it significantly can reduce the waste on board, the weight that they have to carry, the fuel usage, and it reduces their operational expenses as well.

盡可能地讓船隻變得更加環保對公司而言絕對也是符合利益的，因為他們能藉此減少船上的垃圾、降低需要乘載的重量、降低耗油量，還能減少他們的營運開銷。

And after one week at sea, the recycling gets cleared out, incoming provisions are brought on board, and the crew prepares the ship to start the process all over again.

在海上航行一個星期後，回收物便會被清空，新的一批食物被送上船，而船員們則準備好船上的設備，再次進行整個垃圾處理的循環。