It's an extremely popular drug that decreases specific neuronal excitation in your brain with biological byproducts that have a huge impact on your body.

這是一種很受歡迎的藥物，它會減少大腦中特定神經元的刺激，其產生的生物副產品對身體有巨大的影響。

So, if you're wanting to partake in a bevy, short for beverage, is there an ideal time for your physiology?

所以，如果你想喝一杯小飲料，是否有最理想的生理時間？

Is it better to day drink or drink at night?

白天喝酒好，還是晚上喝酒好？

When you drink a shot of vodka, 20% of the alcohol is absorbed by the stomach, 80% in the small intestine, where it goes into your bloodstream, then to your liver to be metabolized, ethanol gets into cells by passive diffusion.

當你喝下一杯伏特加時，20%的酒精會被胃吸收，80%的酒精從小腸進入血液，再流入肝臟進行代謝，乙醇透過被動擴散進入細胞。

So, the more you drink, the faster you get drunk, and when alcohol accumulates and finally gets to your brain, it suppresses the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, which causes information transfer in the brain to become slower, with only the largest signals making it through, you feel less, perceive less, notice less and remember less.

所以，喝得越多，醉得越快，而當酒精逐漸累積，最終到達大腦時，它會抑制 興奮性神經傳導物質穀氨酸，使大腦中的資訊傳輸變慢，只傳輸最大的訊號，你變得較不敏銳、感知降低、注意力和記憶力降低。

So, a check for drinking at night is that day drinking alcohol won't allow you to complete your daily tasks.

所以，投晚上喝酒一票，因為白天喝酒會讓你無法完成日常事務。

A check for day drinking is that we've been doing it for millions of years.

投給白天喝酒的原因是，我們幾百萬年以來一直都這麼做。

Known as the drunken monkey hypothesis, the only reason you're able to drink alcohol right now dates back to a gene mutation that occurred 10 million years ago in your ancestors.

這就是「醉猴假說」，人類會喝酒的起源可追溯至1000萬年前祖先的基因突變。

A monkey-looking eutherian mammal, which is the common ancestor to you and the chimpanzee, of course, had a mutation in their enzyme,

長的像猴子的真獸類哺乳動物，也就是人類和黑猩猩的共同祖先，體內的酶發生了突變。

Alcohol dehydrogenase, which made this enzyme 40 times more effective at metabolizing alcohol.

酒精去氫酶使酶代謝酒精的效率提高了40倍。

This specific mutation in the alcohol dehydrogenase meant that no longer would small amounts of alcohol be poisonous, but now, could be a viable energy source.

酒精去氫酶的突變意味著少量酒精不再具殺傷力，而是成為一種能量來源。

This hypothesis also recognizes that around 10 million years ago was when our common ancestor stopped living in the trees and began living on the ground.

這一假說也認為，大約在1000萬年前，我們的共同祖先不再生活在樹上，而開始在陸地上生活。

This new mutated alcohol metabolizing enzyme was beneficial as it made the copious amounts of fermenting fruit on the forest floor accessible as a new dietary niche.

這種新的變異酒精代謝酶是有益的，因為它使森林中大量發酵水果變成新的食品。

Essentially mutations sound bad, but sometimes they allow us humans to get absolutely sloshed, bro, and our ancestors were likely eating these fermented fruits during the day. They were also getting lots of new energy.

就本質而言，突變聽起來很糟，但它也能讓我們大喝，兄弟，而且我們的祖先應該是在白天吃發酵的水果。他們也因此得到新能量。

But... while drinking alcohol may increase your caloric energy and while day drinking you might be, like, kind of giddy, like, shots on the patio energy, like, woohoo... that will quickly go away and you'll become a lethargic afternoon mess, which kind of creates a check for drinking at night.

但是，雖然飲酒可能會增加能量，而且白天飲酒可能會讓你覺得飄飄然，在院子裡喝一杯的那種快感… 但這種感覺會很快消失，然後整個下午你會變得一團糟且昏昏欲睡，這樣聽起來好像應該投晚上飲酒一票。

Any excited extra version you feel while drinking is due to the suppression of brain firing in the prefrontal cortex.

喝酒時，你會變得特別興奮是因為前額葉皮層的大腦發射受到抑制。

This part of your brain controls your impulses and restraints behavior, therefore, alcohol suppressing this inhibitory part of your brain causes you to loosen up and become a bit more extroverted.

大腦的這個部分負責抑制衝動和約束行為，因此，當酒精壓抑大腦的控制功能時，你就會開始放鬆，變得比較外向。

For example, once, while drunk, I became very extroverted and invited everyone in my university residence into my tiny room to have a dance party, and while blasting Kesha's "this place's about to blow," the floor almost caved in, the cops were called, and I was fine for having an illegal rave.

例如，有一次喝醉後，我變得很外向，然後就邀請整個大學宿舍的人到我的小房間開派對，在播放 Kesha 的「this place's about to blow」時，地板都快塌陷了，警察也來了，而我則因為非法狂歡而被罰款。

But this drunk extra version won't last long due to your liver. In your liver is where the famous enzyme, alcohol dehydrogenase, lives and it breaks down the ethanol into acetaldehyde. The build up of acetaldehyde causes incoordination, memory problems and sleepiness.

但喝醉版的你不會維持太久，這與肝臟有關。肝臟中含有著名的酒精去氫酶，它將乙醇分解成乙醛。乙醛累積會導致協調性、記憶和睏倦的問題。

So, day drinking leads to these byproducts building up in your body during the day, causing you to lose coordination, forget things and become sedated.

所以，白天喝酒會使這些副產品在體內堆積，使你失去協調能力、健忘、變得鎮靜。

In fact, drinking during the day is related to higher injuries in sports, which seems a little obvious. All of this is a check for drinking at night.

事實上，白天喝酒與運動傷害有關，原因似乎很明顯。這些都是支持晚上喝酒的理由。

Perhaps the biggest point for day drinking, or rather, the point against night drinking is that it negatively affects your sleep.

也許，支持白天喝酒的主要原因，或者說反對晚上喝酒的原因是，它會對睡眠產生負面影響。

Since we now know that alcohol inhibits the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, when alcohol leaves your system, the brain kind of overcorrects and there's a rebound of glutamate, which leads to excitability and irritation.

我們現在知道酒精會抑制興奮性神經遞質穀氨酸，當酒精代謝後，大腦會矯枉過正，使穀氨酸出現反彈，引起興奮和刺激感

Drinking at night means this excitable rebound happens when you're trying to sleep.

在晚上喝酒意味著這種興奮的反彈會發生在試圖睡覺的時候。

This ends up dismantling your sleep through the night, cutting it up into tiny, little bits, and actually interrupting your sleep cycle in a way that a lot of people don't even realize it's happening. But you may be saying, but alcohol helps me get to sleep.

這會擾亂你整晚的睡眠，讓睡眠斷斷續續，以許多人沒有察覺的方式打斷睡眠週期。但你可能會說，酒精可以幫助我入睡。

But electrical brainwaves show that sleeping while intoxicated is not natural sleep.

但腦電波顯示，喝醉後睡覺不是自然睡眠。

It's more sedative, similar to anesthesia.

它的鎮靜作用更類似麻醉劑。

In fact, alcohol is one of the strongest sedatives of the integral REM sleep, the type of sleep which causes dreams.

事實上，酒精是整個快速動眼期最強的鎮靜劑之一，就是最常做夢的睡眠階段。

When the liver metabolizes alcohol,

肝臟代謝酒精

it produces ketones and aldehydes.

會產生酮和醛。

The aldehydes block the brainwaves needed to generate this powerful REM dream sleep, which can have astounding effects.

醛會阻斷產生這種快速動眼期做夢所需的腦電波，可以產生令人震驚的效果。

REM sleep is so essential for a lot of functions in your body and brain, including memory and association.

快速動眼期對身體和大腦的許多功能都很重要，包括記憶力和聯想力。

One study got a group of college students together to study them for a week.

有一項研究召集了一群大學生，進行為期一週的研究。

On day one, they learned a novel computer programming language or a new form of algebra.

第一天，他們學習了新的電腦程式或新的代數。

By the end of day one, they were tested and all had a proficiency of understanding around 90%. Over the coming week, a control group slept naturally.

第一天結束前，他們接受了測試，所有都有90%左右的理解和熟練度。接下來一周，對照組正常地睡覺。

A second group got a little drunk every night before bed on 2 to 3 shots of vodka, which was based on their body weight, and a third group slept naturally on day 1 to 2 and then had alcohol before bed, starting on day 3. 7 days later and they were all tested again.

第二組每晚睡前喝2到3杯伏特加，有點醉意，酒的量是根據體重定的；第三組前兩天正常睡覺，第三天睡前喝酒。7天後，再次接受了測試。

People in the control group without alcohol at night remembered everything they had learned and showed enhanced abstraction and retention of knowledge.

晚上不喝酒的對照組的人記得所有學習內容，並表現出更強的抽象性和對知識的記憶力。

The group who drank before bed since day one, forgot more than 50% of their knowledge, and the group that started drinking after day two, forgot around 40% of their knowledge.

第一晚睡前就開始喝酒的那一組，忘記超過50%的知識，而第二天過後開始喝酒的那一組則忘記了約40%的知識。

So, day drinking actually allows your body enough time to metabolize the alcohol so you can get a good sleep. A check for day drinking for sure.

所以，白天喝酒其時可以讓身體有足夠的時間代謝酒精，讓你擁有良好的睡眠。就這一點而言肯定支持白天喝酒。

Some people argue that day drinking a mimosa with the sweethearts, or knocking back a cold brewski with the boys, makes them feel better than having a dark whiskey on the rocks at night while talking about philosophy. But does the type of alcohol that you're drinking affect how you enjoy it?

有些人認為，白天和心愛的人喝含羞草雞尾酒，或和男孩喝冰鎮啤酒，比晚上邊談哲學邊喝加冰的深色威士忌更令人舒坦。但你喝的酒的種類會影響你享用它的方式嗎？

One survey found, individuals reported higher negative expectancies after drinking shots of distilled spirits and higher positive expectancies after drinking wine and beer.

一項調查發現，人在飲用蒸餾酒後的負向期望較高，而在飲用葡萄酒和啤酒後的正向期望較高。

Another study found that 29.8% of respondents reported feeling aggressive when drinking spirits.

另一項研究發現，29.8%的受訪者表示，喝烈酒時會比較有攻擊性。

Spirits is such a weird word for a type of alcohol.

用具有精神和烈酒之意的spirits形容酒精還真奇怪。

There is no physiological evidence the type of alcohol you are drinking affects your mood, but instead, it's how you perceive the alcohol will affect you that affects you.

沒有任何生理上的證據顯示，酒的類型會影響情緒，相反的，你對酒精的認知才會影響你。

A really important thing is your mood prior to starting to drink.

真正重要的是你在開始喝酒之前的心情。

It will be exacerbated by the effects of the alcohol.

它會因酒精的影響而加劇。

So, for example, if you're day drinking on a Sunday, and extremely anxious about having to work on the Monday, you're not going to enjoy your time. Whereas, if it's a Friday night, you're kicked back, you're done working and you're having a brew, that's going to be a bit more fun.

所以，舉例來說，如果你在週日白天喝酒，並對週一要工作感到很焦慮，那你就不會覺得享受。但若是週五晚上，你很放鬆，你完成了工作，並且正在喝啤酒，那你肯定會覺得更享受。

An iconic check for day drinking is that it usually means you'll be getting to eat a meal, and who doesn't want to eat more food.

支持白天喝酒的決定性因素是，這通常代表你有機會吃一頓飯，誰不想多吃點。

Food plays a huge role in how alcohol is absorbed.

食物對酒精的吸收來說很重要。

If you have food in your stomach, it absorbs some of the alcohol instead of going directly into the bloodstream and physically slows it from reaching the small intestine, where, with its large surface area, a lot of alcohol is absorbed very quickly.

如果你的胃裡有食物，它就會吸收一些酒精，使它不直接進入血液中，並減緩酒精抵達小腸的速度，因為小腸表面積很大，會快速吸收大量酒精。

So, day drinking with food means you get drunk less fast.

所以，白天邊吃東西邊喝酒代表不會醉得那麼快。

But, in the end, alcohol is, like, a pretty physiologically disgusting, dangerous and quite addictive drug. Excessive chronic alcohol intake leads to neurological disorders, cardiovascular disorders, liver disease cancer, etcetera.

但歸根結底，酒精是一種生理上令人厭惡、危險且相當容易上癮的藥物。長期過量的酒精攝入會導致神經系統紊亂、心血管疾病、肝病癌症等。

If you wanna remember things, perceive the world around you, be coordinated, get a good night's sleep, you're gonna have to skip alcohol altogether.

如果你想要記住事情、感受你周圍的世界、保持協調性、擁有良好的睡眠，你得完全戒掉酒精。

If I had to choose one, I'm kind of stuck, because I don't love day drinking because I feel gross, but I care so much about my sleep that I don't like drinking at night, knowing it's going to be...

一定要做選擇的話，我有點選不出來，因為我不愛白天喝酒，我覺得很噁，但我又很在乎我的睡眠，所以我不喜歡晚上喝酒，因為我知道這會…

-Sounds like you shouldn't drink at all. -Yeah, maybe I just need to stop drinking.

-聽起來你根本不該喝酒。-對，也許只要我不喝就好了。

I, like, don't really like drinking, period.

我不喜歡喝酒，句點。

It's like, kind of, yeah like, it makes me wanna cry.

就像… 對，它會讓我想哭。

But I do find that if I see people on the patio drinking during the day, I'm like...

但我發現，如果我看到有人白天在院子裡喝酒，我就會覺得…

I wanna do that.

我也想這樣做。

That feels fun!

這感覺很好玩！

And then, when I'm doing it, I'm like, is this even fun?

然後，我真的這麼做時就會想，這真的好玩嗎？

I think it's like, fomo is what makes me wanna day drink. If you wanna watch us get intoxicated and talk on our podcast about alcohol even more,

我認為錯失恐懼症才是我想喝酒的原因。如果你想看我們喝醉時在podcast中聊更多酒精相關內容，

we'll put links on the screen or in the description below. Make sure you're subscribed and we'll see you in a few weeks for a new science video. See ya!

我們會把連結放在螢幕上或下面的描述欄中。記得訂閱我們的頻道，那就幾周後的新科學影片中再見囉。下次見！