Joining me today is Tom. Hi, Tom.

今天和我一起的是湯姆。嗨，湯姆。

Hi, Neil. Good morning and hello to our audience.

嗨，尼爾。早上好，向我們的觀眾問好。

Did you know that 745,000 people are killed each year

你知道嗎，每年有745,000人被殺害

by working for too long. That's according to a new study

由於工作時間過長。這是根據一項新的研究

released by the World Health Organization.

世界衛生組織發佈的。

That's a really terrible statistic.

這真是一個可怕的統計數字。

If you want to test yourself on any of the vocabulary that you hear in

如果你想測試一下你在學校聽到的任何詞彙

this programme, there's a quiz on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.

這個節目，在我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com上有一個小測驗。

Now, let's find out some more about the story from this BBC News report:

現在，讓我們從這篇BBC新聞報道中瞭解更多關於這個故事的情況。

So, the World Health Organization has released a report about

是以，世界衛生組織發佈了一份關於

working hours. The study says that working for too long can kill you.

工作時間。研究報告說，工作時間過長會使人死亡。

Around 745,000 deaths each year can come from working too long.

每年約有74.5萬人的死亡可能來自於工作時間過長。

Working 55 hours or more can increase your chance of having a

工作55個小時或更長時間可以增加你患癌症的機會。

heart attack or having a stroke. This is particularly true for

心臟病發作或中風。這一點對以下情況尤其適用

men and the study says that the worst affected region for this

該研究稱，受此影響最嚴重的地區是

problem is the Asia-Pacific region, which includes Japan and Australia.

問題是亞太地區，其中包括日本和澳洲。

OK. Well, you've been looking at this story, at the various news websites,

好的。好吧，你一直在看這個故事，在各種新聞網站上看。

and picking out really useful vocabulary for our viewers to learn.

並挑選出真正有用的詞彙供我們的觀眾學習。

What have you got?

你有什麼？

Today's vocabulary, Neil. We have: 'killer', 'burden' and 'detrimental'.

今天的詞彙，尼爾。我們有。'殺手'、'負擔'和'有害'。

'Killer', 'burden' and 'detrimental'.

'殺手'、'負擔'和'有害'。

So, let's hear your first headline, please.

那麼，讓我們聽聽你的第一個標題，請。

Of course. My first headline is from Reuters – it says:

當然了。我的第一個標題來自路透社--它說。

'A killer' – something or someone who kills.

'殺手'--殺人的東西或人。

Now, that's pretty straightforward, isn't it? Why are we learning this?

現在，這很直接了當，不是嗎？我們為什麼要學這個？

Everyone knows what a 'killer' is.

每個人都知道什麼是 "殺手"。

Probably a lot of our audience do know what a 'killer' is, Neil,

可能我們的很多觀眾確實知道什麼是 "殺手"，尼爾。

but we're going to look at some sort of wider uses of this expression.

但我們要看的是這個表達方式的某種更廣泛的用途。

It has more than one meaning. To begin with,

它有不止一個意思。首先是。

let's look at the headline. 'A killer' – this is a noun.

讓我們看看這個標題。'一個殺手'--這是一個名詞。

It's a singular noun and it's something or someone that kills.

它是一個單數名詞，是指殺死的東西或人。

Note that long working hours is plural, but 'a killer' with

請注意，長期工作時間是複數，但 "殺手 "與

the article remains a sort of fixed piece of language.

文章仍然是一種固定的語言。

This is the same with cigarettes, for example. 'Cigarettes – plural –

例如，這與香菸的情況相同。'香菸--複數--。

are a killer' means cigarettes are a cause of death. They can kill you.

是一個殺手'意味著香菸是死亡的原因之一。它們可以殺死你。

Now, all of these examples you've given – this is

現在，你所舉的所有這些例子--這就是

all really negative stuff. But our audience may be

所有真正負面的東西。但我們的觀眾可能是

surprised to learn that we can use 'killer' in a positive way.

驚訝地發現我們可以以積極的方式使用 "殺手"。

Yeah, and that's why we've chosen it – because that's why we're here:

是的，這就是我們選擇它的原因--因為這就是我們在這裡的原因。

to look at different ways we can use this language.

來看看我們可以使用這種語言的不同方式。

So, for example, how would you feel if I said

是以，舉例來說，如果我說："你有什麼感覺？

I watched 'a killer movie' last night

我昨晚看了'一部殺手鐗'電影

and I ate 'a killer sandwich' while I did that?

而我在做這些的時候吃了 "殺手鐗 "三明治？

Well, I would hope that the sandwich was not bad – it

好吧，我希望這個三明治不壞--它

didn't affect your health. To me, it would mean that it was

沒有影響你的健康。對我來說，這將意味著它是

a really great sandwich or the film was really, really good.

一個非常棒的三明治，或者說這部電影真的非常非常好。

Yeah, or I had a very strong emotional reaction, you could say.

是的，或者說我有一個非常強烈的情緒反應，你可以說。

So, if I watched 'a killer movie',

所以，如果我看了'一部殺人電影'。

that could mean that I watched a really great movie.

這可能意味著我看了一部非常棒的電影。

And I ate 'a killer sandwich' – that means I had a

我還吃了'殺手三明治'--這意味著我吃了一個

strong emotional reaction, because it was so delicious.

強烈的情感反應，因為它是如此美味。

Yes. Now, I think what we can tell from this

是的。現在，我認為我們可以從這一點看出

is that context is really key.

是，背景是真正的關鍵。

Context is everything. So, let's take that movie example.

語境就是一切。是以，讓我們以那部電影為例。

If I watched a really funny film and I said,

如果我看了一部非常有趣的電影，我說。

'Oh, it was a killer!'

'哦，這是一個殺手！'

that might mean it's hilarious. It's really funny.

這可能意味著它是搞笑的。這真的很有趣。

But if I watch a sad film, like Titanic, and I say,

但如果我看一部悲傷的電影，比如《泰坦尼克號》，我說。

'Oh, it was a killer,'

'哦，那是一個殺手，'

that could mean it was very sad.

這可能意味著它是非常悲傷的。

As you say, context is everything with this expression.

正如你所說的，這種表達方式的背景就是一切。

Yeah. And we could also say that someone 'kills someone' and it

是的。我們也可以說，某人'殺了人'，而它

doesn't mean that they kill them; it means that it makes that...

並不意味著他們殺了他們；這意味著它使那...

they make that person laugh a lot.

他們讓那個人笑得很開心。

Yeah, I could say, 'So, Neil kills me with his jokes on News Review!'

是的，我可以說，'所以，尼爾在《新聞評論》上用他的笑話殺死了我！'

  It means they make me laugh a lot.

這意味著他們讓我笑得很開心。

I have a strong emotional reaction and that is hilarity.

我有一種強烈的情緒反應，那就是歡呼雀躍。

It's really funny.

這真的很有趣。

I try my best, Tom. OK. Let's get a summary:

我盡力了，湯姆。好的。讓我們來做個總結。

If you would like to watch another story about work,

如果你想看另一個關於工作的故事。

we have the perfect one for you, don't we Tom?

我們為你準備了一個完美的，不是嗎，湯姆？

Yeah, we do. Are you work... do you want to work for free?

是的，我們有。你的工作...你想免費工作嗎？

This is our story: it's about young people being expected to work for free.

這就是我們的故事：這是關於年輕人被期望免費工作的故事。

It's 6 Minute English and you can find it

它是6分鐘英語，你可以找到它

by clicking the link in the video description.

通過點擊視頻描述中的鏈接。

OK. Let's take a look at your second headline.

好的。讓我們看一下你的第二個標題。

Cool. Yeah, my second headline is from stuff.co.nz,

酷。是的，我的第二個標題是來自stuff.co.nz。

which is a website from New Zealand.

這是一個來自紐西蘭的網站。

It's not actually a headline; it's from the body of the article.

這實際上不是一個標題；它來自於文章的正文。

It says:

它說。

And that word is 'detrimental'.

而這個詞是 "有害的"。

  'Detrimental' – likely to cause harm.

有害的'--可能造成傷害。

Yeah, so 'detrimental' is an adjective and it's got an

是的，所以 "有害的 "是一個形容詞，它有一個

interesting pronunciation as well. Four syllables: 'de-tri-men-tal'.

發音也很有趣。四個音節：'de-tri-men-tal'。

And it's that third... that third syllable:

而且是那第三個......那第三個音節。

'de-tri-MEN-tal' is the pronunciation of the adjective.

de-tri-MEN-tal "是形容詞的讀音。

And it means it is likely to cause harm or be damaging.

而這意味著它可能會造成傷害或損害。

Yeah. So, when we talk about harmful things,

是的。所以，當我們談論有害的東西時，。

we can say that they are 'detrimental to' something.

我們可以說它們 "有害於 "某些東西。

Definitely, yeah. You could say: 'Cigarettes are detrimental.'

絕對的，是的。你可以說："香菸是有害的。

Or you could say: 'Cigarettes are detrimental to your health.'

或者你可以說："香菸有害於你的健康。

'Detrimental to' is a kind of common construct

有害於'是一種常見的構造

– and it's followed by a noun.

- 而它的後面是一個名詞。

Cigarettes are 'detrimental to your health'.

香菸 "有害於你的健康"。

Working long hours – also 'detrimental to your health',

長時間工作--也 "有害於你的健康"。

as the headlines are telling us.

正如頭條新聞所告訴我們的那樣。

Yeah. So, 'detrimental' is an adjective,

是的。所以，"有害的 "是一個形容詞。

but there's also a noun version: 'detriment'.

但也有一個名詞版本："損害"。

We have to use that in a special kind of way, though.

不過，我們必須以一種特殊的方式來使用它。

Yeah, 'detriment' – and again, it's quite high register.

是的，"損害"--同樣，它是相當高的音域。

It comes in the expression 'to the detriment of'.

它出現在 "損害 "的表達中。

It means kind of, like, at the expense of.

它的意思是一種，比如，以犧牲為代價。

So, I could say, 'Neil worked too long.

是以，我可以說，"尼爾工作得太久了。

Neil works too many hours, to the detriment of his friendships.'

尼爾工作時間太長，損害了他的友情'。

Yes... it's not true at all, but good example.

是的......這根本不是真的，但是好例子。

It means that you spend all your time doing News Review,

這意味著你把所有的時間都花在做新聞評論上。

so you don't have time for your mates.

所以你沒有時間給你的夥伴們。

Yeah. Now, as you said there's quite a high register.

是的。現在，正如你所說，這裡有一個相當高的音域。

That means it's quite formal, both 'detrimental' and 'detriment'.

這意味著它是相當正式的，既有'有害'，也有'有害'。

In our ordinary spoken English, what sort of thing do we say instead?

在我們普通的英語口語中，我們會說什麼樣的東西來代替？

I'd probably just say, like,

我可能就會說，比如。

'it's bad for you,' or something. Or, 'it's harmful.'

'它對你不好，'或其他什麼。或者，'它是有害的'。

Yeah, we wouldn't normally use 'detriment'... Normally,

是的，我們通常不會使用 "損害"...通常是這樣。

'detrimental' is quite formal and you'd see it in the context of,

有害的 "是相當正式的，你會在上下文中看到它。

like, this – like reports on health or something like that.

比如，這--比如關於健康的報告或類似的東西。

OK. Let's get a summary:

好的。讓我們來做個總結。

Now, a lot of people these days are saying that red meat is

現在，這些天很多人都在說，紅肉是

'detrimental' to our health. Others disagree,

對我們的健康 "有害"。其他人不同意。

but we have a programme on that topic, don't we Tom?

但我們有一個關於這個主題的節目，不是嗎，湯姆？

Yeah. Is red meat harmful? That's what we're talking about.

是的，紅肉有害嗎？這就是我們正在討論的問題。

You can find it by clicking the link in the video description down here.

你可以通過點擊下面視頻描述中的鏈接找到它。

Let's have a look then at our next headline, please.

讓我們看看下一個頭條新聞，謝謝。

Perfect. Again, we're not looking at the headline;

完美。同樣，我們不是在看頭條。

we're looking at the body of the article.

我們看的是文章的正文。

This is from the World Health Organization website –

這是來自世界衛生組織的網站--

from the release. It says:

從發佈會上。它說。

And that word is 'burden'.

而這個詞就是'負擔'。

'Burden' – something that causes difficulty or hard work.

負擔'--造成困難或艱苦工作的東西。

Now, Tom, I know what a 'burden' is. If you have to carry a

現在，湯姆，我知道什麼是 "負擔"。如果你必須攜帶一個

huge weight on your back, that is a 'burden', literally.

巨大的重量壓在你的背上，這是一個'負擔'，字面上的意思。

That is... yeah, that is a 'burden', Neil. So, 'burden' can be literal

那是......是的，那是一個'負擔'，尼爾。所以，'負擔'可以是字面上的

or 'burden' can be, kind of, figurative or metaphorical.

或'負擔'可以是，一種，比喻性或隱喻性。

So, let's look at this piece of text from the WHO.

是以，讓我們看看世界衛生組織的這段文字。

The 'burden' that they're talking about – the thing that's causing

他們所談論的'負擔'--導致

difficulty or hard work – is work-related disease and death coming

困難或艱苦的工作--是與工作有關的疾病和死亡的到來

from work-related disease and it said that this is causing particular...

它說，這正在引起特別的...

excuse me, particular difficulty for men, who are most affected.

對不起，對男人來說特別困難，他們受到的影響最大。

Yeah. And it's also – we talk about 'carrying a burden',

是的。而且這也是--我們談論的 "揹負負擔"。

'having a burden'. It's also a verb, though.

'有負擔'。不過，它也是一個動詞。

Yeah, it is. It is also a... excuse me, it is also a verb.

是的，它是。它也是一個......對不起，它也是一個動詞。

Before I look at the verb, let me just...

在我看動詞之前，讓我先...

let's look at that, kind of, literal/figurative meaning. So,

讓我們來看看，那種，字面/形象的意義。那麼。

we were talking about a figurative 'burden', like a problem...

我們談論的是一個比喻性的 "負擔"，就像一個問題......。

work-related disease causing a problem.

與工作有關的疾病導致的問題。

And 'burden' could also be the stuff that we actually carry, like the ship

而'負擔'也可以是我們實際攜帶的東西，比如說船。

that got stuck in the Suez canal recently: its 'burden' was too heavy.

最近卡在蘇伊士運河裡的那艘船：它的 "負擔 "太重了。

The stuff it was carrying was too much.

它所攜帶的東西太多。

Yeah. So, we're talking about figurative, heavy loads.

是的。所以，我們在談論的是形象化的、沉重的負荷。

Yeah, exactly. And 'burden' can be a verb. So, you're talking

是的，沒錯。而'負擔'可以是一個動詞。所以，你在說

about the stuff you put on: this heavy load – a 'burden' on a ship.

關於你穿上的東西：這沉重的負荷--船上的'負擔'。

You could say that 'we burden the ship' with this weight.

你可以說，"我們用這種重量來負擔這艘船"。

Yeah. If I asked you to do loads of work, loads of extra work,

是的，如果我要求你做大量的工作，大量的額外工作。

we could say that 'I was burdening you' with a load of work.

我們可以說，'我在給你增加負擔'，讓你承擔了大量的工作。

Yeah! So, we'd use the figurative meaning because you wouldn't

是的!所以，我們會使用比喻的意思，因為你不會

literally be placing microphones and computers on top of me... hopefully!

希望能在我身上放置麥克風和電腦。

But you would be giving me more responsibilities:

但你會給我更多的責任。

I'd have to carry more responsibilities, we could say.

我必須承擔更多的責任，我們可以說。

OK. Let's get a summary of that:

好的。讓我們來了解一下這方面的情況。

Time now for a recap of our vocabulary please, Tom.

現在是時候回顧一下我們的詞彙了，請湯姆。

Today's vocabulary: we had 'killer' – something or someone that kills.

今天的詞彙：我們有'殺手'--殺人的東西或人。

'Detrimental' – likely to cause harm.

有害的'--可能造成傷害。

And 'burden' – something that causes hard work or difficulty.

而'負擔'--導致艱苦工作或困難的東西。

If you want to test yourself on the vocabulary,

如果你想測試一下自己的詞彙量。

there's a quiz on our website bbclearningenglish.com

我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com上有一個測試。

and we are also all over social media.

而且我們也在社交媒體上大肆宣傳。

Thanks for joining us and we will see you next time. Goodbye.

謝謝你加入我們，我們將在下一次見到你。再見。

See you next time and see you on the website. It's a 'killer'.

下次見，在網站上看到你。這是一個 "殺手"。