Hi. James from engVid.

嗨，來自engVid的James。

Excuse me for a second.

請原諒我離開一下。

Oh, look the star is born.

哦，看，明星誕生了。

What do you mean?

你是什麼意思？

Who is responsible for spilling your coffee?

誰該為打翻你的咖啡負責？

I don't know.

我不知道。

I don't know who to blame; it's not my fault.

我不知道該怪誰，這不是我的錯。

You know, in life a lot of times things go wrong, and in English we have three words

你知道，在生活中，很多時候事情都會出錯，在英語中我們有三個詞

that we use a lot to indicate who should fix it, who is responsible for it, and who we

我們經常使用，以表明誰應該修復它，誰對它負責，以及誰我們

want to point out who's responsible for it; and sometimes they're the same and sometimes

想指出誰該對此負責；有時他們是同一個人，有時是

they don't match up at all.

它們完全不匹配。

But today I'm going to teach you three words or we'll work on three words to talk about

但今天我要教你們三個詞，或者說我們要研究三個詞來談一談

how to fix up a situation, and who can fix up this situation, and who we might point

如何解決一個問題，誰能解決這個問題，我們可以指給誰看。

the finger towards.

意思是說："你的手指朝向......"。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, let's go to the board.

是以，讓我們到董事會去。

I'm going to give you some formal and some informal, some words on responsibility.

我將給你一些正式的和非正式的，關於責任的一些話語。

So, my worm is upset because his coffee is on the floor.

所以，我的蟲子很不高興，因為他的咖啡在地板上。

He thinks he's a star; he's wearing some glasses.

他認為自己是個明星；他戴著一些眼鏡。

And let's check the board: Who can help us here?

讓我們檢查一下董事會。誰能在這裡幫助我們？

Okay?

好嗎？

So, three very popular words in English are: "blame", "responsibility", and "fault".

是以，英語中三個非常流行的詞是。"責備"、"責任 "和 "過失"。

Each of these words are actually tied together, and in some of the definitions, you might

這些詞中的每一個實際上都是綁在一起的，在一些定義中，你可能會

actually see me use some of the words in another... in the definition, you're like: "But you have

實際上看到我在另一個地方使用一些詞... ... 在定義中，你喜歡，"但是你有

'responsibility' and 'blame', and you have 'fault' and...

'責任'和'指責'，而你有'過錯'和......。

'Fault', 'blame' and 'fault'."

'錯'、'咎'和'過'。"

Yeah, because they're kind of mixed together; they're comingled or, like, they're joined

是的，因為它們是混合在一起的；它們是混合在一起的，或者說，它們是結合在一起的。

together because they are attached to each other.

在一起，因為它們是彼此相連的。

So, what I want to do is start off with the first one, which is funny enough the nicest

是以，我想從第一個開始，這是最有趣的一個。

one: "responsibility".

一。"責任"。

It's a noun.

這是個名詞。

The adjective is "responsible": You are a responsible person, and you have a responsibility.

這個形容詞是 "負責任"。你是一個負責任的人，你有責任。

Now, we look here: What is a "responsibility"?

現在，我們看看這裡。什麼是 "責任"？

Well, the first thing we say is: A state or fact of having a duty to deal with a situation

嗯，我們說的第一件事是。有責任處理某種情況的狀態或事實

or person.

或人。

So, whose responsibility is it?

那麼，這是誰的責任呢？

Who has to deal with somebody or take care of a situation; whose responsibility?

誰必須處理某人或處理某種情況；誰的責任？

So, at work, you know, whose responsibility is it to fix this?

是以，在工作中，你知道，誰的責任是要解決這個問題？

You know: "Is it the plumber?

你知道的。"是水管工嗎？

Is it the boss?"

是老闆嗎？"

Right?

對嗎？

You got to deal with it.

你必須處理好這個問題。

The state of being accountable.

負責任的狀態。

That means you... say, if something goes wrong, I'm the one-count-you can count on to fix

這意味著你......說，如果出了問題，我是你可以依靠的一個人，來解決

it; I'm the one you can come to.

它；我是你可以來找的人。

And a part of a job.

也是工作的一部分。

If it's your responsibility as manager to close the door and count the money, those

如果你作為經理的責任是關門和數錢，那些

are part of your jobs.

是你們工作的一部分。

Right?

對嗎？

The final one is the moral obligation to act properly.

最後一個是正確行事的道德義務。

I expect you to not throw food at a teacher in a classroom.

我希望你不要在課堂上向老師扔食物。

That's your responsibility; it's a moral obligation.

這是你的責任；這是個道德義務。

It's not a job that you have to do: Not throw food at somebody, but it's a moral obligation

這不是一個你必須做的工作。不向別人扔食物，但這是一種道德義務

we call, and we expect people to, you know, act properly, and not have orange hair and

我們呼籲，我們希望人們，你知道，行為得體，不要有橙色的頭髮和

act like babies when they're in political office.

當他們在政治辦公室時，表現得像嬰兒。

But that's another thing.

但這是另一回事。

So, anyway: "responsibility".

所以，無論如何。"責任"。

Now, you notice this, and you go: "What is this and what is that?"

現在，你注意到這一點，然後你去。"這是什麼，那是什麼？"

I'm going: Well, don't freak out too much.

我去了。好吧，不要太過驚慌失措。

This is how you would say it because a lot of times people from different language groups

你會這樣說，因為很多時候，來自不同語言群體的人

will have problems saying it, because if you speak Spanish, for instance, they will say

會有問題，因為如果你說西班牙語，例如，他們會說

"spec-eal" instead of "special", because the "e-s" is the sound you make.

"spec-eal "而不是 "special"，因為 "e-s "是你發出的聲音。

So, I'm going to give you something to help you, so: "r-E-sp-on-sib-il-ey-T".

所以，我打算給你一些東西來幫助你，所以。"r-E-sp-on-sib-il-ey-T".

That's a big T, right?

這是個大T，對嗎？

Responsibility.

責任。

Not: "Responsibilite".

不是："責任"。

Responsibility.

責任。

Cool?

酷嗎？

All right.

好的。

That's how we say that one.

我們就是這樣說的。

And to make it easy, to make it basic: This is the person who can fix it; they either

為了使之簡單化，使之基本化：這是能夠解決的人；他們要麼

have the power to fix it, it's their job to fix it, or it's a moral obligation to fix

有權力解決這個問題，解決這個問題是他們的工作，或者解決這個問題是一種道德義務。

it.

它。

Responsibility.

責任。

So, we each have the responsibility to take care of ourselves, to pay our bills, to be

是以，我們每個人都有責任照顧好自己，支付我們的賬單，成為

on time, and to be good people.

準時，併成為好人。

All right?

好嗎？

And you can say it's a duty almost, in some cases.

而且你可以說這幾乎是一種責任，在某些情況下。

So, if we're talking about responsibility, when somebody does something bad... okay?

所以，如果我們談論的是責任，當有人做了壞事......好嗎？

We can't say it's their responsibility to do something bad.

我們不能說做壞事是他們的責任。

What we do is we blame them.

我們所做的是指責他們。

"Blame" is a verb; when you blame somebody.

"責備 "是一個動詞；當你責備某人時。

And now you look here, I'm going to go from here, and look, it goes: Assign responsibility

現在你看這裡，我從這裡開始，看，就這樣。指派責任

for a fault or wrongdoing.

為過失或錯誤行為。

"Assign" means give.

"分配 "意味著給予。

So, we're taking this word "responsibility" as in you take ownership for it and you say:

所以，我們把 "責任 "這個詞看作是你對它的所有權，你說。

"Okay, it's mine.

"好吧，這是我的。

I will take care of it."

我會處理好的。"

When we blame somebody, we go: "Okay, well, it's not mine; I blame you."

當我們責備某人時，我們會說"好吧，好吧，這不是我的；我怪你。"

So, I'm going to give you the responsibility for the bad action - that's why we say "fault"

所以，我要把不良行為的責任交給你--這就是為什麼我們說 "過錯"

or "wrongdoing".

或 "錯誤行為"。

Don't worry, if you don't know what "fault" is, I'm going to get there in a second.

別擔心，如果你不知道什麼是 "錯"，我馬上就會說到。

But something's gone wrong and I need to point out who's done it.

但有些事情出了差錯，我需要指出是誰幹的。

Okay?

好嗎？

Next: It's a... sorry.

下一個。這是一個......對不起。

A responsibility for something bad.

對壞事的責任。

So, there's a wrongdoing but it's a bad situation.

是以，有一個錯誤的行為，但這是一個糟糕的情況。

I blame the weather for my plants dying.

我把我的植物死亡歸咎於天氣。

Okay?

好嗎？

This is bad.

這很糟糕。

The weather isn't doing anything wrong; it's something that's bad: My plants are dying

天氣並沒有做錯什麼，是有什麼東西不好。我的植物正在死亡

and I need to blame someone.

而我需要責備某人。

I need to put the responsibility on something or someone, and I say it's the weather.

我需要把責任推給某個東西或某個人，我說這是天氣。

Okay, so the third and final one I want to discuss is responsibility for a fault or a

好的，所以我想討論的第三個也是最後一個問題是對過錯或

wrong.

錯了。

Commonly in English, we say: "Take the blame."

在英語中，我們常見的是"引咎辭職"。

Something is wrong; someone must take the blame.

有些事情是錯的；必須有人承擔起這個責任。

Someone must take something.

必須有人拿東西。

In this case, you must take that responsibility for the fault or wrong.

在這種情況下，你必須為過失或錯誤承擔這一責任。

So you'll commonly hear someone say: "You've got to take the blame for what you've done."

所以你會經常聽到有人說"你必須為你所做的事情承擔責任"。

Responsibility for a wrong.

對一個錯誤的責任。

Cool?

酷嗎？

Now, finally, because you noticed that word "fault" came up, and you're like: "I don't

現在，最後，因為你注意到 "過錯 "這個詞出現了，你就像。"我不

know what that means and you keep saying it", but before I get there: "bl-A-mm; blame".

知道那是什麼意思，而你一直在說"，但在我到達那裡之前。"bl-A-mm; blame"。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, the large A indicates I want you to say the vowel sound a lot: "blame".

所以，大A表示我希望你多說元音。"責備"。

Who is to blame?

誰該受到責備？

Okay?

好嗎？

Now, I said that blame directs it, but what is "blame" directing, exactly?

現在，我說過，責備引導了它，但 "責備 "到底引導了什麼？

When we talk about a fault - a "fault" is a problem or something we don't like.

當我們談論過錯時--"過錯 "是一個問題或我們不喜歡的東西。

First one we talk about: Unattractive or unsatisfactory feature of work or a person's character.

我們談論的第一個問題。工作或一個人的性格中不吸引人或不令人滿意的特點。

If you have character faults, you are dishonest, you talk behind people's backs - that's something

如果你有性格上的缺陷，你不誠實，你在別人的背後說話--那是一些

wrong with you.

你有問題。

Or there's a fault in your work - it means there's a problem or something not good.

或者你的工作中有一個錯誤--這意味著有一個問題或一些不好的東西。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, a "character fault" is about a person.

是以，"性格缺陷 "是關於一個人的。

And when we talk about an "unsatisfactory feature", something we don't like about somebody's

而當我們談論 "不滿意的特徵 "時，我們不喜歡某人的一些東西

work.

工作。

Yeah?

是嗎？

Responsibility for an accident or misfortune.

對事故或不幸的責任。

This is where the blame comes from.

這就是責任的來源。

You have to be responsible for something that happened; usually it's an accident.

你必須對發生的事情負責；通常是事故。

We don't think when it's your fault... by saying it's somebody's fault, we're not saying

我們不認為當它是你的錯......通過說它是某人的錯，我們不是在說

they did it on purpose.

他們是故意這樣做的。

We're saying something happened, it was unfortunate or it's not a good thing, or it might have

我們說發生了一些事情，它是不幸的，或者它不是一件好事，或者它可能有

been an accident, but you end up becoming responsible for that action.

是一個意外，但你最終成為該行為的責任人。

Ultimately, we say you're responsible for the bad thing happening.

歸根結底，我們說你要對壞事的發生負責。

But it gets confusing saying you're responsible for the bad thing happening, so we say: "We're

但是說你對壞事的發生負有責任會讓人困惑，所以我們說。"我們是

going to blame you.

將會責備你。

It's your fault because it's your mistake."

這是你的錯，因為這是你的錯誤。"

Next, as a verb: To criticize for inadequacy or mistakes.

接下來，作為一個動詞。對不足或錯誤進行批評。

So, if I say: "I can't find fault in your work", I can't criticize or find weakness

是以，如果我說"我在你的工作中找不到錯誤"，我就不能責備或發現弱點。

in your work.

在你的工作中。

Sometimes people say, you know... we can... yeah: "We find no fault in your work.

有時人們會說，你知道......我們可以......是的："我們發現你的工作沒有錯。

You did a good job."

你做得很好。"

We find no problems or we can't criticize you.

我們沒有發現任何問題，否則我們就不能責備你。

So, "fault" can have any of these meanings, okay?

所以，"過錯 "可以有這些含義中的任何一個，好嗎？

But in this case, it takes on a verb form.

但在這種情況下，它採用的是動詞形式。

And you notice, here, it's: "f-all-t", as in "all": "fault".

而你注意到，在這裡，它是："f-all-t"，如 "所有"。"故障"。

Whose fault is it?

這是誰的錯？

And this is the person who did it.

而這就是做這件事的人。

It's like: "Who done it?"

這就像。"誰幹的？"

Sherlock Holmes.

夏洛克-福爾摩斯

Right?

對嗎？

So, we found out that these big fancy words: "responsibility" is: "Who can fix it?

是以，我們發現，這些大的花哨的詞。"責任 "是。"誰能解決這個問題？

Who has the power?

誰有權力？

Who has the situation to do so?"

誰有這樣做的情況？"

Okay?

好嗎？

I can't say orange anymore.

我再也不能說橙色了。

I won't say orange guy anymore.

我不再說橙色的傢伙了。

When we talk about "blame", we're directing it: "Where is this going?

當我們談論 "責備 "時，我們在引導它。"這是要去哪裡？

Where are we putting this responsibility for bad things?"

我們把這種對壞事的責任放在哪裡？"

We're pointing; it has to go this way.

我們在指點；它必須這樣走。

Somewhere it has to go.

它必須去某個地方。

And, finally: "Who did it?

還有，最後。"誰幹的？

Whose fault is it?

這是誰的錯？

Who is the actual one who did it?"

誰是真正的肇事者？"

So, these are three, big, powerful words.

是以，這是三個大而有力的詞。

And if you think about it, you do this all the time anyway, most of the time in a day,

如果你想一想，反正你一直在做這個，一天中大部分時間都在做這個。

you'll say: "Whose fault is it the door was unlocked?

你會說"門沒鎖是誰的錯？

Who...?

誰......？

Why do I take the blame?"

我為什麼要承擔這個責任？"

Actually, a lot of times we talk about "blame" is like: "Why are you blaming me?"

實際上，很多時候我們談論 "責備 "就像。"你為什麼要責怪我？"

People don't say it to you; you say: "Why are you blaming me for the open door?" because

人們不對你說；你說。"你為什麼要責備我，因為門開了？"因為

you're saying I'm responsible for not doing my job properly.

你是說我要為沒有做好我的工作而負責。

And somebody might say: "Well, it was your responsibility to do it", and I would say:

而有人可能會說。"嗯，這是你的責任"，我會說。

"Don't blame me."

"不要怪我。"

Okay?

好嗎？

And I go: "It's not my fault; it's E's fault."

而我去了。"這不是我的錯，是E的錯。"

Cool?

酷嗎？

And you notice how these three words play into each other in, first of all, the definition

你注意到這三個詞是如何相互作用的，首先，在定義方面

for each one?

為每一個人？

The other word seems to come in; you got blame, you got fault, you got responsibility, you've

另一個詞似乎進來了；你有責備，你有錯，你有責任，你已經

got fault - they all play together, and they work together like that in the real world

有錯--他們都在一起玩，他們在現實世界中也是這樣合作的。

where we talk to each other in this way.

在那裡我們以這種方式互相交談。

You probably use words similar to this in your own language, and I want to give you

你可能在自己的語言中使用與此類似的詞語，我想給你

the three words that we use a lot.

這三個詞是我們經常使用的。

Now, once again, using a word and not really understanding it is no good, so we're going

現在，再一次，使用一個詞而不真正理解它是不好的，所以我們要

to go into our second part of the lesson where we'll explore it, use it, see if you can use

進入我們課程的第二部分，我們將探索它，使用它，看看你是否可以使用

it, and then I'll give you a bit of a bonus.

它，然後我會給你一點獎勵。

Are you ready?

你準備好了嗎？

[Snaps]

[抓拍]

Okay, we're back.

好了，我們回來了。

Now, I know it's my responsibility to teach you how to use these words, or it'll be all

現在，我知道我有責任教你如何使用這些詞，否則就會變成

my fault, or actually you'll blame me if you don't, so let's go to the board.

我的錯，或者說，如果你不這樣做，其實你會怪我的，所以我們去找董事會吧。

And I've got a little story about Shingo, one of my favourite Japanese students, and

我有一個關於Shingo的小故事，他是我最喜歡的日本學生之一，而且

his problem with money.

他在金錢方面的問題。

Let's take a look at the board.

讓我們來看看董事會的情況。

So, Mr. Shingo... let's read it out.

那麼，新吾先生......讓我們把它讀出來。

Read it out.

把它讀出來。

So: "Shingo is bad with his money and he says it's because of his parents, because they

所以。"Shingo不善於用錢，他說這是因為他的父母，因為他們

were poor.

貧窮。

Shingo knows he has a duty to educate himself about money but one of the biggest weaknesses

Shingo知道他有責任對自己進行金錢教育，但最大的一個弱點是

is his inability to save money."

是他沒有能力省錢。"

Okay.

好的。

"He knows the mistake is his and it's his job to pay his bills, but he prefers to consider

"他知道錯誤是他的，支付賬單是他的工作，但他更願意考慮

his parents for the problem."

他的父母的問題。"

Hmm.

嗯。

I would say this one should be: "...are the problem", but we'll see why that might change

我想說這個應該是。"......是問題所在"，但我們會看到為什麼這可能會改變

later on.

後來。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, he thinks his parents are the problem.

是以，他認為他的父母是問題所在。

So, let's look at this.

是以，讓我們來看看這個。

Shingo isn't good with money; he thinks it's his parents' fault.

Shingo不善於用錢；他認為這是他父母的錯。

He has a weakness.

他有一個弱點。

He considers them the problem.

他認為他們是問題所在。

And I'm going to bet that we can find the new words that we... that we learned will

我敢打賭，我們可以找到我們......我們學到的新詞。

help us actually make this story sound better, have a greater flow, and be more interesting

幫助我們真正使這個故事聽起來更好，更流暢，更有趣。

to the person who's listening to it.

對正在聽的人來說。