And I'm Georgina.

而我是喬治娜。

In this programme, we're talking about something that

在這個節目中，我們談論的是以下內容

always surrounds us – noise.

總是圍繞著我們--噪音。

Yes, whether it's the natural sounds of birdsong,

是的，無論是鳥鳴的自然聲音。

the wind blowing, or man-made noise, like traffic or music –

風的吹拂，或人為的噪音，如交通或音樂------。

there's always something we can hear.

總有一些東西我們可以聽到。

Of course, there are sounds that we like to hear

當然，有些聲音是我們喜歡聽的

and then there are those sounds that really grate –

然後是那些真正令人厭惡的聲音 --

annoy or irritate…

惹人煩

… like the beeping sound on a reversing lorry or

...如倒車時的蜂鳴聲或

someone drilling a hole in the road.

有人在路上鑽了一個洞。

Indeed. Soon we'll be looking at the language of noise and

的確如此。很快我們就會關注噪音的語言和

hearing about ideas for making the world a quieter place.

聽取讓世界變得更安靜的想法。

But let's kick off with a question about the measurement of sound,

但是，讓我們以一個關於聲音測量的問題為開端。

which is in units called decibels.

其中的組織、部門稱為分貝。

According to a guide by the World Health Organisation,

根據世界衛生組織的一份指南。

what is considered the highest level we can be safely

什麼被認為是我們可以安全地達到的最高水準？

exposed to for a maximum of eight hours?

暴露在最多八小時的環境中？

Is it… a) 55 decibels, b) 85 decibels,

它是......a) 55分貝，b) 85分貝。

or c) 125 decibels?

或c）125分貝？

I imagine it's quite low, so I'll go for a) 55 decibels.

我想這是相當低的，所以我會選擇）55分貝。

Well, as always, I'll reveal the correct answer later.

好吧，像往常一樣，我稍後會揭曉正確答案。

Now, let's sound out what people know about sound!

現在，讓我們來了解一下人們對聲音的認識吧!

Starting with Julian Treasure, the founder of The Sound Agency.

從The Sound Agency的創始人Julian Treasure開始。

He spoke to the BBC World Service programme, People Fixing the World.

他在英國廣播公司的世界服務節目《人定勝天》中發言。

He discussed why noise is a form of pollution.

他討論了為什麼噪聲是一種汙染形式。

And it's bad for our health, but we don't always realise…

而且這對我們的健康不利，但我們並不總是意識到...

Sound has powerful effects on us all the time, even though most

聲音一直對我們有強大的影響，儘管大多數人

of the time we're not conscious of it because we've kind of got into

的時候，我們並沒有意識到這一點，因為我們已經有點進入了

the habit of suppressing our listening.

習慣於壓制我們的傾聽。

There's so much noise around us in cities that we get

在城市中，我們周圍有如此多的噪音，我們得到了

into the habit of ignoring it.

養成忽視它的習慣。

Now that's not a great thing when the noise is having a bad effect on us.

現在，當噪音對我們產生不良影響時，這並不是一件好事。

Julian makes a good point – that sounds affect us all the time,

朱利安說得很好--這聲音一直在影響著我們。

even when we don't realise.

甚至在我們沒有意識到的時候。

We're not conscious of it – so we're not aware of it, but it is there.

我們沒有意識到它--所以我們沒有意識到它，但它就在那裡。

It may be irritating us, but we don't stop to think what it is that's annoying us.

它可能會刺激我們，但我們不會停下來思考是什麼讓我們感到煩躁。

As Julian also said, we get into the habit of ignoring sounds.

正如朱利安所說，我們養成了忽視聲音的習慣。

When you get into the habit of something, you start

當你養成了某種習慣，你就會開始

doing something regularly without even thinking about it.

經常做一些事情而不去想它。

And another habit we get into is suppressing our listening –

而我們養成的另一個習慣是壓制我們的傾聽 --

so, preventing or stopping ourselves from hearing the noises.

是以，防止或阻止我們聽到這些聲音。

But experts have found this isn't good for us.

但專家們發現這對我們並沒有好處。

That noise in the background can lead to stress and mental health issues.

背景中的這種噪音會導致壓力和心理健康問題。

Yes, we all need some peace and quiet.

是的，我們都需要一些和平和安靜。

Of course, there are many techniques for reducing and absorbing noise.

當然，有許多減少和吸收噪音的技術。

For example, trees are grown by motorways to absorb the traffic noise.

例如，在高速公路旁種植樹木以吸收交通噪音。

At a large rock concert, acoustic screens are put up to stop

在一個大型的搖滾音樂會中，會設置隔音屏來阻止

the sound being heard too far away.

聲音在太遠的地方被聽到。

All sound ideas – I mean good ideas.

所有健全的想法--我是說好的想法。

But let's head to the world's noisiest city – Mumbai in India -

但讓我們前往世界上最嘈雜的城市--印度的孟買--。

where honking car horns are a big problem.

在那裡，按喇叭的汽車是一個大問題。

I love the sound of that word honk – a short, loud sound –

我喜歡 "honk "這個詞的發音--短而響的聲音--。

but I don't like the actual noise.

但我不喜歡實際的噪音。

The People Fixing the World programme discussed this problem

修理世界的人》節目討論了這個問題

and met a woman who's been working for years to try and reduce

遇到了一個多年來一直在努力嘗試減少的女人

noise levels and create quiet zones.

噪聲水準和創建安靜區。

She's Sumaira Abdul Ali from the Awaaz Foundation,

她是阿瓦茲基金會的蘇邁拉-阿卜杜勒-阿里。

and she explained why honking horns was a hard thing to control…

她解釋了為什麼按喇叭是一件很難控制的事情......

Honking and noise in general in India is a medium of expression,

在印度，按喇叭和一般的噪音是一種表達媒介。

of sadness, of happiness, of every kind.

悲傷的，幸福的，各種類型的。

This is what I was told when I started working, that

這是我開始工作時被告知的，即

these are all Western ideas to want to control noise –

這些都是西方人想要控制噪音的想法------。

Indians love noise!

印度人喜歡噪音!

And it's about the noise, it's about the colour, it's about the laughter and

它是關於噪音，它是關於顏色，它是關於笑聲和

happiness, we don't want to be like the West – you know, those

幸福，我們不希望像西方國家一樣--你知道，那些

kind of dull, boring people, who don't express themselves the way we do!

那種枯燥無味的人，他們不會像我們一樣表達自己的想法！。

I like how honking a horn isn't just for road safety –

我喜歡按喇叭不僅僅是為了道路安全 --

it's almost another language.

這幾乎是另一種語言。

People express themselves – or show how they feel –

人們表達自己--或展示他們的感受--的方式。

by sounding their car horn.

通過吹響汽車喇叭。

To control this noise – to be quieter - is considered a Western idea.

控制這種噪音--更安靜--被認為是一種西方的想法。

But Samairu is trying to change drivers' behaviour,

但Samairu正試圖改變司機的行為。

and after much effort, even got the police to run a campaign.

並經過許多努力，甚至讓警察開展了一場運動。

If noise levels at traffic lights went over 85 decibels,

如果交通燈的噪音水準超過了85分貝。

the lights would remain on red for longer!

熄燈後，紅燈的時間會更長。

Sounds like a good idea!

聽起來是個好主意!

There's much more about this on the BBC's Fixing the World webpage.

關於這一點，在BBC的 "修復世界 "網頁上有更多資訊。

So, Neil you just mentioned 85 decibels.

所以，尼爾你剛才提到85分貝。

Is that the answer to the question you asked earlier?

這就是你之前所問問題的答案嗎？

Earlier I asked, according to a guide by the World Health Organisation,

早些時候我問過，根據世界衛生組織的一份指南。

what is considered the highest level we can be safely exposed to

什麼是我們可以安全接觸到的最高水準？

for a maximum of eight hours?

最多八個小時的時間？

I said 55 decibels.

我說55分貝。

Ah Well, it is actually 85 decibels, Georgina. Bad luck.

啊，實際上是85分貝，喬治娜。運氣不好。

The permissible time for safe listening decreases as sound levels increase.

安全聆聽的允許時間隨著聲級的提高而減少。

So, for example, a sound as high as 100 decibels –

是以，舉例來說，一個高達100分貝的聲音 --

the level produced by a subway train – can be safely

地鐵列車產生的水準--可以安全地進行

listened to for only 15 minutes each day.

每天只聽15分鐘。

Well, that's good to know.

嗯，這很好理解。

Now, let's recap on some of the vocabulary we've been discussing,

現在，讓我們回顧一下我們一直在討論的一些詞彙。

starting with grate – spelt G-R-A-T-E – it means annoy or irritate.

從grate開始--拼寫為G-R-A-T-E--它的意思是煩擾或激怒。

When we are conscious of something, we are aware of it.

當我們對某件事有意識時，我們就會意識到它。

And when we get into the habit of something, we start doing

而當我們養成了某種習慣，我們就開始做

something regularly, often without even thinking about it.

經常性地做一些事情，甚至經常不假思索。

Suppressing describes preventing, stopping or reducing something.

壓制是指防止、停止或減少某事。

Honk is the short, loud sound a car horn makes. Like this – honk.

鳴笛是汽車喇叭發出的短而響的聲音。像這樣--鳴笛。

I can hear you coming, Neil!

我可以聽到你來了，尼爾！

Finally, to express yourself, means to show how you feel.

最後，表達自己，意味著展示你的感受。

Well, I must express my sadness because we're out of time now.

好吧，我必須表達我的悲傷，因為我們現在已經沒有時間了。

But there are lots more 6 Minute English programmes to

但還有更多的6分鐘英語節目可供選擇。

enjoy on our website at bbclearningenglish.com.

在我們的網站bbclearningenglish.com上享受。

We also have an app that you can download for free from the app stores

我們也有一個應用程序，你可以從應用程序商店免費下載。

and where you can download this programme.

以及你可以在哪裡下載這個程序。

And of course, we are all over social media.

當然，我們也在社交媒體上大肆宣傳。

Thanks for listening and goodbye.

謝謝你的聆聽，再見。

Goodbye.

再見。