And I'm Rob.

我是 Rob。

In this programme, we'll be discussing climate change and teaching you some useful vocabulary so you can talk about it, too.

在這個節目中，我們將討論氣候變遷和教你一些有用的詞彙，讓你也可以談論它。

Such as 'emitters' - a word used to describe countries, industries or just things that produce harmful substances that harm the environment.

像是「emitters」這個詞用來描述國家、工業或是產生有害物質危害環境的事物。

Substances such as carbon dioxide - an example of a greenhouse gas.

有害物質像是二氧化碳，是溫室氣體的一個例子。

These gases contribute to our warming planet.

這些氣體導致我們的地球變暖。

And we're going to be discussing whether the world's two biggest emitters of greenhouse gases - the USA and China - can work together for the good of the environment.

而我們要討論的是世界上最大的兩個溫室氣體排放國——美國和中國是否可以為爭取環境的利益共同努力。

But a question for you first, Rob.

但首先要問你一個問題，Rob。

In November this year, world leaders are due to meet at a climate conference.

今年 11 月，各國領袖將在一個氣候高峰會上會面。

In which city will this be taking place? Is it a) Brisbane, b) Glasgow, or c) Vienna?

這將在哪個城市舉辦？是...a) 布里斯班，b) 格拉斯哥，還是 c) 維也納？

Well, I've heard about this, so I think it is the Scottish city of Glasgow.

我聽過這個，所以我認為是蘇格蘭城市的格拉斯哥。

OK, Rob, I'll tell you if you are right or wrong later.

好喔，我稍後告訴你有沒有答對。

Let's talk more about climate change then. Back in 2015, world leaders met in Paris.

現在我們來談談氣候變遷，在 2015 年，各國領袖在巴黎會面。

It was the first time virtually all the nations of the world came together to agree they all needed to tackle the issue.

這是第一次，幾乎所有的國家聚集在一起，一致同意需要解決這個問題。

Under the terms of the Paris deal, countries promised to come back every five years and raise their carbon-cutting ambitions.

根據巴黎協議的條款。各國承諾每五年會舉辦一次高峰會，並提高他們減碳的雄心。

An ambition is something you want to achieve even if it's difficult to do so.

「Ambition」是你想要達成的事情，即使它很難達到。

President Trump pulled out of this Paris agreement but now President Biden has brought the USA back into it.

川普總統退出了這個巴黎協議，但現任總統拜登將美國重新加入其中。

But the USA still has a lot to do to help reduce its contribution to air pollution.

但美國仍有許多努力要做，以減少其對空氣的汙染。

In China, where smog is a common occurrence, President Xi Jinping has pledged the country will be carbon neutral by 2060.

在霧霾很常見的中國，習近平主席已經承諾該國將在 2060 年以前達到碳中和。

That means it will do things to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide by the same amount that it produces.

這意味著它將付出行動來減少與該國自己產生的二氧化碳相同的數量。

The BBC World Service programme, The Climate Question, has been looking at this is in more detail.

BBC 的國際頻道節目《氣候問題》一直在深入調查。

BBC journalist, Vincent Ni, explains why Xi Jinping's plans might be tricky to achieve.

BBC 記者 Vincent Ni 解釋到為什麼習近平的計劃可能難於實現。

What I'm really thinking is that this is actually a real inherent paradox of today's China.

我認為這實際上是因為目前的中國有內在悖論的關係。

It is leading in many ways on green initiatives while at the same time, it's also a big polluter and greenhouse gas emitter.

它在綠色倡議方面處於領先地位，但與此同時，它還是一個污染大戶和溫室氣體排放大國。

It's got to alleviate poverty as well as fight pollution.

它必須減輕貧困也必須對抗汙染。

The thing to watch now is how this dynamic will play out in the next few years.

需要注意的是未來幾年的動向。

So, China currently has two things going on - one good, one bad - an impossible situation because it has two opposite factors - what Vincent called a paradox.

所以，中國目前有兩種進展，一好一壞，是種不可能的情況，因為它有兩個相反的因素，就是 Vincent 稱為悖論的東西。

And this paradox is that, on one hand, China has many projects to improve the environment, but on the other hand, it is a big polluter.

而這個悖論是，中國在一方面有許多改進環境的計畫，但在另一方面，它是一個很大的汙染源。

And as well as tackling pollution, Vincent also said China has to alleviate poverty - alleviate means make less severe or serious.

而在解決汙染問題的同時，Vincent 還說到，中國必須扶貧，而「alleviate」意思是，使之不那麼嚴重。

But as we've said, China is not alone.

但正如我們所說，中國並不孤單。

The USA is another big polluter which is also trying to develop ways to clean up its act - an informal way of saying change the way it behaves for the better.

美國是另一個汙染大國，它也在努力發展方法來「clean up its act (洗心革面)」，這是「change the way it behaves for the better (改變它的表現來變得更好)」比較不正式的的說法。

President Biden wants the US to achieve an 100% clean energy economy and reach net zero emissions by 2050.

拜登總統希望美國能夠實現 100% 的乾淨能源經濟，並在 2050 年以前達到零排放。

He also wants to create 10 million new 'green' jobs.

他還希望創造 1000 萬個新的 「綠色 」就業機會。

'Green' means related to protecting and helping the environment.

「綠色 」表示與保護和幫助環境有關。

The former governor of California, Jerry Brown, who's now with the California-China Climate Institute at Berkeley, also spoke to The Climate Question programme.

現正於柏克萊的加州中國氣候研究所工作的加州前州長 Jerry Brown，他也接受了《氣候問題》的訪問。

He thinks the USA should do its bit to help climate change, but it also involves working together, globally.

他認為美國應盡其所能提供幫助氣候變遷，但這需要全球各地共同努力。

We have to really face reality with humility.

我們必須面對現實和謙虛。

We have put more heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere that are still there than China has - that's the historical fact.

我們把阻礙熱能散失的氣體排放到大氣層中的量比中國還多，這是歷史事實。

So, I think we need to stop pointing fingers as though evil is outside and we have to work with China and Russia and Europe and everywhere else,

所以，我認為我們需要停止指責，彷彿惡魔是外來的， 我們必須與中國、俄羅斯、歐洲和其他地方合作，

as partners in humankind's very dangerous path forward.

作為人類往前進步上的伙伴。

So, I'd worry more about that than figuring out all the flaws of which there are many in my competitive friends and enemies.

所以，我更擔心的問題是這個，而不是指出競爭朋友和敵人有很多缺點 。

Jerry talks about facing the situation with humility so, not trying to be more important than others and admitting your bad qualities.

Jerry 談到了面對情況的謙虛態度，所以，不要自視甚高，且要承認自己不好的地方。

He says the USA should not think evil - the polluters in this case - are from elsewhere.

他說美國不應該惡毒的認為，在這情況下是指污染源，是來自其他地方。

Stop pointing fingers at other people!

不要再指責別人了!

Yes. The solution, maybe, is not to blame others but to work together, trust each other, and make tough choices rather than pointing out each other's flaws - faults or mistakes.

沒錯，這問題的解決方案，也許不是指責別人，而是要合作，互相信任，並作出艱難的選擇，而不是指出彼此的「flaws」指的是過失或錯誤。

Hopefully, many countries can work together more when they attend this year's climate conference, Rob.

希望許多國家在參加今年的氣候高峰會時能夠合作。

But in which city?

但在哪個城市？

Yes. I said Glasgow, in Scotland.

是的，我說格拉斯哥，在蘇格蘭。

Was I right?

我說的對嗎？

You were, Rob. Well done. World leaders are due to meet there in November this year.

沒錯，Rob，幹得好。各國領袖將於今年 11 月在那裡舉行高峰會。

Right, now there's just time to recap on some of the vocabulary we've discussed.

對了，現在有時間來回顧一下我們今天討論過的一些詞彙。

Yes. We talked about emitters - countries, industries or just things that produce - or emit - harmful substances that harm the environment.

好的，我們談到了「emitters」指的是國家、工業或產生有害物質傷害環境的事物。

'Ambitions' are things you want to achieve even if they are difficult.

「Ambitions」是你想達成的事情，即使它很難達到。

A 'paradox' is an impossible situation because it has two opposite factors.

「Paradox」是一種不可能的情況，因為它有兩個相反的因素。

To 'alleviate' means, make less severe or serious.

「Alleviate」的意思是，使之不那麼嚴重。

'Humility' involves trying not to be more important than others and admitting your bad qualities.

「Humility」包括不自視甚高，並承認自己不好的地方。

And 'flaws' is another word for faults or mistakes.

而「flaws」是 faults 跟 mistakes 的另一種講法。

Well, hopefully there are no flaws in this programme! That's all for now, but we'll be back again soon to discuss more trending topics and vocabulary here at 6 Minute English.

希望這集節目中沒有什麼缺點！今天就到這裡，但我們很快會再回來 6 分鐘英語節目中討論更多的趨勢性話題和詞彙。

Goodbye for now!

再見！

Bye!

再見！