penguins live in the thousands. But these penguins are more than just cute. The health of the Antarctic  

企鵝生活在成千上萬的地方但這些企鵝不僅僅是可愛。南極企鵝的健康

ecosystem relies on their well being. So the  scientists in this next documentary, count them  

生態系統依賴於它們的健康。所以，下一部紀錄片中的科學家們，算上他們吧

yeah by hand in the freezing cold and walking  on steep cliffs. It's been years since this last  

是的，在冰冷的天氣裡，用手在陡峭的懸崖上行走。已經有好幾年沒有這樣了

happened, but the data collected will now inform  them of how one of the most remote places on earth  

但收集到的數據將告訴他們地球上最偏遠的地方之一是如何發生的。

is faring. If you want to know what  it took to film in such a hostile and  

是娓娓道來。如果你想知道在這樣一個充滿敵意的環境中拍攝是怎麼做到的

rather crowded location, stick around after  the credits for a Q&A with the filmmakers.  

頗為擁擠的位置，在片尾字幕後，堅持與製片人進行問答。

And now from, Greenpeace International, This is "Disappearing Penguins."

而現在，國際綠色和平組織，這是 "消失的企鵝"。

[NARRATOR] On the far side of the planet, lies one of  the most remote and inhospitable places on Earth.

在地球的遠方，有一個地球上最偏遠和最荒涼的地方。

Elephant Island –situated just off  the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula,  

is a rugged landscape of cliffs  and glaciers shaped by brutal  

是一個崎嶇不平的懸崖峭壁和冰川景觀，由野蠻的

winds. It's also home to vast colonies of  one of Antarctica's most iconic animals.  

風。這裡也是南極洲最具有代表性的動物之一的巨大聚落的所在地。

Supported by environmental organization,  Greenpeace, a team of scientists lands on  

在環保組織 "綠色和平 "的支持下，一個科學家團隊登陸了 "綠色和平"。

Elephant Island. For the first time in 50 years,  they will investigate how its penguins are faring.  

大象島50年來第一次，他們將調查企鵝的生存狀況。

The health of the Antarctic ecosystem is  linked to the state of penguin populations.  

南極生態系統的健康與企鵝種群的狀況有關。

And the best way to measure  those is by counting the birds.

而衡量這些的最好方法就是數鳥。

[FORREST] So we're counting penguins. And why do we count  penguins? Well, penguins are great bio-indicators.  

所以我們在數企鵝。我們為什麼要計算企鵝？嗯，企鵝是偉大的生物指標。

And they'll tell us what the health of the ocean  around Antarctica is because they krill krill eat  

他們會告訴我們南極洲周圍海洋的健康狀況 因為他們吃的是磷脂蝦

phytoplankton. So we can tell indirectly, what  the productivity of the oceans around here,  

浮游生物所以我們可以間接地知道這裡的海洋生產力是多少

how it's responding to environmental change.  And so we can't really adequately count the  

它是如何應對環境變化的。 是以，我們不能真正充分地計算出它的數量

phytoplankton, it's really difficult to count  krill. But we can count penguins because they  

浮游植物，要數磷蝦真的很困難。但我們可以數企鵝，因為它們

come ashore every year to the same places  to breed. And we're getting some idea about  

每年都會上岸到相同的地方繁殖。而我們也得到了一些關於

how the ocean is performing by how  penguin populations change over time.  

通過企鵝數量隨時間的變化來了解海洋的表現。

And we go nest by nest. We're  counting this because we want  

我們一窩一窩地數。我們計算這個是因為我們想

to know what the breeding population is. We're  not interested in all these penguins that are  

以瞭解繁殖數量是多少。我們對所有這些企鵝不感興趣，因為它們是

roaming around that you see kind of  wandering about here. A lot of those  

漫遊周圍，你看到那種徘徊在這裡。很多這些

are non-breeders. They just come here because  there's a lot of penguins, a lot of activity.  

是非繁殖者。他們來這裡只是因為這裡有很多企鵝，有很多活動。

We want to know what the size of the breeding  population is, because that's what's going to make  

我們想知道繁殖人口的規模是多少，因為這將使

new penguins for the future. And those are  the most sensitive parts of this population.

未來的新企鵝。而這些都是這個種群中最敏感的部分。

[NARRATOR] There are multiple penguins  species on Elephant Island,  

大象島上有多種企鵝品種

such as the Gentoo with their distinctive  orange beak, the flamboyant Macaroni Penguin,  

如有著獨特的橙色喙的玄鳥，華麗的通心粉企鵝。

and even these towering King penguins,  carefully shuffling across the island.

甚至這些高大的企鵝王，小心翼翼地在島上穿梭。

[AMBIENT NOISE] Michael, Michael,

[聲音] 邁克爾，邁克爾。

[NARRATOR]The researchers record all penguins.  But I'm mainly interested in chinstraps  

研究人員記錄了所有的企鵝。 但我主要對下巴帶感興趣

so called for the narrow black band on the  underside of their heads. The chin straps are the  

因其頭部下方有一條黑色窄帶而得名。下巴的帶子是

noisiest and most numerous penguin on the island.  And since weather conditions here are not always  

島上最吵鬧、數量最多的企鵝。 由於這裡的天氣狀況並不總是

suitable for field work. The race is on to find  out exactly how numerous the chinstraps still are.

適合野外作業。競然發現下巴帶的數量到底還有多少。

[STRYKER] There's four of us penguin counters. One person  says, "Okay, I'll take the high point up to the  

我們有四個企鵝計數器。有一個人說，"好吧，我把高點拿給你。

right" one person says, "I'll go up to the left"  one person, that's me today, starts down low  

一個人說："我到左邊去。" 一個人，也就是今天的我，從低處開始。

and we'll work our way up and then we all  meet in the middle. And it's important to  

我們會一路往上走，然後我們在中間相遇。而重要的是

divide it up like that so that we can be sure  not to be counting the same penguins twice.

這樣劃分，我們就可以確保不被計算相同的企鵝兩次。

[NARRATOR] It's January, which means the  height of Antarctic summer  

現在是1月，意味著南極的夏季最旺盛的時候

with one or two chicks to each nest. The colonies  are dense packs of shrieking and pecking birds,  

每巢有一到兩隻雛鳥。群落中密密麻麻的叫聲和啄食的鳥兒。

which makes moving around a delicate affair.

這使得移動是一件微妙的事情。

[STRYKER] Normally, we don't try to walk through the colony  because it's so dense, but here there's just no  

通常情況下，我們不會嘗試走過殖民地，因為它是如此的密集，但在這裡，沒有任何一個地方可以走過。

free space in between the thing right and so  very carefully. You try to step on the highest  

自由空間之間的事情吧，所以很小心。你試著踩在最高的

stones between the birds and obviously not  getting too close to their nests, if you can.

石頭之間的鳥類，顯然不得到太接近他們的巢穴，如果你可以。

[STRYKER] Counting penguins at its core is pretty basic. It really is "1, 2, 3" we actually count them all three  

數企鵝的核心是非常基本的。真的是 "1, 2, 3"，我們實際上是把它們都數到了三隻

times to try to get a count that's within 5% error.  It kind of looks crazy. Sometimes we're standing  

次，試圖讓計數誤差在5%以內。 這看起來有點瘋狂。有時我們站在

on a rock gazing over a penguin colony. Very  still with our arms out And it looks like we're  

在岩石上凝視著企鵝群。非常靜止地伸出雙臂，看起來我們就像

conducting a symphony of penguins or something  like that, because we're out there, really looking  

指揮一個企鵝交響曲或類似的東西， 因為我們在那裡，真正的尋找。

at every single individual penguin, and literally  counting heads. And if there's only 10 penguins in  

每一隻企鵝都在數人頭。如果這裡只有10只企鵝...

a colony, it's pretty easy. If there's 100, you  can get through them. If you're surrounded by  

殖民地，這是很容易的。如果有100個，你可以通過他們。如果你周圍有

1000 penguins in one big blob. That's what  I would call "Advanced Penguin Counting"

1000只企鵝在一個大團子裡。這就是我所說的 "高級企鵝數"。

[NARRATOR] But some colonies are over 10,000 individuals,  

但有些殖民地的個體數量超過了一萬個。

and Chinstraps love to nest on steep and  exposed cliffs that are hard to reach on foot.  

和Chinstraps喜歡在陡峭裸露的懸崖上築巢，這些懸崖很難徒步到達。

So to count all of these flightless birds,  your best bet is to take to the air.

所以，要想數清這些不會飛的鳥兒，你最好的選擇是到空中去。

[SHAH] So when we get to colonies that are so big  that it's almost infeasible to count by hand,  

所以當我們到了大到幾乎不可能用手數的殖民地時,

we use aerial surveys, the idea is to capture  all colonies with aerial images, so that we  

我們使用空中調查，想法是用空中影像捕捉所有的殖民地，這樣我們就可以

can either use a manual count or machine  learning algorithm to do the counts for us.  

可以用人工統計或機器學習算法來為我們做統計。

When we arrive at a site, we do a quick lay  of the land where the different colonies are.  

當我們到達一個地點時，我們會對不同殖民地的土地做一個快速的佈局。

And then we pick out a system where we can make  sure that we we don't miss any of the colonies.  

然後我們選擇一個系統，我們可以確保 我們不會錯過任何一個殖民地。

So we started a logical point, and set up a grid  survey with GPS locations of the boundaries of the  

於是，我們從一個邏輯點入手，用GPS定位的方式建立了一個網格調查的邊界。

colonies. And then we launched the drone, and have  it run the grid patterns. And then at that point,  

殖民地然後我們發射了無人機 讓它運行網格模式 And then we launched the drone, and have it run the grid patterns.然後在那個時候 And then at that point,

it's pretty hands off, it flies to the first  point and heads to the series of waypoints.  

它是相當的動手，它飛到第一個點，然後前往一系列的航點。

And the drone is able to take photos every two  seconds. And that's how we can get a set of  

而無人機每兩秒就能拍攝一次照片。這樣我們就可以得到一組...

images with a decent amount of overlap that can  be used in the next step, which is photo mosaic.  

具有相當數量重疊的影像，可以用於下一步，即照片馬賽克。

Once it finishes the whole  whole survey, we retrieve it.  

一旦它完成了整個整個調查，我們就把它收回來。

And that's how we can finish a site and  then walk over to the next area. And so on.

這樣我們才能完成一個站點，然後走到下一個區域。以此類推。

[STRYKER] For a bird nerd like me being in the  middle of a penguin colony here and  

對於像我這樣的鳥類愛好者來說，在企鵝群的中間... ...

practically unexplored Island in Antarctica  is like the ultimate experience. I can't  

在南極洲幾乎未被開發的島嶼就像是終極體驗。我不能

even describe it makes my skin tingle around the  Zodiac. And we're coming into the beat is seeing  

甚至描述它讓我的皮膚刺痛 十二生肖周圍。而我們即將進入的節拍是看到。

all these birds waiting for us to arrive.

所有這些鳥兒都在等待我們的到來。

[STRYKER] I love penguins, they're just, they're  so easy to empathize with, because  

我喜歡企鵝，它們很容易讓人產生共鳴，因為... ...

they act like people in so many ways. They have  all these curious behaviors they run around,  

他們的行為像人在很多方面。他們有所有這些好奇的行為 他們跑來跑去。

they're always on a mission up to something  they're very energetic, they're charismatic.

他們總是在一個使命的東西 他們是非常有活力的，他們是有魅力的。

penguins are really amazing creatures, they  are hardcore. And they have some pretty amazing  

企鵝是非常神奇的生物，他們是硬核。而且它們有一些非常驚人的

adaptations to survive. Here. They have the  densest packed feathers of any bird in the world,  

適應生存。在這裡，它們擁有世界上最密集的羽毛它們擁有世界上所有鳥類中最密集的羽毛。

it's something like 90 feathers per square inch  that gives them their waterproof parka and down  

每平方英寸有90根羽毛，所以它們才會有防水大衣和羽絨服。

jacket all in one. They spend a lot of their time  swimming, they can swim for months at a stretch  

夾克集於一身。他們花了很多時間去游泳，他們可以連續遊幾個月。

without stopping, they sleep on the ocean, the  only reason they ever come to land at all is to  

它們不停地在海面上睡覺，它們來到陸地的唯一原因就是為了...

build a nest. And then they go and spend the rest  of their lives actually in the ocean offshore. And  

搭建一個巢穴然後它們去度過它們的餘生 其實是在近海的海洋裡。而

to be an animal that only exists in the Southern  Ocean for months at a time just swimming around  

是一種只存在於南大洋的動物 每次都要游上幾個月的時間

finding the fish and krill that they need to eat.  That is hard for us to imagine and comprehend. And  

尋找它們所需的魚和磷蝦。 這對我們來說是很難想象和理解的。而且

that I think is partly why it's so  fascinating for us to see penguins down here.

我想這也是為什麼我們在這裡看到企鵝如此迷人的部分原因。

[STRYKER] I think that we can learn a lot by watching  birds, because birds at their core need  

我認為我們可以通過觀察鳥類學到很多東西，因為鳥類的核心是需要... ...

most of the same things that we do they  need a place to live, they need food,  

他們需要一個地方住，他們需要食物。

they need to find a mate and leave a legacy. I  think that also birds experience all kinds of  

它們需要找到一個伴侶並留下遺產。我認為鳥類也會經歷各種

similar emotions and thoughts and feelings. So I  think by coming out here and doing these studies,  

類似的情緒和思想感情。所以我覺得通過來這裡做這些研究。

it's almost like we're looking at our own behavior  through the prism of another species. And that  

這幾乎就像我們在看我們自己的行為 通過另一個物種的稜鏡。而這

gives us a license to take a step back and say,  Oh, yeah, okay, that's what's really happening.

給了我們一個許可，讓我們退一步說， 哦，是的，好吧，這就是真正發生的事情。

[NARRATOR] Penguin colonies may remain in place for  centuries and Chinstraps, even though they  

企鵝的繁殖地可能會保持幾個世紀，而Chinstraps，即使它們

venture out to sea for hundreds of miles,  always return to the same colony to breed.  

冒著風險出海數百里，總是回到同一個聚落繁殖。

The last and only time elephant islands penguin  population was properly surveyed, was in 1971.  

上一次也是唯一一次對象島企鵝數量進行適當調查，是在1971年。

The maps and data from that  British joint services expedition  

英國聯合部隊考察團的地圖和數據。

are now being used by the present day researchers.

現今的研究人員正在使用。

[FORREST] So we've got some great data from 50 years ago  about what the p-penguin populations looked  

所以我們有一些50年前的數據，關於企鵝的種群是什麼樣子的

like. So we'll compare our counts to that,  that historic data and we'll get some idea about  

像。是以，我們將比較我們的計數， 歷史數據，我們會得到一些關於的想法。

whether things are changing or not.

無論事情是否在變化。

penguins are extremely well adapted to live in  Antarctica in these conditions. But when those  

企鵝非常適應在南極洲這種條件下的生活。但當這些

conditions then start to change, that's when  we start getting worried about them because  

然後，條件開始改變，這時候我們開始擔心他們，因為。

they've evolved over so many eons to live in this  place as it is, and then as it starts to change,  

他們已經進化了這麼多時代，生活在這個地方，因為它是，然後當它開始改變。

then we'll see how adaptable the penguins can be.

然後我們就會看到企鵝的適應能力有多強。

[NARRATOR] The Antarctic is witnessing vast changes. Over the  past 50 years, temperatures have risen by around  

南極正在發生巨大的變化。在過去的50年裡，氣溫上升了約1/3左右

three degrees centigrade, one of  the fastest increases in the world.  

三攝氏度，是世界上上升最快的地方之一。

Among other things, the  warming affects ice formation.  

其中，氣候變暖會影響冰的形成。

And the underside of sea ice is a critical  habitat for krill, the shrimp like creatures  

而海冰的底部是磷蝦的重要棲息地 這種蝦類的生物

which are food for many of Antarctica's  animals, including Chinstrap penguins.

這些都是南極洲許多動物的食物，包括秦帶企鵝。

[FORREST] The climate change losers here are chinstrap  penguins. Every year where else we go on the  

氣候變化的失敗者是帶腮企鵝每年我們去的其他地方

peninsula. We're seeing chinstrap declines over  the last 50 years, and it's been dramatic. Some  

半島。在過去50年裡，我們看到的是下頜骨的下降，而且是戲劇性的。一些

of those populations have declined as much as 50%  we've seen chinstrap colonies completely vanish.

這些種群的數量已經下降了50% 我們已經看到Chinstrap殖民地完全消失了。

[NARRATOR] A changing climate is not the  only threat to Chinstraps.  

氣候的變化並不是Chinstraps的唯一威脅。

In recent years, krill fishing has  caused competition for their food,  

近年來，捕撈磷蝦引起了人們對其食物的爭奪。

creating additional pressure on the penguins  in ways we are yet to fully understand.  

對企鵝造成了額外的壓力，我們還沒有完全瞭解。

After 10 days of counting and covering  98% of the colonies surveyed in 1971,  

經過10天的統計，覆蓋了1971年調查的98%的殖民地。

it's time for the researchers  to add up the results

是時候讓研究人員把結果加起來了

[AMBIENT FORREST] 44...45....45....16, three times.

[AMBIENT FORREST] 44... 45.... 45.... 16，三次。

[NARRATOR] All of Elephant Island's 32  colonies show declines. And overall,  

大象島的32個殖民地都出現了下降趨勢總的來說..,

the chinstrap population has  fallen by almost 60% in 50 years,

50年來，下巴人口減少了近60%。

[AMBIENT FORREST] 11, three times

[人工林]11，3次；

[FORREST] we try to keep an impartial look at this in terms of our emotional response to the data.

我們試圖從對數據的情感反應的角度出發，保持公正的態度。

It's It's disturbing from the standpoint of the amount of change is happening so rapidly.

從變化量如此之大的角度來看，它是令人不安的。

We just don't see this kind of stuff.  And other ecosystems generally. Have  

我們只是沒有看到這種東西。 而其他生態系統一般。有

you seen this with say any terrestrial mammal  species over a 50 year period people would be  

你看到這一點，說任何陸生哺乳動物物種在50年的時間裡，人們將是。

certainly concerned. It suggests the amount of  change that's happening here – how rapid it's it is.  

當然關注。這說明這裡發生的變化有多大，有多快。

It remains to be seen what the  what the ultimate consequences are.  

最終的後果如何，還有待觀察。

Not just for Chinstrap penguins,  but for the ecosystem as a whole.

不僅僅是為了金絲猴，更是為了整個生態系統。

[STRYKER] If you removed all the penguins  from Antarctica, what would happen?  

如果你把所有的企鵝從南極移走，會發生什麼？

I don't want to do that experiment. As  a scientist or as a person who loves  

我不想做那個實驗。作為一個科學家或者作為一個熱愛的人 As a scientist or as a person who loves

birds. The penguins are a keystone in  Antarctica, there's something like 90% of  

鳥類。企鵝是南極洲的一塊基石，有90%左右的企鵝

the avian biomass in this region is penguins.  And there are millions and millions of them.  

這個地區的鳥類生物量是企鵝。 有數百萬只企鵝。

We are seeing some worrying  declines in their populations.  

我們看到它們的數量在下降，令人擔憂。

So right now I'm not so much worried that  the chinstrap penguin is gonna go extinct  

所以現在我並不太擔心帶腮企鵝會滅絕

as that they're telling us that  something in their larger ecosystem  

因為他們在告訴我們，在他們的大生態系統中，有一些東西。

is broken in some way and that the changes  in their populations are reflecting that.

在某種程度上被打破了，其人口的變化也反映了這一點。

[FORREST] I've been coming down here for 25 years, and I've  seen some pretty remarkable changes been seeing  

我來到這裡已經25年了，我看到了一些非常顯著的變化。

penguin populations crash, literally, climates  changing more rapidly in the Antarctic Peninsula,  

企鵝種群崩潰，從字面上看，南極半島的氣候變化更快。

probably any place on the planet. It's very  likely that when we experience these things in our  

可能是地球上的任何地方。很有可能，當我們經歷了這些事情，在我們的

temperate climates, where we all live, we're  also going to have to adapt just as the  

在我們生活的溫帶氣候下，我們也必須適應，就像我們的生活一樣。

chinstrap penguins are doing right now. So it's  a lesson for us because we've, we're either going to  

頦帶企鵝現在正在做。所以這對我們來說是個教訓，因為我們要麼...

heed this example that we're seeing down here  in the Antarctic, or we won't, and we'll suffer  

我們在南極看到的這個例子，否則我們就不會這樣做，我們會受苦的

the consequences just as Unfortunately, the  chinstrap penguins seem to be doing down here.  

後果就像不幸的是，下巴企鵝似乎在這裡做。

They don't have a chance to control their  environment. They're stuck with whatever we  

他們沒有機會控制他們的環境。他們被我們的一切所困

hand them, but we have the ability to change  and we should take serious measures to do so.

遞給他們，但我們有能力改變，我們應該採取認真的措施來改變。

[NARRATOR] Antarctica has always been a continent that  has challenged us. Now its challenge is for  

南極洲一直是一個挑戰我們的大陸。現在它的挑戰是

us to leave it unharmed, and established large  scale protection for those living on the edge.

我們讓它安然無恙，併為生活在邊緣的人建立了大規模的保護。

Now, let's hear from the ground team  on their experience of elephant Island  

現在，讓我們來聽聽地面團隊對大象島的體驗。

and its special occupants.

及其特殊住戶。

[BENSON] So I'm Frida Benson, and I was expedition leader  for the expedition where this film was made.

我是弗麗達-本森，我是這支電影拍攝地的探險隊隊長。

[VAN ROUVEROY] And my name is Maartin Van Rouveroy. And  I was the onboard camera man, filmmaker,  

我的名字是Maartin Van Rouveroy。我是船上的攝像師，電影製作人。 And I was the onboard camera man, filmmaker,

for this project that the film resulted from.

為該片產生的這個項目。

[BENSON] Greenpeace is one of the oldest environmental  organization and is truly global. So it was  

[BENSON]綠色和平組織是最古老的環保組織之一，是真正的全球性組織。是以，它是

started 50 years ago, turning 50  years, actually, today with a sort of  

50年前開始的，50年後的今天，其實是一種。

aim of a greener, peaceful world.

一個更加綠色、和平的世界的目標。

[VAN ROUVEROY] Yes, Elephant Island where we did most of the filming. It's very inhospitable, and it's been  

是的，在象島，我們在那裡拍攝了大部分的鏡頭。它非常荒涼，而且它一直在...

visited by very few people. But famously, this  is where Ernest Shackleton the British explorer,  

很少有人來過但著名的是，這裡是英國探險家歐內斯特-沙克爾頓的地方。

stranded with his men, and they had to  survive in the Antarctic winter. For us,  

他和他的部下被困在一起 他們必須在南極的冬天生存下來。對我們來說

it was a bit more comfortable, because we were  based on a ship and we did these landings from  

這是更舒服一點,因為我們是以船為基地的 我們做了這些登陸從... ...

inflatable boats on the shore, then it's pretty  rocky shore. So you'd basically almost be launched  

充氣船在岸邊，那麼它是相當的岩石岸邊。所以你基本上會幾乎被推出

onto the shore like a penguin. And then you'd have  to bring all your equipment on board and clamber  

像企鵝一樣爬到岸上然後你必須把你所有的設備都帶上船，然後爬上...

onto these pretty slippery rocks. And then the scientists would go off and find the penguin  

到這些非常滑的岩石上。然後科學家們就會去找企鵝了

colonies, the photographer and I, and some of  the other people from Greenpeace, were basically  

殖民地，攝影師和我， 和其他一些人 從綠色和平組織，基本上是

following the scientists with the caveat that  the scientists can actually go into the penguin  

跟隨科學家的腳步，但前提是科學家們可以真正進入企鵝體內

colonies, and we have to stay on the outside  not to cause too much disturbance to the colony.

殖民地，我們必須呆在外面，不要對殖民地造成太大的干擾。