Name: 北溪2號：普京的輸油管線有問題｜CNBC報道 (Nord Stream 2: Putin's pipeline with a problem | CNBC Reports)
Uploaded: 2021-03-11T19:45:55.000Z
Duration: 9 min 26 s

A series of gas pipelines  running between Russia 

一系列的天然氣管道在俄羅斯和

and Germany is at the center  of an international dispute.

It's called Nord Stream 2, and as  its construction nears completion,

它的名字叫北溪2號，隨著它的建設接近尾聲。

there's mounting pressure to put a  stop to this controversial project. 

有越來越多的壓力，以停止這個有爭議的項目。

In August 2020, a Russian political leader and opponent of Vladimir Putin,

2020年8月，俄羅斯政治領導人、普京的反對者。

阿列克謝-納瓦利尼，被送進了醫院，因為

being exposed to the  nerve agent Novichok.

The attempt on his life was allegedly carried out by Russian Federal   

據稱，對他的謀殺企圖是由俄羅斯聯邦政府實施的。

Security Service agents on behalf of the Kremlin.

The assasination attempt  and Navalny's subsequent

刺殺未遂和納瓦尼隨後的情況。

jailing prompted condemnation  from political leaders around

監禁引起了各地政治領導人的譴責。

the world and saw widespread  calls for increased economic

世界，並廣泛呼籲增加經濟援助。

sanctions on Russia. It also led to renewed calls for German chancellor Angela Merkel

對俄羅斯的制裁。這也導致德國總理默克爾再次呼籲。

So Navalny puts an emphasis on Russia's mis-deeds and the question is, is Germany   

所以納瓦利尼把重點放在了俄羅斯的錯誤行為上，問題是，德國是否是

really going to support and again finish the silver platter pipe deal right as Russia

真的要支持並再次完成銀盤管交易，就像俄羅斯的

continues to do unacceptable things according to international norms?

繼續按照國際準則做不可接受的事情？

Do you think Russia have arrested  Navalny to use him as a bargaining chip,

你認為俄羅斯逮捕納瓦尼是為了利用他作為談判的籌碼嗎？

which they wouldn't have had  otherwise, that then releases 

them from sanctions and  gets the deal over the line?

使他們免受制裁，並使交易過關？

Certainly, Navalny has been a thorn  in the side of the Putin administration    

當然，納瓦利尼一直是普京政府的眼中釘。

for a number of years and these  things may not be connected.

幾年了，這些事情可能沒有聯繫。

What would be interesting though is if a  concession, by releasing Navalny, does 

但有趣的是，如果通過釋放納瓦利尼的讓步，確實

help as an alternative to  putting sanctions on Russia.

幫助，以替代對俄羅斯實施制裁。

Russsia denies being involved in the assassination attempt of Navlany and

俄羅斯否認參與暗殺納夫拉尼的企圖和

denies that his subsequent arrest was politically motivated.

否認他後來被捕是出於政治動機。

The Nord Stream 2 gas pipelines run beneath the Baltic Sea alongside the

北溪2號天然氣管道在波羅的海下面，沿著波羅的海的海岸線運行。

first Nord Stream pipelines, which were completed in 2011. The pipeline enters the

第一條北溪管道，於2011年建成。這條管道進入

Baltic near St Petersburg in  Russia and stretches 765 miles

again at Greifswald in north-east Germany. The new pipelines, which are due to begin

又在德國東北部的格賴夫斯瓦爾德。新的管線，將於2013年開始。

operating in early 2021, can carry 55 billion cubic meters of gas per year, potentially

2021年初營運，每年可輸送550億立方米天然氣，有可能

doubling the capacity of gas which can be pumped directly to Germany from Russia.

將可以從俄羅斯直接向德國輸送天然氣的能力提高一倍。

While the Nord Stream 2 project is funded by a consortium of five European energy

雖然北溪2號項目是由五個歐洲能源財團資助的。

companies from France, Austria,  Germany, Britain and the Netherlands,

來自法國、奧地利、德國、英國和荷蘭的公司。

Russian majority state-owned energy  company Gazprom is the sole stakeholder.

俄羅斯多數國有能源公司Gazprom是唯一的股東。

For Russia, how important is Nord Stream 2?

對於俄羅斯來說，北溪2號有多重要？

There are commercial interests  here at play that Gazprom

這裡面有商業利益在起作用，而俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司。

wants to monopolise and  there is a fear that now

increasing exports of LNG are  challenging the position of Gazprom.

越來越多的液化天然氣出口對俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司的地位提出了挑戰。

The $11 billion project has, however, faced widespread criticism ever since

然而，這個耗資110億美元的項目從一開始就面臨著廣泛的責備。

the deal was inked in 2015. Much of the opposition stems from the U.S., which   

該協議是在2015年簽署的。反對的聲音很大程度上來自於美國，它

worries that the new pipe will expand the Kremlin's influence in the region, while

擔心新管道將擴大克里姆林宮在該地區的影響力，而

several central and eastern European countries, are also concerned about

若干中歐和東歐國家也關切地注意到，這些國家的經濟和社會發展情況。

對俄羅斯能源的依賴性越來越大。

Another country strongly opposed to the project is Ukraine, which has been in a

另一個強烈反對該項目的國家是烏克蘭，該國一直在。

protracted conflict with Russia since 2014. Before the completion of the first Nord

自2014年以來，與俄羅斯發生了曠日持久的衝突。在完成第一條 "北

Stream pipelines, 80% of gas supplied by Russia to the EU went through the country.

流管道，俄羅斯向歐盟供應的天然氣80%都經過國。

However, the gas supply wasn't always reliable due to long standing disputes

然而，由於長期以來的糾紛，天然氣供應並不總是可靠的。

between the two neighbors. While the Nord Stream projects are set to ensure a

兩個鄰居之間。而北溪項目的設置，則是為了確保一個。

steady supply of gas to the EU, Ukraine stands to lose lucrative transit fees.

向歐盟穩定供應天然氣，烏克蘭將失去豐厚的過境費。

We've had a situation of a political stand-off between the two countries and

我們已經出現了兩國政治對峙的局面，而且。

they're very keen to channel  gas towards Europe

他們非常熱衷於向歐洲輸送天然氣。

通過任何其他途徑，他們可以。

Even though Nord Stream  2 has been dubbed

the pipeline for  “Europe's energy future,”

Germany stands to reap the biggest rewards from the project.

德國將從該項目中獲得最大的回報。

Lower wholesale gas prices would give a significant boost to businesses

天然氣批發價下調將大大推動企業發展

That's why many analysts believe that German chancellor Angela Merkel and

所以很多分析人士認為，德國總理默克爾和。

her government are keen to ensure that the pipeline is viewed as a commercial

她的政府熱衷於確保管道被視為一種商業行為。

project, entirely separate from politics.

Many in the German political  establishment don't see

a project that for political or economic reasons they find potentially beneficial

and I think the hope is that Germany's neighbours are going to move on.

而我認為，希望德國的鄰居們能夠繼續前進。

They did with opposition to Nord stream one and they assume

他們與反對北流一，他們假設。

But the biggest obstacle to the pipeline is the U.S. As far back as 1981, the

但管道的最大障礙是美國，早在1981年，美國就。

Reagan administration imposed sanctions on a similar pipeline project from Russia

里根政府對俄羅斯類似的輸油管道項目實施制裁。

to Europe. As Nord Stream 2 nears completion, history is repeating itself.

到歐洲。隨著 "北溪2號 "即將完工，歷史正在重演。

The Obama and Trump administrations deemed the pipeline a geopolitical threat,

奧巴馬和特朗普政府認為該管道是地緣政治威脅。

and towards the end of 2019, the U.S. passed sanctions targeting companies

並在2019年年底，美國通過了針對公司的制裁。

involved in the development in an attempt to scupper its completion.

Allseas, a Swiss firm specialising in undersea construction, immediately

Allseas是一家專門從事海底建設的瑞士公司，它立即

buckled under the threat of sanctions and pulled its vessels from the project,

在制裁的威脅下屈服了，將其船隻從項目中撤出。

halting construction for a year and costing Gazprom a fortune.

停止施工一年，使俄羅斯天然氣工業股份公司損失慘重。

Many other international companies were also deterred.

其他許多國際公司也望而卻步。

In the United States, the question of European gas pipelines is a foreign

在美國，歐洲天然氣管道問題是一個外國的

policy question. In the last few years it has been portrayed more as an

政策問題。在過去的幾年裡，它更多地被描述為是一個 "不平等 "的問題。

economic question but we had sanctions against companies building

經濟問題，但我們有制裁對公司建設

the pipelines to Germany in the early eighties from the United States.

八十年代初從美國到德國的管道。

So this is a story that really isn't a news story but a story that is coming up again.

所以這個故事其實並不是新聞，而是一個故事，又是一個故事。

So the US has a stance that this interaction between Europe and Russia

所以美國的立場是，歐洲和俄羅斯之間的這種互動。

- this inter-dependence on gas is a strategic liability

- 這種對天然氣的相互依賴是一種戰略責任。

and that it makes Europe more vulnerable.

At the start of 2021, the U.S. Congress expanded its sanctions net to include

2021年伊始，美國國會擴大了制裁網，包括了

insurers, certifiers and any companies supporting 'pipe-laying activities'.

保險公司、認證機構和任何支持 "管道鋪設活動 "的公司。

As a result, 18 European companies have pulled out of the project so far.

是以，到目前為止，已有18家歐洲公司退出了該項目。

The majority are companies insuring the project, but also civil engineering

大部分是公司為項目投保，也有土建工程的公司

companies responsible for running the pipeline's monitoring and safety systems.

負責運行管道的監測和安全系統的公司；

Russia is trying to counter the sanctions dragnet by increasing its stake in the   

俄羅斯正試圖通過增持股份來應對制裁的拖累。

development infrastructure, allowing it more control over the construction, free

發展基礎設施，使其能更多地控制建設、自由

from the threat of U.S. interference. While this may mean they can finish

不受美國干涉的威脅。雖然這可能意味著他們可以完成

laying the pipe, certifying the project to meet international safety standards

鋪設管道，證明該項目符合國際安全標準。

isn't something Russia can pull off on its own.

並不是俄羅斯一個人可以完成的。

One of the major issues is that the main certification company, DNV,

其中一個主要的問題是，主要的認證公司DNV。

withdrew from the project. Now this project has all been built to those

退出了這個項目。現在，這個項目已經全部建成，以那些

standards of that certification company and we think that without that type of

該認證公司的標準，我們認為，如果沒有這種類型的。

certification it may become difficult for any European regulator to

任何歐洲監管機構都可能難以對其進行認證。

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北溪2號：普京的輸油管線有問題｜CNBC報道 (Nord Stream 2: Putin's pipeline with a problem | CNBC Reports)

majority

strategy

infrastructure

potentially