Name: 如何製作MUONS (How To Make MUONS)
Uploaded: 2021-03-02T19:10:47.000Z
Duration: 2 min 43 s

關係子句

Muons are fundamental particles in our universe that are essentially exactly the same as electrons,

沐子是宇宙中的基本粒子，本質上與電子完全相同。

but heavier - 206.77 times heavier, to be precise.

但更重--準確地說，是206.77倍重。

Muons are super fascinating for a number of famous reasons, including (and this is definitely

繆子是超級迷人的，有很多著名的原因，包括（這肯定是

an incomplete list) as an experimental test of time dilation, as a catalyst making fusion

不完全列表）作為時間膨脹的實驗測試，作為使核聚變的催化劑。

possible at room temperature, and that they can be used to make muonic versions of atoms,

在室溫下是可能的，而且它們可以用來製造μ子版本的原子。

like muonic hydrogen (with a proton and a muon, instead of a proton and electron).

就像質子氫（有一個質子和一個μ子，而不是一個質子和電子）。

But muons decay into an electron and some neutrinos after just a few microseconds on

但μ子在幾微秒後就會衰變成電子和一些中微子。

So to do experiments on muons, you need to have a source of muons on hand.

所以要做μ子的實驗，你需要準備一個μ子的來源。

A small number of muons are produced naturally by cosmic rays striking our atmosphere, but

少量的μ子是由宇宙射線撞擊我們的大氣層自然產生的，但。

one of the best ways of consistently and reliably making a lot of muons is with a particle accelerator.

其中一個最好的方法 持續和可靠地使大量的μ子 是與粒子加速器。

First, you take hydrogen and you strip off the electrons, leaving you with protons (protons,

首先，你把氫氣和電子剝掉，剩下的是質子（質子。

as a reminder, are not fundamental particles - they consist of two up quarks and a down

提醒一下，它們不是基本粒子--它們由兩個上夸克和一個下夸克組成。

quark, stuck together by mutual attraction due to the strong nuclear force).

夸克，由於強核力的相互吸引而粘在一起）。)

Then you accelerate the protons really fast in an electric field (or a bunch of electric

然後，你在電場中快速加速質子（或一堆電）。

fields) and crash them into some other atomic nuclei, like lithium or carbon or whatever.

場），並將它們撞向其他一些原子核，比如鋰或碳或其他什麼。

The energy of the collision creates a whole mess of particles that goes flying out, but

碰撞的能量產生了一大堆亂七八糟的粒子，這些粒子飛了出去，但是。

most importantly for our purposes, it creates a particle called a pion - either a pion with

最重要的是，對於我們的目的，它創造了一個被稱為pion的粒子--要麼是一個帶有

positive electric charge made from an up quark and an anti-down quark, or pion with negative

正電荷，由一個上夸克和一個反下夸克組成，或者說負電荷的皮昂子

electric charge made of a down and anti-up quark.

If the pions keep traveling in a vacuum so that they don't bump into anything else,

如果離子一直在真空中旅行，這樣他們就不會撞到其他東西。

they'll spontaneously decay after about 26 nanoseconds, most frequently turning into

它們會在大約26納秒後自發衰減，最常見的是變成了

Which you can use for fusion, or testing special relativity, or making cool cloud chamber designs.

你可以用它來做核聚變，或者測試狹義相對論，或者做很酷的雲室設計。

And that's how you make muons - accelerate protons with enough energy that when they

這就是你如何製造μ子--用足夠的能量加速質子，當它們被加速時

crash into other nuclei, the energy of the collision creates pions, which then decay

碰撞到其他核子，碰撞的能量會產生pion，然後衰變。

Which, of course, after 2.2 microseconds on average, themselves spontaneously decay.

當然，其中，平均2.2微秒後，自己會自發衰減。

If you want to prevent your mind from spontaneously decaying, you may want to check out the new,

如果你想防止自己的心態自發衰敗，不妨看看新。

daily math & science problems from this video's sponsor, Brilliant.org.

每天的數學和科學問題，從這個視頻的贊助商，Brilliant.org。

To turn keeping your brain sharp into a regular habit, they're now offering fun daily problems,

為了把保持大腦的敏銳度變成一種常規習慣，他們現在提供了有趣的日常問題。

like what happens when you cut a möbius strip in half?

就像你把莫比烏斯條切成兩半會發生什麼？

Can you use a solar sail to crash into to the sun?

If you bake a loaf of bread that's twice as big, how should you change the temperature

如果你烤的麵包是兩倍大，你應該如何改變溫度？

You can solve these problems (& sign up for a new quick question to your inbox every day)

您可以解決這些問題（並註冊每天向您的收件箱發送新的快速問題）。

by going to Brilliant.org/minutephysics, which will also give the first 200 people 20% off

通過訪問Brilliant.org/minutephysics，這也將給予前200人20％的折扣。

a premium subscription to Brilliant with access to all of their courses & puzzles & past daily

高級訂閱Brilliant，可以訪問他們所有的課程和謎題，以及過去的每日課程。

Again, that's Brilliant.org/minutephysics to stop your brain from spontaneously decaying.

同樣，這也是Brilliant.org/minutephysics阻止你的大腦自發腐爛的原因。

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如何製作MUONS (How To Make MUONS)

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