Hey, my phone's ringing.

嘿，我的電話在響

I wonder who it could be.

不知道會是誰呢？

Hey, there's E and Mini E. Let's listen in on the conversation.

嘿,那是E和小E,我們來聽聽他們的對話吧

But before we do, I want to explain today's lesson is on the short forms of some auxiliary

但在這之前，我想先解釋一下今天的課程是關於一些助詞的簡寫形式。

verbs, such as the verb: "have", "would", and "will", and how we use...

動詞，如動詞："有"、"會"、"會"，以及我們如何使用... ...

how you can tell when you should use a contraction or what the contraction means when you see it.

當你看到收縮詞時，你如何判斷何時應該使用收縮詞或收縮詞的含義。

If you don't know what I mean, don't worry; we'll go to the board and we'll figure it out.

如果你不明白我的意思，別擔心，我們去董事會，我們會想辦法的。

First off, let's listen to this conversation.

首先，我們來聽聽這段對話。

"I would call James again but he is not home."

"我想再給詹姆斯打電話，但他不在家。"

Well, I have my phone on me.

嗯，我有我的手機在我身上。

"Well, I'd call him again if I were you."

"好吧，如果我是你，我會再給他打電話。"

Now, this video is brought to you for... this is for Vanessa from Peru.

現在，這段視頻是為... 這是為祕魯的Vanessa帶來的。

She's Mini E because she's short; she's short.

她是迷你E，因為她很矮，她很矮。

It's kind of... don't get angry, Vanessa.

這是一種... 不要生氣，凡妮莎。

Anyway, so this is a contraction.

總之，所以這是一個收縮。

Now, is this: "I would" or "I had"?

現在，這是。"我會 "還是 "我有"？

If you don't know, it's okay; our lesson today will teach you how.

如果你不知道，沒關係，我們今天的課程會教你怎麼做。

So, let's do a quick overview of what we're talking about.

那麼，讓我們對我們正在談論的內容做一個快速的概述。

We're going to talk about the verb "to have", the verb "to be", and a couple of modal verbs,

我們要講的是動詞 "有"，動詞 "是"，還有幾個情態動詞。

and what the contractions are.

以及收縮的內容是什麼。

I've put the contractions up here, and as you can see: "had" becomes "'d", "has" becomes

我把這些收縮詞放在這裡，你可以看到，"了 "變成了 "了"，"了 "變成了 "了"。"had "變成了"'d", "has "變成了. .

"'s", the contraction for "have" is "'ve".

"'s"，"有 "的縮略語是"'ve"。

The apostrophe tells us that the beginning part of the verb is missing, so this is what

撇號告訴我們，動詞的起始部分缺失了，所以這才是

is left over.

是剩餘的。

When we look over at the verb "to be", the same thing is here.

當我們把 "被 "這個動詞看過去，這裡也是一樣的。

We have the verb... you know, we have "are" becomes "'re", "is" becomes "'s", and "am"

我們有動詞... 你知道，我們有 "are "變成"'re"，"is "變成"'s"，"am"。

becomes "'m".

變成"'米'"。

If you were paying close attention, I have "'s" and "'s", and you might say: "Well, if

如果你密切注意，我有 "的 "和 "的"， 你可能會說，"嗯，如果...

you have both, how do I know the difference?"

你兩樣都有，我怎麼知道區別？"

We're going to get there.

我們會到達那裡的

The last one for the modal verbs are: "would" and "will".

最後一個為情態動詞的是。"會 "和 "會"。

And once again, "'d" and you'll say: "Hey, you've done it again.

再一次，"'d"，你會說，"嘿，你又來了。

There are two of these."

有兩個這樣的。"

I go: Yeah, I know, and so will you shortly, and how to tell the difference and use it.

我去。是的，我知道，所以你會很快， 以及如何區分和使用它。

And the "'ll".

還有那個"'會"。

I'm not talking LL Cool J. Sorry.

我不是在說LL Cool J，對不起。

[Laughs] Anyway, so how do we identify or use these in the correct form?

[笑]無論如何，我們如何識別或使用這些正確的形式？

So, let's go... start off with the verb "have" to start off with.

那麼，我們就從 "有 "這個動詞開始說起吧。

We've got the "'d", "'s", "'ve".

我們已經得到了"'d"，"'s"，"'ve"。

Well, what you want to find after you have this added to any pronoun, like: "I've", "you've",

好吧，你想找到什麼後，你有這個添加到任何代詞，如："I've", "you've",

or what have you, is look for a past participle.

或什麼的，就是找一個過去分詞。

A past participle is a word that indicates a past... that the past is attached to it.

過去分詞是一個表示過去的詞... ...表示過去的東西附在上面。

Some are easy.

有些人很容易。

With regular verbs they're exactly the same; irregular verbs, they can be changed.

有規律的動詞，它們完全一樣；不規律的動詞，它們可以改變。

So: "see" becomes not "saw", but "seen".

所以，"見 "就變成了不是 "見"，而是 "見"。"看見 "不是 "看見"，而是 "看見"。

Okay?

好嗎？

"Be" becomes "been"; or "gone" instead of "went".

"被 "變成了 "被"；或者是 "去 "而不是 "去"。

So, sometimes they're different than the past... the past verbs, and other times they're exactly

所以，有時候他們和過去的... 過去的動詞不一樣，有時候又完全一樣。

the same.

同樣的。

So let's look an example in this case for the "have".

所以我們看一個例子，在這種情況下，"有"。

"I'd seen the movie before."

"我以前看過這部電影。"

Well, we know this... how do we know this is: "I had seen"?

好吧，我們知道這一點... 我們怎麼知道這是。"我看到了"？

This is a past participle.

這是一個過去分詞。

So: "I'd seen", this is a past participle, and we look this, we know this is: "I had

所以，"我見過"。"我見過"，這是一個過去分詞， 我們看這個，我們知道這是，"我曾

seen the movie before."

以前看過電影。"

Good.

很好啊

Let's look at the next one.

我們來看下一個。

Is it: "He is gone home" or "He has gone home"?

它是："他回家了 "還是 "他回家了"？

Well, "is" this is a past participle: "gone", so then we know this is "has", so: "He has

嗯，"是 "這個是過去分詞："走了"，那麼我們就知道這個是 "已"，所以。"他已經

gone home."

回家了。"

Good.

很好啊

And then what about this one?

那這個呢？

It's almost easy because it's "'ve", so we know it's going to be "have", but: "I've always

這幾乎很容易，因為它是"''過"，所以我們知道它會是 "有"，但。"I've always

loved"... remember I said this is a regular past tense?

愛過"，記得我說過這是一個普通的過去式嗎？

So, this past participle is a regular verb, so it's easy to see here.

所以，這個過去分詞是一個常規動詞，所以這裡很容易看出。

"I have always loved these flowers; they are beautiful".

"我一直很喜歡這些花，它們很美"。

"I've loved", past participle.

"我愛過"，過去分詞。

Good.

很好啊

All right.

好吧，我知道了

So now that we've looked at that example, let's look at the other one that might be

那麼現在我們已經看了這個例子，讓我們看看另一個可能是

a bit confusing with the verb "to be" because we have the "'s" and the "'s".

與動詞 "被 "有點混淆，因為我們有 "的 "和 "的"。

What can we do to identify it so we know the correct form to use?

我們該如何鑑別，才能知道正確的使用形式？

Well, we have: "'re", "'s", and "'m".

嗯，我們有。"'re", "'s", 和"'m".

And the first thing it says here is: If you see any of this and it's followed by a verb

而這裡說的第一件事就是。如果你看到這些東西，而且後面跟著一個動詞...

with an "ing", then it's probably the verb "to be".

帶 "ing "的，那麼它可能是動詞 "被"。

Or if it's followed by an adjective, it's the verb "to be"; not the verb "to have".

或者如果後面是形容詞，那就是動詞 "被"；而不是動詞 "有"。

What are the examples?

有哪些例子？

Well, we're going to take the same sentences we have here, and redo them in a fashion that

好了，我們要採取同樣的句子 我們在這裡，並重新做他們的方式，

we can see the difference.

我們可以看到區別。

So, here, it says: "I'm seeing that movie later".

所以，在這裡，它說："我以後要看那部電影"。

"I am" is followed by a verb "to be", "ing", "that movie".

"我 "後面是動詞 "被"、"ing"、"那部電影"。

Good.

很好啊

Now, let's look at the second sentence: "He's going home."

現在，讓我們看看第二句話。"他要回家了"

Now, before we didn't know if it was: "He has going home" or "He is going home", but

現在，以前我們不知道它是。"他要回家了 "還是 "他要回家了"，但是。

we notice there is a verb-"ing" here, which makes this the verb "to be".

我們注意到這裡有一個動詞 "ing"，這就使得這裡是動詞 "被"。

"He is going home."

"他要回家了。"

And if we compare over here: "He has gone", we can see the past participle versus the

如果我們在這裡比較一下，"他已經走了"，我們可以看到過去分詞與...

verb with "ing" to make it clear.

動詞加 "ing"，使之明確。

Good.

很好啊

And now let's look at the last one.

現在我們來看最後一個。

I played a little trick here to make it a little bit more interesting.

我在這裡玩了一個小把戲，讓它變得更有趣一些。

"I love these flowers; they're beautiful."

"我喜歡這些花，它們很美。"

We see the "'re" is here, and you're going to say: "I don't see an 'ing'.

我們看到"'re'"在這裡，你會說，"我沒看到'ing'"。"我沒有看到一個 "ing"。

Well, what is that?"

嗯，那是什麼？"

Do you remember what I said?

你還記得我說的話嗎？

It also can be followed by an adjective, because: "I am happy", "happy" is an adjective.

也可以在後面加個形容詞，因為。"我很快樂"，"快樂 "是一個形容詞。

In this case, it is: "The flowers are beautiful", so the flowers, they are beautiful.

在這種情況下，是這樣的。"花很美"，所以花，很美。

So it's showing an adjective following this contraction to explain it's the verb "to be".

所以它在這個收縮詞後面顯示了一個形容詞，來解釋它是動詞 "被"。

Good?

好嗎？

You're doing a good job.

你做得很好

Now let's go to the third and final one before we go to our, you know... the stage where

現在，讓我們去第三個，也是最後一個 之前，我們去我們的，你知道... 的階段，在那裡，你知道

I like to check to make sure you understand and sort of, like, a little test, but really

我喜歡檢查，以確保你的理解和排序，喜歡，一個小測試，但真的。

it's to finalize your learning.

是為了最後的學習。

Let's look at the modal verbs: "would" and "will".

我們來看看情態動詞。"會 "和 "會"。

As I said before, the "'d" might be confusing for you because we have it on the verb to...

我之前說過，"'d'"可能會讓你感到困惑，因為我們的動詞是...

verb to... verb "to have".

動詞to... 動詞 "有"。

So, how do we identify it so that we know that they're not the same?

那麼，我們該如何鑑別，才能知道它們不一樣呢？

Well, let's take a look.

好吧，讓我們來看看。

"I'd see that movie if it were free."

"如果那部電影是免費的，我一定會去看。"

Now, when we said it was the verb "to have", you need a past participle.

現在，我們說是動詞 "有"，你需要一個過去分詞。

A rule for modals are: When you... is when you have a modal it's followed by the base

模態的一個規則是：當你..:當你... 當你有一個模態的時候，它的後面會有一個基本的...

form of the verb.

動詞的形式。

Right?

對吧？

So, an example: "I can do it", "You could go", "We will"...

所以，舉個例子。"我能做到"，"你可以去"，"我們會"... ...

I'll say: "We will do something", "We will... we will buy it".

我會說："我們會做點什麼"，"我們會..:"我們會做一些事情"，"我們會... 我們會買下它"。

So, the verb that follows a modal has to be in the base form, versus the verb that follows

所以，跟在情態後面的動詞必須是基礎形式，與跟在動詞後面的

the verb "have", which is a past participle.

動詞 "有"，是過去分詞。

So, let's look here: "I'd seen the movie", "I'd see the movie".

所以，我們看這裡。"我看過電影"，"我會看電影"。

This is the base form.

這是基本形式。

So, because we had the base form, we know it cannot be a past participle, therefore

所以，因為我們有基本形式，我們知道它不可能是過去分詞，所以

it's not the verb "have".

它不是動詞 "有"。

So, it means: "I would see", and that's what it is.

所以，它的意思是。"我會看到"，這就是它。

"I would see that movie".

"我會看那部電影"。

And I'll give you another little thing that I didn't mention.

我再給你一件小事，我沒說。

We're talking about conditional here because "I'd", here, this is imaginary.

我們這裡說的是條件，因為 "我會"，這裡，這是想象的。

"I would see if..."

"我想看看是否..."

So: "I would if..."

那就..:"我會，如果..."

That'll be helpful sometimes, if you look for this "if" that follows, and that would

這有時候會很有幫助，如果你找一找後面的這個 "如果"，那會

give you: "I would do this if..."

給你。"我會這樣做，如果..."

Cool?

酷嗎？

All right.

好吧，我知道了

But just sticking to the basic rule, anyway: "I" followed by a verb in the base, it's easy

但無論如何，只是堅持基本規則。"我 "後面跟著一個動詞，這很容易。

enough to remember.

足以讓人記住。

This is just a little extra hint for you.

這只是給你一個小小的額外提示。

All right?

好嗎？

Now let's look over here.

現在讓我們看看這裡。

The next one: "He'll go home."

下一個。"他要回家了"

The verb is in the base, so we know this, the "'ll" is: "He will go home."

動詞在基礎上，所以我們知道，這個"'會 "是。"他要回家了"

Future tense, right?

未來時態，對吧？

"He will go home in five minutes", or what have you.

"他5分鐘後就會回家"，或者什麼的。

And let's look at the final one: "I'll always love these flowers; they are beautiful".

而我們來看最後一朵。"我永遠愛這些花，它們很美"。

"I'll", apostrophe, we know this... we're using a contraction.

"I'll"，撇號，我們知道... ... 我們用的是收縮詞。

And "love" is in the base form; not: "loved" or...

而 "愛 "是基礎形式；不。"愛 "或...

I don't know.

我不知道。

Yeah.

是啊。

I'm trying to think of something funny, like... to put in the past participle, but "loved"

我在想一些有趣的事情，比如... 放在過去分詞裡，但是 "愛"。

would be it.

會是它。

So: "I'll", "love" base form, this way we know that this is a modal verb and we're using

所以。"I'll"，"love "的基本形式，這樣我們就知道這是一個情態動詞，我們用的是... ...

"will".

"將"。

Pretty good?

很好嗎？

Got it so far?

到現在為止明白了嗎？

I want to do something, but we're going to take a small break before we go to the quiz

我想做一些事情，但我們要在去測驗前稍作休息。

at the end where we can actually compare and just make sure you really solidified that

在最後，我們可以實際比較，只是確保你真的鞏固了，

answer.

回答：

So, I'm going to give you a double-click, and we'll go there, and then we'll come back

所以，我要給你一個雙擊， 我們會去那裡，然後我們會回來。

at the end for our little quiz.

在最後進行我們的小測驗。

Are you ready?

你準備好了嗎？

[Snaps twice]

[啪啪兩聲]

Okay.

好吧，我知道了

So, I'm just a little casual because we're going to do a quick, little review; and then,

所以，我只是有點隨意，因為我們要做一個快速的、小的回顧；然後。

you know, when my sweater's back on, it'll be the regular lesson.

你知道，當我的毛衣的背上， 這將是正常的教訓。

Are you ready?

你準備好了嗎？

Let's go to the board.

我們去董事會吧。

So, the other James doesn't know we're practicing before we do the actual lesson.

所以，在實際上課之前，另一個詹姆斯不知道我們在練習。

Okay?

好嗎？

Let's go.

我們走吧

So, here's our quick practice.

所以，這是我們的快速練習。

Now, you'll notice that I have up here: "'m", "'s", and "'d"; "'m", "'s", and "'d"; "'m",

現在，你會注意到，我在這裡，"'m'"，"s"，和 "d"。"'m"，"s"，和 "d"；"'m"，"s"，和 "d"；"'m"。

"'s", and "'d".

"'s"，和"'d"。

So you're going to want to figure out what this actually stands for and why we're going

所以，你要弄清楚這到底代表什麼，為什麼我們要去

to put it here.

把它放在這裡。

So, let's look at the first sentence.

那麼，我們來看第一句話。

"Happy" is an adjective, right?

"快樂 "是個形容詞吧？

"Happy" is an adjective.

"快樂 "是一個形容詞。

And what did we say goes with adjectives?

我們說過要和形容詞搭配的是什麼？

The verb "to be", correct?

動詞 "被"，對嗎？

So, we're going to put this one.

所以，我們要把這個。

This one's an easy, no-brainer.

這個很簡單，不費吹灰之力。

"I'm happy", because this goes here and it's for: "I am".

"我很高興"，因為這個到這裡，它是為。"我是"。

Good.

很好啊

What about the next one?

那下一個呢？

"She'___ been gone for an hour."

"她已經走了一個小時了。"

Remember we said "been" on words like these, past participles, will follow what kind of

記得我們說過 "被 "這樣的詞，過去分詞，會跟什麼樣的

verb?

動詞？

Okay?

好嗎？

Well, it's the verb "has", right?

嗯，是動詞 "有"，對吧？

So: "She has", because it's past participle, goes there.

所以，"她有"，因為是過去分詞，所以去那裡。"她有"，因為它是過去分詞，去那裡。

Okay?

好嗎？

So, it's: "She has been gone", it's the past participle.

所以，是："她已經走了"，是過去分詞。

Now, what about this one?

現在，這個呢？

"They'___ have been late if Mr. E didn't drive."

"如果不是E先生開車，他們就會遲到。"

This one, it seemed tricky because you've got a past tense verb, here, but really we

這一個，它似乎很棘手，因為你有一個過去時態動詞，在這裡，但實際上，我們。

have to look at the verb that follows right after.

要看緊接著的動詞。

And then now you might even be thinking: "But that's 'have'."

然後現在你甚至可能會想，"但那是'有'"

So, it would be: "They'd", that means: "They would have been late", okay?

所以，會是這樣的。"他們會"，這意味著，"他們會遲到"，好嗎？

So this is the modal: "would", right?

所以這就是模式："會"，對嗎？

Because this verb is in the present form, so we can see how the adjective, the past

因為這個動詞是現在的形式，所以我們可以看到，形容詞、過去的

participle, and the present form can change the meaning of each one of these.

分詞，而現在的形式可以改變其中的每一個意思。

Not bad.

不錯啊

You guys did a good job.

你們做得很好。

Now, let's get back to the lesson before James notices we're missing.

現在，讓我們回到課本上，在詹姆斯注意到我們錯過之前。

Are you ready?

你準備好了嗎？

[Snaps twice]

[啪啪兩聲]

Hey.

嘿嘿

Okay, there you are.

好了，你在這裡。

I was wondering where you went to.

我想知道你去了哪裡？

You were supposed to come here to the board, and nobody showed up for a couple of minutes.

你應該來這裡參加董事會，但幾分鐘都沒人來。

Were you practicing?

你是在練習嗎？

If you were, that's a good thing.

如果你是，那就好辦了。

So let's see if we can put that practice to good work.

所以我們看看能不能把這種做法用好。

Now, we're going to look at the board, read the sentence, and it probably reads pretty

現在，我們來看看黑板，讀讀這句話，它可能讀起來很

well before we put the contractions, but let's just... let's go through it.

好之前，我們把收縮， 但讓我們只是... 讓我們去通過它。

"Mr. E is happy because he knew Raquel would come if he let her cook dinner."

"E先生很高興，因為他知道如果讓Raquel做飯，她就會來。"

Okay?

好嗎？

"'I will buy the best food', he thought to himself.

"'我要買最好的食物'，他心想。

He had brought some... he had bought some red wine two days earlier, while he was buying

他帶了一些... 他兩天前買了一些紅酒，而他買的是... ...

chocolate for her.