Facebook is pervasive.

Facebook無孔不入。

The world's population is over seven billion.

世界上有70多億人口。

Close to three billion of us are active Facebook users, and that scale creates power.

我們有近30億人是Facebook的活躍用戶，這種規模創造了力量。

The power to turn off the news In breaking news this morning, social media giant Facebook has followed through on its threat, restricting people in Australia from viewing news content the power to turn off those in power.

關掉新聞的權力 在今天早上的突發新聞中，社交媒體巨頭Facebook已經貫徹了它的威脅，限制澳洲的人們觀看新聞內容關掉當權者的權力。

Facebook have extended their block on Donald Trump's accounts for at least the next two weeks until Joe Biden's inauguration, accusing the president of using the platform to incite insurrection and the power to change.

Facebook已經將對唐納德-特朗普賬戶的封鎖至少延長了兩週，直到喬-拜登的就職典禮，並指責總統利用該平臺煽動叛亂和改變的權力。

How we connect, how we communicate for better, says Facebook.

Facebook表示，我們如何連接，如何更好地溝通。

For worse, says this former employee.

更糟糕的是，這位前員工說。

We have created tools that are ripping apart the social fabric of how society works.

我們創造了一些工具，這些工具正在撕裂社會運作的社會結構。

Facebook is powerful, but it's Facebook.

Facebook很強大，但它是Facebook。

Two powerful Well, this is how Mark Zuckerberg sees its role.

兩個強大的 好吧，這就是馬克-扎克伯格對其角色的看法。

Facebook is an idealistic and optimistic company.

Facebook是一家理想主義和樂觀主義的公司。

For most of our existence, we focused on all the good that connecting people can do idealistic, optimistic, focused on the good.

在我們存在的大部分時間裡，我們專注於連接人與人之間的所有好處，理想主義，樂觀主義，專注於好的方面。

Let's keep those words in mind as we consider three stories.

讓我們在考慮三個故事的時候，牢記這些話。

The news ban in Australia, the storming of the Capitol in Washington, and first a coup.

澳洲的新聞禁令，華盛頓的國會大廈被攻破，先是政變。

Yeah, this is Myanmar's military, moving in to stop protesters gathering on the streets in early February, it had removed on San Souci a civilian government from power, and the man controlling the military is commander in chief Min Aung Hlaing.

是啊，這是緬甸的軍隊，2月初，為了阻止抗議者聚集在街頭，它曾在聖蘇西島將一個文官政府趕下臺，而控制軍隊的人是總司令敏昂萊。

He's a fan of Facebook, has been an active user for years.

他是Facebook的粉絲，多年來一直是活躍用戶。

Not so much now.

現在沒那麼多了

Facebook has taken down some of the military's pages because of it, says repeated violations of our community standards, prohibiting incitement of violence and coordinating heart.

臉譜網是以下架了一些軍方的網頁，稱多次違反我們的社區標準，禁止煽動暴力和協調心。

This looks straightforward.

這看起來很直接。

If you launch a military coup and threaten peaceful protests, you lose your Facebook page.

如果你發動軍事政變，威脅和平抗議，你就會失去你的Facebook頁面。

But the story of Facebook's power in Myanmar is not straightforward.

但Facebook在緬甸的勢力故事並不簡單。

Here's why.

這就是為什麼。

This is a country of 54 million people, and over half of them have a Facebook account.

這是一個擁有5400萬人口的國家，其中一半以上的人都有一個Facebook賬號。

That didn't happen by chance.

這不是偶然發生的。

One third of people in Myanmar live in poverty.

緬甸有三分之一的人生活在貧困中。

And to help people get online, Facebook removed all data charges and organized for the Facebook app to be preloaded on many phones.

而為了幫助人們上網，Facebook取消了所有數據費用，並組織在許多手機上預裝Facebook應用。

It worked.

它的工作。

Listen to this technology reporter from The New York Times.

聽聽這位來自《紐約時報》的科技記者。

The entire Internet is Facebook, and Facebook is the Internet.

整個互聯網就是Facebook，Facebook就是互聯網。

Most people don't necessarily know how to operate or get on and navigate regular websites.

大多數人不一定懂得如何操作或上、瀏覽正規網站。

They live, eat, sleep and breathe Facebook.

他們生活，吃飯，睡覺，呼吸Facebook。

Soon, though, Facebook was accused of playing a determining role in grave crimes.

不過很快，Facebook就被指責為在嚴重犯罪中起決定性作用。

In 2017 Rohingya Muslim villages were ransacked, people were murdered, hundreds of thousands fled into Bangladesh, and the U.

2017年羅興亞穆斯林村莊被洗劫一空，人們被殺害，數十萬人逃入孟加拉國，而美國。

N says Facebook's platform helped create this.

N說，Facebook的平臺幫助創造了這。

We know that the ultranationalist Buddhists have their own Facebook's and really inciting a lot of violence and a lot of hatred against the Rohingya or other ethnic minorities.

我們知道，極端民族主義的佛教徒有自己的臉書，真的煽動了很多暴力和對羅興亞人或其他少數民族的仇恨。

I'm afraid that Facebook has now turned into, uh into a beast than what it was originally intended to be used.

恐怕Facebook現在已經變成了，呃，變成了一頭野獸，而不是它原本的用途。

Facebook was the main platform for sharing horrific content that incited violence against the Rohingyas.

Facebook是分享煽動對羅興亞人實施暴力的恐怖內容的主要平臺。

Mark Zuckerberg was asked about this in 2018, and he said, What is happening in Myanmar is a terrible tragedy, and we need to do more.

馬克-扎克伯格在2018年被問及此事，他說：緬甸發生的是一場可怕的悲劇，我們需要做更多。

It has done more to remove content, and now it's closed the military's pages after a coup.

它做的更多的是刪除內容，現在它在政變後關閉了軍方的網頁。

But this is the same military that attacked the Rohingyas and which continued to use Facebook, the point being in Myanmar.

但這也是襲擊羅興亞人的軍隊，它繼續使用Facebook，重點是在緬甸。

Facebook dominates how information is shared and decides who gets to share it That's a lot of responsibility for one company.

Facebook主導著資訊的分享方式，並決定誰可以分享它 這對一家公司來說是一個很大的責任。

And if that's Facebook's role in Myanmar, next let's turn to Washington and the storming of the capital.

如果這就是Facebook在緬甸的作用，接下來讓我們來看看華盛頓和首都的風暴。

All right, Yeah, this was early 2021.

好吧，是的，這是2021年初。

America's fractured politics were laid bare, and we're the very opposite of Mark Zuckerberg's ambition for America and for Facebook, as he outlined them in 2017 today.

美國支離破碎的政治暴露無遺，我們與馬克-扎克伯格在2017年今天概述的對美國和對Facebook的野心截然相反。

When we look around, our society is still very divided, all right, so now I believe that we have a responsibility to do even more, are not simply connect the world but also work to bring the world closer together.

當我們環顧四周的時候，我們的社會還是很分裂的，好吧，所以現在我相信我們有責任去做更多的事情，都不是簡單的把世界連接起來，而是要努力把世界拉近。

But his Facebook actually doing that to consider that we need to look at how Facebook works.

但他的Facebook實際上做的是考慮到我們需要看看Facebook是如何運作的。

This is a former president.

這是一位前總統。

It's a social validation feedback loop that it's like a It's exactly the kind of thing that that a hacker like myself would come up with because you're exploiting a vulnerability in human psychology.

這是一個社交驗證的反饋循環，它就像一個 這正是像我這樣的黑客會想出的東西，因為你利用了人類心理的一個漏洞。

And then a version of those concerns were seen in a 2020 leak to the Wall Street Journal.

而後在2020年向《華爾街日報》洩露的消息中看到了這些擔憂的一個版本。

Internal Facebook documents warn our algorithms exploit the humans brains, attraction to divisiveness.

Facebook內部文件警告我們的算法會利用人類的大腦，吸引分裂。

If unchecked, it would continue to serve Facebook users more and more divisive content in an effort to gain user attention and increased time on the platform.

如果不被選中，它將繼續為Facebook用戶提供越來越多的分裂性內容，以獲得用戶的關注和增加在平臺上的時間。

But can we connect the experience of being on Facebook with real life actions?

但是，我們能把在Facebook上的體驗與現實生活中的行動聯繫起來嗎？

Well, 38 Congress members think so.

嗯，38名國會議員這麼認為。

In the aftermath of the storming of the capital, they sent a letter to Mark Zuckerberg saying, Perhaps no single entity is more responsible for the spread of dangerous conspiracy theories at scale and for inflaming anti government grievance than the one that you started.

在衝擊首都之後，他們給馬克-扎克伯格發了一封信，信中說：也許沒有任何一個實體比你發起的陰謀論規模化傳播危險的陰謀論和煽動反政府的不滿情緒更有責任。

And this is Democrat Congresswoman Alexandria Ocasio, Cortez, Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook bear partial responsibility for Wednesday's events.

而這是民主黨議員亞歷山大-奧卡西奧，科爾特茲，馬克-扎克伯格和Facebook對週三的事件負有部分責任。

One New York Times columnist wrote.

一位《紐約時報》專欄作家寫道。

Facebook pumps paranoia and disinformation into the body politic, the toxic byproduct of its relentless drive for profit.

Facebook將偏執狂和虛假資訊注入身體政治，這是其無情的利益驅動的有毒副產品。

And there again, is that accusation that technology designed to make a product popular has ended up undermining democracy and encouraging prejudice Well.

還有就是，又有人指責說，為了讓產品流行而設計的技術，最後卻破壞了民主，鼓勵了偏見。

In response to the capital attack, Facebook CEO Sheryl Sandberg said, I think these events were largely organized on platforms that don't have our abilities to stop hate and don't have our standards and don't have our transparency.

針對此次資本攻擊事件，Facebook首席執行官Sheryl Sandberg表示，我認為這些事件主要是在那些沒有我們阻止仇恨的能力，沒有我們的標準，沒有我們的透明度的平臺上組織的。

This, though, highlights a truth about Facebook's power.

不過，這凸顯了一個關於Facebook力量的真相。

It is ruler of its vast domain, and it can remove whatever it likes being that hate speech or Donald Trump's account or the news.

它是其廣闊領域的統治者，它可以刪除任何它喜歡的東西是仇恨言論或唐納德-特朗普的帳戶或新聞。

This is an assault on a sovereign nation.

這是對一個主權國家的攻擊。

It is an assault on people's freedom, and in particular it is an utter abuse of big technologies, market power and control over technology.

這是對人民自由的侵犯，尤其是對大技術、市場力量和對技術控制的徹底濫用。

The third story we're looking at is about how, without warning, Facebook removed all news content in Australia.

我們正在關注的第三個故事是關於在沒有警告的情況下，Facebook如何刪除了澳洲的所有新聞內容。

And let's go back to Mark Zuckerberg in 2019.

而讓我們在2019年回到馬克-扎克伯格的身上。

Facebook is about putting power in people's hands.

Facebook就是要把權力掌握在人們手中。

But there wasn't power in the hands of Australians who get their news via Facebook.

但通過Facebook獲取新聞的澳大利亞人手中並沒有權力。

The news hood vanished.

新聞罩消失了。

Responding to this, Australia's prime minister, Scott Morrison, posted on yes, Facebook, saying They may be changing the world, but that doesn't mean they run it.

對此，澳洲總理斯科特-莫里森（Scott Morrison）在是的Facebook上發帖稱，他們可能會改變世界，但這並不意味著他們管理世界。

But Facebook is a company fighting for its interests, as companies do.

但Facebook是一家為自己的利益而戰的公司，公司也是如此。

In this case, it's over around whether to pay news providers for content.

在這種情況下，圍繞著是否向新聞供應商支付內容費用，已經結束了。

But the context of the row is Facebook scale.

但行的背景是Facebook規模。

It's estimated that 40% of Australians use Facebook as their primary news source.

據估計，40%的澳大利亞人將Facebook作為他們的主要新聞來源。

That's a problem, according to this former Facebook executive.

這位Facebook前高管認為，這是個問題。

I think he has too much power.

我覺得他的權力太大。

We're seeing a sovereign nations having to come up against Facebook.

我們看到一個主權國家不得不來對抗Facebook。

Yet you know, we're not on the same playing field with Facebook's power, and that concern has reached the UK This is the head of the Competition and markets authority talking to the BBC.

然而你知道，我們與Facebook的力量並不在同一個競爭環境中，這種擔憂已經傳到了英國這是競爭和市場管理局的負責人與BBC交談。

I think it's a very worrisome development, and I think it really shows that we need to urgently do something to reduce this imbalance of power.

我認為這是一個非常令人擔憂的發展，我認為這確實表明我們需要緊急採取措施來減少這種權力的不平衡。

By turning off the news, albeit temporarily, Facebook showed its extraordinary power, and if countries feel they're at risk of being overpowered, a more fundamental issue arises.

通過關閉新聞，儘管是暫時的，但Facebook顯示了其非凡的力量，如果各國覺得自己有被過度強大的風險，就會出現一個更根本的問題。

Here's my colleague Rory Clifton Jones, the only real action that can really affect Facebook.

這是我的同事羅裡-克利夫頓-瓊斯，唯一真正能影響Facebook的行動。

It is to break it up, and there will be growing discussion about that.

就是要把它打散，關於這個問題的討論會越來越多。

Even in the United States.

即使在美國。

There there are moves by certain Democratic congressman to say this is the only way forward.

有某些民主黨國會議員表示，這是唯一的出路。

It is too powerful.

它太強大了。

You can you can try little laws like this, but what you really need to do is less than its power, and that means breaking it up well.

你可以你可以嘗試這樣的小法子，但你真正需要做的是小於它的力量，也就是要把它分解好。

What happens next will in part be driven by President Biden.

接下來發生的事情將部分由拜登總統推動。

A man who we know sees Facebook as a problem.

一個我們知道的人認為Facebook是一個問題。

But as we consider these questions of Facebook's power, I find it useful to go back to that famous clip of David Bowie talking to the BBC about the Internet.

但是，當我們考慮這些關於Facebook的力量的問題時，我發現回到大衛-鮑伊對BBC談論互聯網的那個著名片段是有用的。

I don't think we've even seen the tip of the iceberg.

我想我們甚至沒有看到冰山的一角。

I think the potential of what the Internet is going to do to society both good and bad, is unimaginable.

我認為，互聯網對社會的好處和壞處，其潛力是難以想象的。

I think we're actually on the cusp of something exhilarating and terrifying.

我認為我們實際上是在一些令人振奮和恐怖的事情的邊緣。

I wanted to play that because the issues raised by Facebook are really fundamental issues raised by the Internet.

我想玩這個，因為Facebook提出的問題其實是互聯網提出的根本性問題。

The Australia story is about old business models being broken, economies being restructured.

澳洲的故事是舊的商業模式被打破，經濟被重組。

The stories in Myanmar, in America in very different ways, show countries navigating the complete rearrangement of how we produce and consume information.

緬甸的故事，美國的故事，以非常不同的方式，顯示了國家在導航我們生產和消費資訊的方式的完全重新安排。

These are vast political, economic and social shifts, and Facebook's right in the middle of all that it does have extraordinary power.

這些都是巨大的政治、經濟和社會變革，而Facebook就在這一切中，它確實擁有非凡的力量。

Perhaps too much, but more powerful still is the Internet and how it's changing every facet of our lives.

也許太多，但更強大的還是互聯網，以及它如何改變我們生活的方方面面。

That's the power that we're really wrestling with.

這就是我們真正要角力的力量。