to a Stoic truth: the world is meant to be in harmony.

到一個斯多葛派的真理：世界是要和諧的。

The universe is intelligent, rational, and ordered.

宇宙是智慧的、理性的、有序的。

As a piece of the world, a fragment of this intelligence resides within you.

作為世界的一部分，這種智慧的碎片就存在於你的體內。

You have a role in establishing harmony.

你有建立和諧的作用。

Life is a play in which we all take part, and our duty is to play our part well.

人生是一場戲，我們都要參與其中，我們的職責就是扮演好自己的角色。

In this video, we'll discuss the teachings of Epictetus: a Stoic philosopher who can

在這段視頻中，我們將討論埃皮克泰特的教誨：一位斯多葛派哲學家，他可以。

help us achieve a life of harmony.

幫助我們實現和諧的生活。

By acknowledging that a fragment of the world's intelligence resides within you, you also

承認世界智慧的一部分存在於你的體內，你也就

acknowledge that most of it doesn't.

承認，大部分不。

This means that most things in life are out of your control.

這意味著生活中的大部分事情都是你無法控制的。

You can't decide whether you get sick or not.

生不生病不是你能決定的。

You can't decide whether someone hires you.

你不能決定別人是否僱用你。

And, you can't decide whether people like you or not.

而且，你不能決定別人是否喜歡你。

But, this doesn't mean you don't have control over anything.

但是，這並不意味著你不能控制任何東西。

You were given a small locus of control.

你被賦予了一個小的控制中心。

Although you can't establish the order of the external world, you have the capacity

雖然你不能建立外在世界的秩序，但你有這個能力

to generate the order of your internal world.

來產生你內心世界的秩序。

You can't control how the world responds to you, but you can control how you respond

你無法控制世界對你的反應，但你可以控制你的反應。

to the world.

向世界展示。

Your perceptions, desires, motivations, and beliefs are all in your control.

你的觀念、慾望、動機和信念都在你的控制之中。

Achieving harmony with Nature begins by realizing that only the structure of our internal world

要實現與自然的和諧，首先要認識到只有我們內心世界的結構才是最重要的。

is in our control.

是在我們的控制之下。

So, how should we structure this internal world?

那麼，我們應該如何架構這個內部世界呢？

The world presents itself to all of your senses and gives you an idea to think.

世界呈現在你所有的感官上，給你一個思考的想法。

You get to judge whether these ideas are true and what their value is.

你可以判斷這些想法是否真實，其價值是什麼。

As you judge things as true or false and valuable or valueless, you begin to give structure

當你判斷事物的真假和有價值或無價值時，你開始賦予結構

to your psychology.

對你的心理。

This structure, or set of beliefs, determines how you'll act.

這個結構，或者說一套信念，決定了你將如何行動。

You'll move towards everything you deem good and away from everything you deem as

你會走向你認為好的一切，遠離你認為好的一切。

bad.

壞的。

How, then, will you bring down the hammer of your judgment?

那麼，你將如何打倒你的審判之錘？

Epictetus gives us three hammers with which we can judge the world: virtue, vice, and

埃皮克泰特給了我們三把錘子，我們可以用這三把錘子來判斷這個世界：美德、惡行、和。

indifference.

漠不關心。

Virtues are ideas or actions that are good for everyone under all circumstances: they're

美德是指在任何情況下對每個人都有益的思想或行為：它們是

what we should deem as true and positively valuable.

我們應該認為是真實的、有積極價值的東西。

Vices are ideas or actions that are bad for everyone under all circumstances: they're

惡習是指在任何情況下對每個人都不利的想法或行為：它們是

what we should deem as false and negatively valuable.

我們應該認為是虛假的、負價值的東西。

Things that don't count as virtue or vice are indifferent.

算不上德行或惡行的事情，都是無所謂的。

Indifferents can be preferred, like money, or not preferred, like illness.

無所謂的人可以喜歡，比如金錢，也可以不喜歡，比如疾病。

Your mind is a powerful hammer, but how well do you pass judgment?

你的頭腦是一把有力的錘子，但你的判斷力如何？

Can you judge as Nature judges?

你能像大自然的評判一樣評判嗎？

Can you live a life of virtue and harmony?

你能不能過上有德行的和諧生活？

Your philosophy is the seed out of which your actions grow.

你的哲學是你行動的種子。

The consequences of your actions are the fruit that your tree bears.

你的行為的後果就是你的樹所結的果實。

Is your fruit sweet, or is it poisonous?

你的水果是甜的，還是毒的？

Does it give life, or does it take it?

是給予生命，還是奪取生命？

In Stoicism, the goal of life is to bear sweet fruit.

在斯多葛主義中，人生的目標是結出甜美的果實。

Can your flourishing be the flourishing of all?

你的興盛能不能成為大家的興盛？

Imagine a tree that spreads its seeds through poisonous fruit: it benefits at the expense

想象一下，一棵樹通過有毒的果實來傳播它的種子：它以犧牲自己的利益為代價。

of others.

別人的。

This tree won't flourish because it's not in harmony with Nature.

這棵樹不會興旺，因為它與大自然不和諧。

Which animal would want to eat its fruit and spread its seed?

哪種動物會想吃它的果實，撒它的種子？

Epictetus tells us not to be angry with those who bear poisonous fruit.

埃皮克泰特告訴我們，不要對那些結出毒果的人生氣。

In the end, they're really just harming themselves.

說到底，他們其實只是在害自己。

So, how can we bear sweet fruit?

那麼，如何才能結出甜蜜的果實呢？

For Epictetus, the answer lies in how we structure our psychology and pass judgment on the world.

對於埃皮克泰斯來說，答案就在於我們如何構建自己的心理，如何對世界進行判斷。

Those who can avoid vice and approach virtue are the trees

能避惡近德者為樹

that can give life.

可以賦予生命的。